Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occu...Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occurrence and progression of NP are influenced by microRNA(miRNA).It has been reported that Tuina may effectively alleviate NP,however,the mechanisms related to miRNA-mediated Tuina for NP are still unexplored.Methods:To generate NP,a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI)was developed.Rats’pain thresholds are studied through pain behaviour tests.The effect of Tuina on the structure and morphology of neurones in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)of rats with neuropathological pain was examined using HE staining.The levels of miRNA in the SDH of rats with a CCI model were studied using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and bioinformatics analysis.The top three miRNAs with the highest fold changes were chosen for qRT-PCR detection to confirm the validity of the RNA-seq results.Results:On the 4th day after CCI surgery,the paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)of the CCI+Tuina group was considerably higher than that of the CCI group(P<0.001).Furthermore,there was a significant increase in the paw withdrawal latency(PWL)of the CCI+Tuina group from day 4 to day 17 after the CCI surgery(P<0.001).Differentially expressed miRNAs in the SDH of three groups of rats were examined using RNA-seq technology.Seven miRNAs were found to intersect in total.The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)both anticipated the possible roles of the miRNAs.The RNA-seq results matched the changes in the levels of miR-383-3p(P<0.01),miR-183-3p(P<0.01),and miR-184(P<0.01).Conclusion:CCI-induced NP in rats leads to changes in miRNA expression in the SDH,and Tuina may alleviate NP by modulating the expression pattern of miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms.These findings may provide new targets for future NP treatment.展开更多
This article investigates into the physical and thermo mechanical properties of a friction composite material based on ox horn and phenolic resin.The tests revealed that an intermediate density of 100μm offers a good...This article investigates into the physical and thermo mechanical properties of a friction composite material based on ox horn and phenolic resin.The tests revealed that an intermediate density of 100μm offers a good balance between density and homogeneity.Increasing the horn particles fraction reduces the density of the composite,thereby influencing its compactness and porosity.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)morphology analysis revealed that fine particles(50μm)provide good dispersion and promote porosity.Intermediate particles(100μm)offer the best balance of cohesion,low porosity and good mechanical performance.Coarse particles(300μm)provide greater density but less effective interfacial adhesion.The compressive strength of the composite depends heavily on particle size and horn particles fraction.The static friction coefficient of the horn particles and phenolic resin composite(100μm)is 0.42/0.35(for Kevlar-based brake linings)and 0.40(for carbon fibre-based linings).Wear tests have proven that the ox horn and phenolic resin composite varies between 2.5-3.0(mm^(3)/Nm)and 1.5-2.0(mm^(3)/Nm).展开更多
Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-am...Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A(GABAAR)in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH)in pain transition and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture(EA),and to understand the mechanism of EA in preventing acute and chronic pain transition in the spinal center.Methods:A rat model of hyperalgesic priming(HP)was established by injecting carrageenan(Car)into the plantar area of rats,followed by the injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2)into the dorsal foot 7 days later.The GABAAR agonist(muscimol)and KCC2 activator(CLP257)were intrathecally injected for three consecutive days after PGE2 injection.EA was applied at a frequency of 2/100 Hz to the bilateral foot Zusanli(ST36)and Kunlun(BL60).A von Frey filament was used to detect the pain threshold in each group of rats.Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)were used to detect GABAAR and KCC2 expression in each rats group.By combining EA intervention with a KCC2 inhibitor(VU0240551),we explored the mechanism of pain transition of EA regulation of GABAAR and KCC2 expression in SCDH.Results:The HP model was established by injecting mice with Car/PGE2.Compared to the normal saline(NS)+NS and NS+PGE2 groups,the pain threshold of the Car+PGE2 group decreased significantly 48 hours after PGE2 injection(P<0.01).The WB results indicated that intrathecal injection of a GABAAR agonist upregulated GABAAR expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.05).WB and IF results revealed that intrathecal injection of the KCC2 activator significantly increased GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.01)and that GABAAR and KCC2 were co-expressed in the same SCDH cells.Compared to the Car+PGE2 group,EA intervention significantly increased MWTs from 48 to 72 hours after the first injection and 4,24,and 48 hours after the second injection(P<0.01).EA upregulated GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of rats with HP(P<0.05).Intrathecal injection of the KCC2 inhibitor blocked the analgesic effect of EA in HP model rats(P<0.01).Conclusions:In SCDH,KCC2 expression was downregulated,causing downregulation of GABAAR expression and resulting in pain transition.EA upregulates KCC2 and GABAAR expression and prevents pain transition.展开更多
Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout re...Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical analysis of two types of activated from the pyrolysis of bull horn and that of cow. Six samples were used to measure pH, carbon, calcium and to determine...The purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical analysis of two types of activated from the pyrolysis of bull horn and that of cow. Six samples were used to measure pH, carbon, calcium and to determine adsorbent power. The pH was measured at a temperature of 20˚C using an “ANION 7010 ionomer” pH meter, the carbon (C) content was analyzed using a “EURO EA 3000” analyzer. and the electronic balance: “Sartorius CP-2P”, calcium (Ca) was analyzed using a DFS-8 spectrograph. For the adsorbency test, the 0.15% methylene blue R solution was used. At the end of this study, we found that the activated carbon from the bull horn demonstrated a carbon content that is higher than that of the cow horn (20.79% against 15.63%), activated carbon of cow horn is richer in calcium than that of bull horn (16.27% against 3.69%) and then the pH. The cow horn is higher than that of the bull horn (7.43 versus 6.5). For the adsorbent power, the sample (75% bull horn and 25% cow horn) was recorded with the greatest adsorbent power. Thus, from this study, it can be recommended as an activated carbon antidote to be used for poisonings treatment.展开更多
Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal thre...Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured after the inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the tibia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.The effects of MrgC receptor agonist bovine adrenal medulla 8-22(BAM8-22)on nociceptive behaviors were investigated after intrathecal injection on days 16 and 17.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-positive cells in the spinal dorsal cord,and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were examined by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of nNOS and IL-1βproteins in the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG was examined by Western blotting after treatment with(Tyr6)-γ2-MSH-6-12(MSH),which was another MrgC receptor agonist.The results showed that intrathecal injection of BAM8-22(30 nmol)attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer pain and the effects could last for about 60 min,and single administration of BAM8-22 for two consecutive days reduced mechanical allodynia by about half on the third day.Moreover,the number of GFAP-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn,and the number of CGRP-,nNOS-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the DRG were decreased.Similarly,intrathecal administration of MSH(15 nmol)reduced the expression of nNOS and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG.In conclusion,activation of MrgC receptors suppresses the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal cord and the expression of CGRP,nNOS,and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal cord and/or DRG,which may underlie the inhibition of bone cancer pain.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of bone cancer pain.展开更多
Salvaged cow horns from slaughterhouses have been transformed into fine particles for a physical characterization that has led us to determine the humidity rate (2.34% ± 0.054%), the actual density situated betwe...Salvaged cow horns from slaughterhouses have been transformed into fine particles for a physical characterization that has led us to determine the humidity rate (2.34% ± 0.054%), the actual density situated between 0.586 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 0.732 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the swelling rate (12%), and one chemical characterization that permitted us to determine the rate of dry matters (97.05%), of mineral matters (2.5%), of protein matters (94.52%). From these weak values, it can easily be seen that cow horn case doesn’t absorb much water and improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite;the high rate of protein shows that keratin which is the structural molecule favors its gripping as reinforcing element in the manufacturing of composite materials.展开更多
The Horn of Africa (HoA) is a region of geographical significance,as it locates on the northeast of the African mainland,extends into the southern coast of Gulf of Aden,connects Asia,Africa and Europe,and faces the Re...The Horn of Africa (HoA) is a region of geographical significance,as it locates on the northeast of the African mainland,extends into the southern coast of Gulf of Aden,connects Asia,Africa and Europe,and faces the Red Sea.In recent years,it has faced numerous security challenges posed by both internal conflicts and external interventions,making it one of the most volatile regions in the world.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174523,No.82205303)Fujian Provincial Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2025YBB010)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J06037,No.2024J01141).
文摘Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occurrence and progression of NP are influenced by microRNA(miRNA).It has been reported that Tuina may effectively alleviate NP,however,the mechanisms related to miRNA-mediated Tuina for NP are still unexplored.Methods:To generate NP,a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI)was developed.Rats’pain thresholds are studied through pain behaviour tests.The effect of Tuina on the structure and morphology of neurones in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)of rats with neuropathological pain was examined using HE staining.The levels of miRNA in the SDH of rats with a CCI model were studied using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and bioinformatics analysis.The top three miRNAs with the highest fold changes were chosen for qRT-PCR detection to confirm the validity of the RNA-seq results.Results:On the 4th day after CCI surgery,the paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)of the CCI+Tuina group was considerably higher than that of the CCI group(P<0.001).Furthermore,there was a significant increase in the paw withdrawal latency(PWL)of the CCI+Tuina group from day 4 to day 17 after the CCI surgery(P<0.001).Differentially expressed miRNAs in the SDH of three groups of rats were examined using RNA-seq technology.Seven miRNAs were found to intersect in total.The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)both anticipated the possible roles of the miRNAs.The RNA-seq results matched the changes in the levels of miR-383-3p(P<0.01),miR-183-3p(P<0.01),and miR-184(P<0.01).Conclusion:CCI-induced NP in rats leads to changes in miRNA expression in the SDH,and Tuina may alleviate NP by modulating the expression pattern of miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms.These findings may provide new targets for future NP treatment.
文摘This article investigates into the physical and thermo mechanical properties of a friction composite material based on ox horn and phenolic resin.The tests revealed that an intermediate density of 100μm offers a good balance between density and homogeneity.Increasing the horn particles fraction reduces the density of the composite,thereby influencing its compactness and porosity.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)morphology analysis revealed that fine particles(50μm)provide good dispersion and promote porosity.Intermediate particles(100μm)offer the best balance of cohesion,low porosity and good mechanical performance.Coarse particles(300μm)provide greater density but less effective interfacial adhesion.The compressive strength of the composite depends heavily on particle size and horn particles fraction.The static friction coefficient of the horn particles and phenolic resin composite(100μm)is 0.42/0.35(for Kevlar-based brake linings)and 0.40(for carbon fibre-based linings).Wear tests have proven that the ox horn and phenolic resin composite varies between 2.5-3.0(mm^(3)/Nm)and 1.5-2.0(mm^(3)/Nm).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY23H270007)。
文摘Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A(GABAAR)in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH)in pain transition and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture(EA),and to understand the mechanism of EA in preventing acute and chronic pain transition in the spinal center.Methods:A rat model of hyperalgesic priming(HP)was established by injecting carrageenan(Car)into the plantar area of rats,followed by the injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2)into the dorsal foot 7 days later.The GABAAR agonist(muscimol)and KCC2 activator(CLP257)were intrathecally injected for three consecutive days after PGE2 injection.EA was applied at a frequency of 2/100 Hz to the bilateral foot Zusanli(ST36)and Kunlun(BL60).A von Frey filament was used to detect the pain threshold in each group of rats.Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)were used to detect GABAAR and KCC2 expression in each rats group.By combining EA intervention with a KCC2 inhibitor(VU0240551),we explored the mechanism of pain transition of EA regulation of GABAAR and KCC2 expression in SCDH.Results:The HP model was established by injecting mice with Car/PGE2.Compared to the normal saline(NS)+NS and NS+PGE2 groups,the pain threshold of the Car+PGE2 group decreased significantly 48 hours after PGE2 injection(P<0.01).The WB results indicated that intrathecal injection of a GABAAR agonist upregulated GABAAR expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.05).WB and IF results revealed that intrathecal injection of the KCC2 activator significantly increased GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.01)and that GABAAR and KCC2 were co-expressed in the same SCDH cells.Compared to the Car+PGE2 group,EA intervention significantly increased MWTs from 48 to 72 hours after the first injection and 4,24,and 48 hours after the second injection(P<0.01).EA upregulated GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of rats with HP(P<0.05).Intrathecal injection of the KCC2 inhibitor blocked the analgesic effect of EA in HP model rats(P<0.01).Conclusions:In SCDH,KCC2 expression was downregulated,causing downregulation of GABAAR expression and resulting in pain transition.EA upregulates KCC2 and GABAAR expression and prevents pain transition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143010,32202646,and 32272848)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-39)the Key Special Project of Ningxia Science and Technology Department,China(2021BEF02024)the local grants,China(NXTS2021-001,2022GD-TSLD-46,NK2022010207,and NXTS2022-001)。
文摘Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.
文摘The purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical analysis of two types of activated from the pyrolysis of bull horn and that of cow. Six samples were used to measure pH, carbon, calcium and to determine adsorbent power. The pH was measured at a temperature of 20˚C using an “ANION 7010 ionomer” pH meter, the carbon (C) content was analyzed using a “EURO EA 3000” analyzer. and the electronic balance: “Sartorius CP-2P”, calcium (Ca) was analyzed using a DFS-8 spectrograph. For the adsorbency test, the 0.15% methylene blue R solution was used. At the end of this study, we found that the activated carbon from the bull horn demonstrated a carbon content that is higher than that of the cow horn (20.79% against 15.63%), activated carbon of cow horn is richer in calcium than that of bull horn (16.27% against 3.69%) and then the pH. The cow horn is higher than that of the bull horn (7.43 versus 6.5). For the adsorbent power, the sample (75% bull horn and 25% cow horn) was recorded with the greatest adsorbent power. Thus, from this study, it can be recommended as an activated carbon antidote to be used for poisonings treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371124)the Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project(No.202101099013,201802136084).
文摘Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of the Mas-related gene C(MrgC)receptors on bone cancer pain.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured after the inoculation of Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the tibia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats.The effects of MrgC receptor agonist bovine adrenal medulla 8-22(BAM8-22)on nociceptive behaviors were investigated after intrathecal injection on days 16 and 17.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-positive cells in the spinal dorsal cord,and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were examined by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of nNOS and IL-1βproteins in the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG was examined by Western blotting after treatment with(Tyr6)-γ2-MSH-6-12(MSH),which was another MrgC receptor agonist.The results showed that intrathecal injection of BAM8-22(30 nmol)attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer pain and the effects could last for about 60 min,and single administration of BAM8-22 for two consecutive days reduced mechanical allodynia by about half on the third day.Moreover,the number of GFAP-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn,and the number of CGRP-,nNOS-and IL-1β-positive neurons in the DRG were decreased.Similarly,intrathecal administration of MSH(15 nmol)reduced the expression of nNOS and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal horn and the DRG.In conclusion,activation of MrgC receptors suppresses the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal cord and the expression of CGRP,nNOS,and IL-1βin the spinal dorsal cord and/or DRG,which may underlie the inhibition of bone cancer pain.These findings provide a novel strategy for the treatment of bone cancer pain.
文摘Salvaged cow horns from slaughterhouses have been transformed into fine particles for a physical characterization that has led us to determine the humidity rate (2.34% ± 0.054%), the actual density situated between 0.586 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 0.732 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the swelling rate (12%), and one chemical characterization that permitted us to determine the rate of dry matters (97.05%), of mineral matters (2.5%), of protein matters (94.52%). From these weak values, it can easily be seen that cow horn case doesn’t absorb much water and improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite;the high rate of protein shows that keratin which is the structural molecule favors its gripping as reinforcing element in the manufacturing of composite materials.
文摘The Horn of Africa (HoA) is a region of geographical significance,as it locates on the northeast of the African mainland,extends into the southern coast of Gulf of Aden,connects Asia,Africa and Europe,and faces the Red Sea.In recent years,it has faced numerous security challenges posed by both internal conflicts and external interventions,making it one of the most volatile regions in the world.
