Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,res...Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,resulting in aridization and the spread of organochlorine pesticides and toxic metals across the region.Objective:We investigate the influence of negative environmental factors on hormonal activities such as sex steroids,gonadotropic hormones,and growth factors,in addition to potential disruptions in growth rate and anthropometric indicators in prepubertal adolescents living in this region.Methods:This study included 405 prepubertal boys aged 11 to 13 years,residing in the cities of Muynak(unfavorable region)and Nukus(favorable region)of Uzbekistan.We measured 20 anthropometric parameters and assessed somatotype by the Heath-Carter method,peak height velocity(PHV),and maturity offset based on Mirwald's equation.In addition,the endocrine profile of 8 hormonal parameters was assessed,which includes growth factors,gonadotropins,sex steroids,and thyroid status.Results:We observed a positive dependence of physique,rate of maturation,and level of androgens,stimulated by gonadotropin hormones.Children living in unfavorable environmental regions show a decrease in folliclestimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,total testosterone(the best predictor),and anthropometric signs of androgen deficiency.These resulted in an increase in maturity offset and PHV,combined with lower skeletal density and ectomorphic somatotype compared to their peers living in favorable environmental regions.Conclusion:Regional differences in stature,body weight,and anthropometric parameters of adipose tissue,growth factor axis,and thyroid hormones are the influencing indices in the regulation of growth in prepubertal children.We hypothesize that the inhibition of the gonadotropin-testosterone axis may result from endocrine disruption due to higher levels of toxic metals and pesticide exposure.展开更多
Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the a...Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the alterations related to reproductive hormones,semen parameters and their association with body mass index(BMI).Methods:Participants in this observational study were divided into three groups based on their BMI:proven fertile,normal weight men(n=200);overweight men(n=200);and obese men(n=200).After 3 days of abstinence,seminal fluid was collected from all participants and analyzed.Blood samples were also collected on the same day for hormonal analysis.Sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were also assessed.Results:A total of 600 men with a mean age of(34.3±7.9)2 years were included in the study.Obese males(BMI 30 kg/m or higher)exhibited significant reductions in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm motility percentage,progressive motility,non-progressive motility,and levels of total testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)compared to overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2)and normal weight males(BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)(P<0.001).Conversely,obese males showed a significant increase in prolactin level,sperm DNA fragmentation,and protamine deficiency compared to overweight and normal weight males(P<0.001).Significant negative correlations were demonstrated between BMI and sperm concentration,motility,total testosterone,FSH and LH(P<0.001),whereas prolactin,sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were positively correlated with BMI(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides clear evidence that obesity contributes potentially to male infertility by inducing sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency,as well as negatively impacting reproductive hormones and semen quality.展开更多
Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits...Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits from the use of Azolla spp.for nitrogen supply.By virtue of their symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichormus azollae,Azolla spp.are ferns that release nitrogen into the environment upon biomass decomposition.However,whether and to what extent actively growing Azolla plants influence the development of co-cultivated rice seedlings remains unclear.To address this,rice(Oryza sativa L.var.Kitaake)seedlings were co-cultivated hydroponically with Azolla filiculoides for up to two months.Morphological changes in rice roots and aerial organs were assessed alongside nitric oxide assays in rice roots,root transcriptomics,and targeted hormonomics of rice roots,leaves,and growth media.Here,we showed that co-cultivation with actively growing A.filiculoides alters rice root architecture by inducing a nitric oxide boost and accelerates leaf and tiller differentiation and proliferation.Overall,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the morphogenetic effects of co-cultivated A.filiculoides on rice during early vegetative growth.It also paves the way for studies assessing whether A.filiculoides co-cultivation primes rice plants to better withstand abiotic and biotic stresses.展开更多
Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than che...Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than chemotherapy.This is why we decided to evaluate the clinical response following exclusive hormonal therapy and the 5,then 10 years survival in these very elderly women.This was a retrospective,longitudinal cohort-type study with descriptive and analytical purposes.The study population consisted of 59 patients,with an average age of 85 years.Fifteen(15,25%)of our patients had a complete clinical response after two years of treatment,16(27%)a partial clinical response,23(39%)lesion stabilization and 5(9%)cancer progression.The presence of metastasis at diagnosis increased the risk of cancer progression by 2.84.Overall 5-year survival was 72.5%,and breast cancer mortality 5.88%.The 10-year survival was 27.5%and breast cancer mortality 15%.In the age group 85 and over increased the risk of death by 3.25 in the first 10 years of treatment.The clinical response after 2 years was marked by a low rate of cancer progression.Mortality over 5 and 10 years was mostly related to patient comorbidities.展开更多
Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pa...Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pathogenesis of be-nign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Methods: The proximal and distal ends of the ductal system were incised from20 normal prostate as well as the hypertrophic prostate tissue from 20 patients with BPH. The AR was determined bythe DNA end-labeling method and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estrodiol (E_2), by radioimmunoassay. Results:There was no significant difference in DHT and E_2 density between the proximal and distal ends of the ductal systems innormal prostate. E_2 appeared to be higher in BPH than in normal prostatic tissues, but the difference was statistically in-significant. In normal prostatic tissue, the AR was significantly higher in the distal than in the proximal ends of theductal system (P<0.05), while the AR of the proximal ends was significantly higher (P <0.01) than that in theBPH tissue. No significant correlation was noted between the DHT and E_2 density and the AR both in the normalprostate and BPH tissues. Conclusion: The paper is the first time describing a difference in AR in different regionsof the ductal system of normal prostate, while the hormonal milieu is similar, indicating a functional inhomogeneity ofthese regions. A low AR in the proximal duct, where BPH originates, and an even lower AR in the BPH tissue, sug-gesting the participation of apoptosis in the BPH pathogenesis.展开更多
Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering i...Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.展开更多
Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthrac...Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.展开更多
Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. ...Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. Methods: The 16 Chinese volunteers treated were divided into two groups in regard to the sperm count during the treatment period, 7 men in the responder group (Group R), including 6 azoospermia and one severe oligozoospermia, and the remaining 9 in the non-responder group (Group N), including 4 oligozoospermia and 5 with sperm counts greater than 20×106/mL. The differences in serum profiles of FSH, LH, T, LNG and T/LH ratio were compared between the two groups and the correlation between the seminal fluid parameters and serum reproductive hormones was analyzed. Results: The serum FSH level was lower in Group R than that in Group N (P<0.05), while the serum LH and LNG levels were higher in Group R than those in Group N (P<0.05). The sperm density (P<0.01, r=0.235), motility (P<0.01, r=0.326) and vitality (P<0.01, r=0.219) showed significantly positive correlation with the serum FSH level. Conclusion: The blood LNG and T levels, the degree of FSH inhibition and/or the sensitivity of the pituitary-testis axis to exogenous steroids, as well as the individual spermatogenetic potential and the functional status of the Leydig cells may be factors bringing about individual differences in spermatogenic suppression in Chinese men treated with LNG and TU.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced p...The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced prostate cancer （PCa） following hormonal therapy （HT）. Our definition of HIFU＋LRT refers to treating primary tumour lesions with HIFU in place of reduced field boost irradiation to the prostate, while retaining four-field box irradiation to the pelvis in conventional-dose external beam radiotherapy （CRT）. We performed a prospective, controlled and non-randomized study on 120 patients with advanced PCa after HT who received HIFU, CRT, HIFU＋LRT and HT alone, respectively. CT/MR imaging showed the primary tumours and pelvic lymph node metastases visibly shrank or even disappeared after HIFU ＋LRT treatment. There were significant differences among four groups with regard to overall survival （OS） and disease-specific survival （DSS） curves （P=0.018 and 0.015）. Further comparison between each pair of groups suggested that the long-term DSS of the H IFU ＋ LRT group was higher than those of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference between the HIFU＋LRT group and the CRT group. Multivariable Cox＇s proportional hazard model showed that both HIFU＋LRT and CRT were independently associated with DSS （P=0.001 and 0.035） and had protective effects with regard to the risk of death. Compared with CRT, HIFU ＋LRT significantly decreased incidences of radiation-related late gastrointestinal （GI） and genitourinary （GU） toxicity grade ≥ II. In conclusion, long-term survival of patients with advanced PCa benefited from strengthening local control of primary tumour and reRional lymph node metastases after HT. As an alternative to CRT, HIFU＋LRT showed Rood efficacy and better safety.展开更多
Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests i...Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/e...Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring（NuvaR ing）,an implantable combined hormonal contraceptive,in a young healthy female with no other identifiable risk factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagoni...BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagonists,as first-line therapy.A decrease in prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels may occur in the early stages of novel hormonal therapy;however,radionuclide bone imaging may suggest disease progression.During follow-up,PSA,radionuclide bone imaging,and prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography–computed tomography(PET-CT)are needed for systematic evaluation.CASE SUMMARY We admitted a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Initial radionuclide bone imaging,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and PSMA PET-CT showed prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score:5+4=9.The final diagnosis was a prostate adenocarcinoma(T4N1M1).ADT with novel hormonal therapy(goseraline sustained-release implant 3.6 mg monthly and apalutamide 240 mg daily)was commenced.Three months later,radionuclide bone imaging and MRI revealed advanced bone metastasis.However,PSMA PET-CT examination showed a significant reduction in PSMA aggregation on the bone,indicating improved bone metastases.Considering that progressive decrease in the presenting lumbar pain,treatment strategies were considered to be effective.CONCLUSION ADT using novel hormonal therapy is effective for treating patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.Careful evaluation must precede treatment plan changes.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 pat...The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 patients with MOT of different histogenesis, stages I-IV, and immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed. Hormonal receptor status of tumors with different morphology genesis was studied and hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC （ovarian cancer） was determined. The analysis of correlation between the expression of steroid hormone receptors （receptors to estrogens （ER）, progesterone （PR） and testosterone （TR）） in ovarian tumors, histological type of tumors and clinical morphological parameters were performed. Overall and relapse-free survival rates of the patients with serous OC depending on the hormonal receptor phenotype of the tumor were assessed. Presence of positive expression of steroid hormone receptors in serous OC （ER-66.4%, PR^53.4%, TR-53.0%）, mucinous OC （ER-88.0%, PR-84.0%, TR-60.0%） and in sex cord stromal tumors （ER-74.1%, PR and TR-77.8%） is proved by correlation of all steroid receptors expression with morphology type of ovarian tumors （ER - r = 0.4; PR - r = 0.4; TR - r = 0.3; p 〈 0.05）. Direct correlation between hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC and the age period of the patients was established （r = 0.5; p = 0.002）： postmenopausal women patients reported the most increased frequency of serous OC with positive hormonal receptor tumor phenotypes （52.4%）, in particular during their late post-menopausal period （39.0%）. Significantly low overall survival among the patients with positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC was recorded （29.5±3.4%） in comparison with the same score in the patients with negative phenotype of tumors （44.5±3.7%） （p 〈 0.05）. Multifactor analysis of Cox-regression model has defined that positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC increases the risk of disease relapse （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.7）, significantly decreases overall survival rates in the patients （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.8）. Positive hormonal receptor status of MOT is an independent factor of unfavorable clinical progress of tumor process which can be regarded as the criterion for development of the methods of hormonal therapy application in complex treatment of the patients, and demands further large-scale multi-center studies in that direction.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the eff...Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the effects of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron,and screen the phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum.Methods:The hormonal effects of the Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron were tested by hormonal assay,using enzyme immuno assay method.This was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results:The aqueous extract of the Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds(100-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant increase(P【0.05,ANOVA) in the level of testosterone of male guinea pigs,from(2.60±0.06) ng/mL to(3.40±0.05) ng/mL,(3.00±0.60) ng/mL and(3.30±0.45) ng/mL on the 7th,14th and 21st day of the administration of the extracts,respectively.The highest increase was obtained after the 7th day of treatment[(3.40±0.05) ng/mL].These effects were very comparable to the effects of Proviron on the testosterone of male guinea pigs,which were obtained to be(2.80±0.01) ng/mL,(2.90±0.16) ng/mL and(3.10±0.30) ng/mL on the 7th, 14th and 21st day,respectively.These effects were dose-and time-dependent.The optimum effect on testosterone level under dose-dependent study f(4.70±0.45) ng/mL]was obtained at 300 mg/kg of Tetracarpidium conophorum after 7 days treatment.Finally,the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal par...Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs were investigated and compared with that of proviron using enzyme immuno assay method,which was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds was also carried out using standard procedures.Results:The aqueous extract of the Irvingia gabonensis seeds(50-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significance increase(P【0.05 ANOVA) of testosterone in male guinea pigs,from (2.70±0.26) ng/mL to(3.10±0.42) ng/mL on the 7th day and to(3.30±0.48) ng/mL on the 28th day of the administration of the extracts.The highest increase was(3.30±0.48) ng/mL,being obtained after 28 days of treatment.These effects were similar to that of proviron,which was (2.80±0.28) ng/mL and(3.00±0.41) ng/mL on the 7th and 28th day of treatment respectively. The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids. tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusions:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.展开更多
Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). Ho...Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). However, the safety of combination therapiesremains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis by reviewing the literature about the combination of^(223)Ra with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) or enzalutamide and to evaluate the safety of combination therapy in bonemCRPC patients. Ultimately, ten studies (2835 patients) were selected, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), fiveretrospective cohort studies, and one single-arm study. Overall, there was no difference in the incidence of fracture between the^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.34,P = 0.66), but the incidences in both the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01) and the ^(223)Ramonotherapy group (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23–4.08, P < 0.01) were higher than that in the NHA monotherapy group. However, inthe meta-analysis involving only RCTs, there was no difference between the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group and the NHA monotherapygroup (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.22–5.95, P = 0.88), while the difference between the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the NHAmonotherapy group remained significant (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01). Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), SSE-freesurvival (SSE-FS), all grades of common adverse events (AEs), and ≥grade 3 AEs among all groups did not show any significantdifference. Our results indicate that the combination of ^(223)Ra with NHAs was well tolerated in bone mCRPC patients compared to ^(223)Ra monotherapy, even though the incidence of fracture was higher in patients who received ^(223)Ra than that among those whoreceived NHA monotherapy. More evidence is needed to explore the safety and efficiency of ^(223)Ra combination therapies.展开更多
Recently, novel anti-androgens and inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis have been developed through the elucidation of mechanisms of castration resistance of prostate cancer. We believe that these new developments will...Recently, novel anti-androgens and inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis have been developed through the elucidation of mechanisms of castration resistance of prostate cancer. We believe that these new developments will improve hormonal therapy. On the other hand, there has been an increase in criticism of hormonal therapy, because hormonal therapy is supposed to induce adverse effects such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we have introduced the Japanese experience of hormonal therapy, because we believe that there may be ethnic differences between Caucasians and Asian people in the efficacy and adverse effects of hormonal therapy. First, we showed that primary hormonal therapy can achieve long-term control of localized prostate cancer in some cases and that quality of life of patients receiving hormonal therapy is rather better than previously thought. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal therapy in cases undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy are very useful for high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Further clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy of neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormonal therapy. We showed that the death from cardiovascular dis- eases in Japanese patients receiving hormonal therapy was not higher than that in the general population. However; efforts should be made to decrease the adverse effects of hormonal therapy, because life-style change may increase the susceptibility to adverse effects by hormonal therapy even in Japan. Managements of endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus, are essential. New hormonal compounds such as selective androgen receptor modulators capable of specifically targeting prostate cancer are expected to be developed.展开更多
Objective： In postmenopausal women, an increased leptin concentration and reduced levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the active form of ghreli...Objective： In postmenopausal women, an increased leptin concentration and reduced levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the active form of ghrelin, total ghrelin, leptin receptor, lipoprotein（a） （Lp（a））, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAl-l） in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal menopausal hormonal therapy （MHT）. Methods： The study involved 76 healthy women： 46 women aged from 44 to 58 years who received oral （26） or transdermal （20） MHT; the control group consisted of 30 women aged from 44 to 54 years who did not receive MHT. The plasma concentrations of total ghrelin, the active form of ghrelin, Lp（a）, and PAI-I：Ag were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The concentration of the leptin receptor was measured by enzyme immunometric assay （EIA）. Results： We observed a significantly higher concentration o~ total ghrelin and the active form of ghrelin in women who received transdermal MHT in comparison with those who took oral MHT. We also found a significantly lower concentration of total ghrelin in women who received oral MHT compared with the control group. A higher concentration of PAl-1 ：Ag was found in the group of women who took transdermal MHT in comparison with those who took oral MHT and with the control group. The differences were statistically significant. Additionally, we found a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of total ghrelin and PAl-1 ：Ag and a positive correlation between the concentrations of total ghrelin and leptin receptor in women who received transdermal MHT. Conclusions： The study showed that women who used transdermal MHT had higher levels of total ghrelin than women who took oral MHT. This indicates a beneficial effect of the transdermal route of MHT. However, transdermal therapy was associated with adverse effects with regard to the observed higher levels of PAl-1 ：Ag, which in turn, can lead to a reduction in fibrinolytic activity.展开更多
Objective: The diversity of opinions on the adverse effects of medications used to treat postmenopausal symptoms has prompted the use of various routes and mechanisms of action that need to be explored because bioavai...Objective: The diversity of opinions on the adverse effects of medications used to treat postmenopausal symptoms has prompted the use of various routes and mechanisms of action that need to be explored because bioavailability of the medications can vary. In order to select the appropriate route of administration for hormonal therapy (HT), it is necessary to determine baseline therapeutic efficacy. Design: We designed a prospective, randomized study consisting of four groups of postmenopausal wo-men: group 1 received oral conjugated estrogens, group 2 received a synthethic steroid, group 3 received estradiol nasally in spray form, and group 4 used transdermal estradiol in the form of patches. Criteria used to evaluate effectiveness was the Greene scale, which evaluate six components. These criteria were applied to each patient before hormonal intervention and then each month for 6 months. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating horone (FSH) and estradiol concentration were determined by chemiluminescence. Student’s t-test was used for intra-group comparisons before and after treatment. Results: There was a significant decrease in the vasomotor and sexual component (p < 0.05) with the use of four HT types. For depression, a difference was observed with synthetic steroids and oral estrogens. Upon analyzing the somatic component there was a decrease in symptoms with nasal and transdermal routes. Psychological changes were observed with the use of oral synthethic steroids and transdermal patches. Anxiety component demonstrated differences with nasal spray and oral estrogens, although all HT forms in this component showed a pattern of irregular changes. Conclusions: Changes in the response could be due each route of administration and medication used. Absorption variability may exist, which has repercussions in the control of symptoms and should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate route of administration for patients beginning HT.展开更多
Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast ca...Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast cancer.The aim of the study was to verify the clinico-pathologic profile of male patients with breast cancer including analysis of hormone receptors and Her-2/neu state and its impact on survival rate.Methods:This is a retrospective study carried on a total of 123 male patients presented to the National Cancer Institute(NCI),Cairo University,Egypt-with breast carcinoma from January 1999 to December 2009.Results:The patients had a median age of 58(ranged from 29-92) years.About 39.8% of the patients presented with T4 lesion.At presentation,12.2% of the cases had metastasis with bone represented 86.7% of metastatic sites.About 92.7% of patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy and radical mastectomy.Invasive duct carcinoma reported in 91.1%,and 76.4% of the patients had grade II pathology.Hormone profile was reported in 74% of the patients with 71.4% positive ER and 69.2% positive PR.Among 57 cases tested for Her-2/neu,10.5% were positive.Luminal A was the most common subtype detected in male breast carcinoma patients constituting 66.7%.Comparison with female patients with breast carcinoma revealed some differences regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2/neu status and breast cancer subtypes.Chemotherapy as adjuvant,neo-adjuvant and metastatic was given for 73.1%,17.3% and 9.6% of the cases,with 83% of them had an anthracyclin-containing regimen.Sixty-nine patients received radiation treatment,65.2% and 34.8% of them with adjuvant and palliative aim,respectively.Dose of adjuvant radiotherapy had a median value of 4410(3400-5000) cGy.Adjuvant hormonal treatment(Tamoxafin) was given for 47 patients all of them with ER and/or PR positive for a median period of 33.5(4-60) months.The 5-year overall survival(OS),loco-regional control(LRC),metastasis-free survival(MFS) rates were 63%,68%,and 62%,respectively.Axillary lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage significantly worsen all survival rates.While,higher grade was associated with a poor overall survival,this was not reflected on LRC and MFS rates.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly improved all survival rates.Conclusion:Some gender differences were detected regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2 state,and tumor subtypes.展开更多
文摘Background:Long-term exposure to toxic substances increases the risk of their accumulation and triggering endocrine disruption.The ill-planned irrigation systems in Uzbekistan led to severe environmental disasters,resulting in aridization and the spread of organochlorine pesticides and toxic metals across the region.Objective:We investigate the influence of negative environmental factors on hormonal activities such as sex steroids,gonadotropic hormones,and growth factors,in addition to potential disruptions in growth rate and anthropometric indicators in prepubertal adolescents living in this region.Methods:This study included 405 prepubertal boys aged 11 to 13 years,residing in the cities of Muynak(unfavorable region)and Nukus(favorable region)of Uzbekistan.We measured 20 anthropometric parameters and assessed somatotype by the Heath-Carter method,peak height velocity(PHV),and maturity offset based on Mirwald's equation.In addition,the endocrine profile of 8 hormonal parameters was assessed,which includes growth factors,gonadotropins,sex steroids,and thyroid status.Results:We observed a positive dependence of physique,rate of maturation,and level of androgens,stimulated by gonadotropin hormones.Children living in unfavorable environmental regions show a decrease in folliclestimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,total testosterone(the best predictor),and anthropometric signs of androgen deficiency.These resulted in an increase in maturity offset and PHV,combined with lower skeletal density and ectomorphic somatotype compared to their peers living in favorable environmental regions.Conclusion:Regional differences in stature,body weight,and anthropometric parameters of adipose tissue,growth factor axis,and thyroid hormones are the influencing indices in the regulation of growth in prepubertal children.We hypothesize that the inhibition of the gonadotropin-testosterone axis may result from endocrine disruption due to higher levels of toxic metals and pesticide exposure.
文摘Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the alterations related to reproductive hormones,semen parameters and their association with body mass index(BMI).Methods:Participants in this observational study were divided into three groups based on their BMI:proven fertile,normal weight men(n=200);overweight men(n=200);and obese men(n=200).After 3 days of abstinence,seminal fluid was collected from all participants and analyzed.Blood samples were also collected on the same day for hormonal analysis.Sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were also assessed.Results:A total of 600 men with a mean age of(34.3±7.9)2 years were included in the study.Obese males(BMI 30 kg/m or higher)exhibited significant reductions in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm motility percentage,progressive motility,non-progressive motility,and levels of total testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)compared to overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2)and normal weight males(BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)(P<0.001).Conversely,obese males showed a significant increase in prolactin level,sperm DNA fragmentation,and protamine deficiency compared to overweight and normal weight males(P<0.001).Significant negative correlations were demonstrated between BMI and sperm concentration,motility,total testosterone,FSH and LH(P<0.001),whereas prolactin,sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were positively correlated with BMI(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides clear evidence that obesity contributes potentially to male infertility by inducing sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency,as well as negatively impacting reproductive hormones and semen quality.
基金carried out within the PRIN project 2017 (Prot.2017N5LBZK): A multidisciplinary approach to gain sustainable improvement of rice productivity through the co-cultivation with the fern Azolla and its cyanobacterial symbiont financed by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR), the Agritech National Research Center that received funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) – MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 – D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022)within the Tow Ards Next GENeration Crops Project, reg. no. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004581 of the ERDF program Johannes Amos Comeniusfunded by ‘ON Foods’ - Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security – Working ON Foods B83C22004790001 PE_00000003 project.
文摘Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits from the use of Azolla spp.for nitrogen supply.By virtue of their symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichormus azollae,Azolla spp.are ferns that release nitrogen into the environment upon biomass decomposition.However,whether and to what extent actively growing Azolla plants influence the development of co-cultivated rice seedlings remains unclear.To address this,rice(Oryza sativa L.var.Kitaake)seedlings were co-cultivated hydroponically with Azolla filiculoides for up to two months.Morphological changes in rice roots and aerial organs were assessed alongside nitric oxide assays in rice roots,root transcriptomics,and targeted hormonomics of rice roots,leaves,and growth media.Here,we showed that co-cultivation with actively growing A.filiculoides alters rice root architecture by inducing a nitric oxide boost and accelerates leaf and tiller differentiation and proliferation.Overall,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the morphogenetic effects of co-cultivated A.filiculoides on rice during early vegetative growth.It also paves the way for studies assessing whether A.filiculoides co-cultivation primes rice plants to better withstand abiotic and biotic stresses.
文摘Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than chemotherapy.This is why we decided to evaluate the clinical response following exclusive hormonal therapy and the 5,then 10 years survival in these very elderly women.This was a retrospective,longitudinal cohort-type study with descriptive and analytical purposes.The study population consisted of 59 patients,with an average age of 85 years.Fifteen(15,25%)of our patients had a complete clinical response after two years of treatment,16(27%)a partial clinical response,23(39%)lesion stabilization and 5(9%)cancer progression.The presence of metastasis at diagnosis increased the risk of cancer progression by 2.84.Overall 5-year survival was 72.5%,and breast cancer mortality 5.88%.The 10-year survival was 27.5%and breast cancer mortality 15%.In the age group 85 and over increased the risk of death by 3.25 in the first 10 years of treatment.The clinical response after 2 years was marked by a low rate of cancer progression.Mortality over 5 and 10 years was mostly related to patient comorbidities.
文摘Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pathogenesis of be-nign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Methods: The proximal and distal ends of the ductal system were incised from20 normal prostate as well as the hypertrophic prostate tissue from 20 patients with BPH. The AR was determined bythe DNA end-labeling method and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estrodiol (E_2), by radioimmunoassay. Results:There was no significant difference in DHT and E_2 density between the proximal and distal ends of the ductal systems innormal prostate. E_2 appeared to be higher in BPH than in normal prostatic tissues, but the difference was statistically in-significant. In normal prostatic tissue, the AR was significantly higher in the distal than in the proximal ends of theductal system (P<0.05), while the AR of the proximal ends was significantly higher (P <0.01) than that in theBPH tissue. No significant correlation was noted between the DHT and E_2 density and the AR both in the normalprostate and BPH tissues. Conclusion: The paper is the first time describing a difference in AR in different regionsof the ductal system of normal prostate, while the hormonal milieu is similar, indicating a functional inhomogeneity ofthese regions. A low AR in the proximal duct, where BPH originates, and an even lower AR in the BPH tissue, sug-gesting the participation of apoptosis in the BPH pathogenesis.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91935302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971812)Major Basic Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019ZD15)。
文摘Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.
基金This work was sup-ported by National Natural Sclence Foundatlon of China(no.81202108)
文摘Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.
文摘Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. Methods: The 16 Chinese volunteers treated were divided into two groups in regard to the sperm count during the treatment period, 7 men in the responder group (Group R), including 6 azoospermia and one severe oligozoospermia, and the remaining 9 in the non-responder group (Group N), including 4 oligozoospermia and 5 with sperm counts greater than 20×106/mL. The differences in serum profiles of FSH, LH, T, LNG and T/LH ratio were compared between the two groups and the correlation between the seminal fluid parameters and serum reproductive hormones was analyzed. Results: The serum FSH level was lower in Group R than that in Group N (P<0.05), while the serum LH and LNG levels were higher in Group R than those in Group N (P<0.05). The sperm density (P<0.01, r=0.235), motility (P<0.01, r=0.326) and vitality (P<0.01, r=0.219) showed significantly positive correlation with the serum FSH level. Conclusion: The blood LNG and T levels, the degree of FSH inhibition and/or the sensitivity of the pituitary-testis axis to exogenous steroids, as well as the individual spermatogenetic potential and the functional status of the Leydig cells may be factors bringing about individual differences in spermatogenic suppression in Chinese men treated with LNG and TU.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced prostate cancer （PCa） following hormonal therapy （HT）. Our definition of HIFU＋LRT refers to treating primary tumour lesions with HIFU in place of reduced field boost irradiation to the prostate, while retaining four-field box irradiation to the pelvis in conventional-dose external beam radiotherapy （CRT）. We performed a prospective, controlled and non-randomized study on 120 patients with advanced PCa after HT who received HIFU, CRT, HIFU＋LRT and HT alone, respectively. CT/MR imaging showed the primary tumours and pelvic lymph node metastases visibly shrank or even disappeared after HIFU ＋LRT treatment. There were significant differences among four groups with regard to overall survival （OS） and disease-specific survival （DSS） curves （P=0.018 and 0.015）. Further comparison between each pair of groups suggested that the long-term DSS of the H IFU ＋ LRT group was higher than those of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference between the HIFU＋LRT group and the CRT group. Multivariable Cox＇s proportional hazard model showed that both HIFU＋LRT and CRT were independently associated with DSS （P=0.001 and 0.035） and had protective effects with regard to the risk of death. Compared with CRT, HIFU ＋LRT significantly decreased incidences of radiation-related late gastrointestinal （GI） and genitourinary （GU） toxicity grade ≥ II. In conclusion, long-term survival of patients with advanced PCa benefited from strengthening local control of primary tumour and reRional lymph node metastases after HT. As an alternative to CRT, HIFU＋LRT showed Rood efficacy and better safety.
基金This study received the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730083 and 31572328).
文摘Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.
文摘Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring（NuvaR ing）,an implantable combined hormonal contraceptive,in a young healthy female with no other identifiable risk factors.
文摘BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagonists,as first-line therapy.A decrease in prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels may occur in the early stages of novel hormonal therapy;however,radionuclide bone imaging may suggest disease progression.During follow-up,PSA,radionuclide bone imaging,and prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography–computed tomography(PET-CT)are needed for systematic evaluation.CASE SUMMARY We admitted a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Initial radionuclide bone imaging,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and PSMA PET-CT showed prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score:5+4=9.The final diagnosis was a prostate adenocarcinoma(T4N1M1).ADT with novel hormonal therapy(goseraline sustained-release implant 3.6 mg monthly and apalutamide 240 mg daily)was commenced.Three months later,radionuclide bone imaging and MRI revealed advanced bone metastasis.However,PSMA PET-CT examination showed a significant reduction in PSMA aggregation on the bone,indicating improved bone metastases.Considering that progressive decrease in the presenting lumbar pain,treatment strategies were considered to be effective.CONCLUSION ADT using novel hormonal therapy is effective for treating patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.Careful evaluation must precede treatment plan changes.
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 patients with MOT of different histogenesis, stages I-IV, and immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed. Hormonal receptor status of tumors with different morphology genesis was studied and hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC （ovarian cancer） was determined. The analysis of correlation between the expression of steroid hormone receptors （receptors to estrogens （ER）, progesterone （PR） and testosterone （TR）） in ovarian tumors, histological type of tumors and clinical morphological parameters were performed. Overall and relapse-free survival rates of the patients with serous OC depending on the hormonal receptor phenotype of the tumor were assessed. Presence of positive expression of steroid hormone receptors in serous OC （ER-66.4%, PR^53.4%, TR-53.0%）, mucinous OC （ER-88.0%, PR-84.0%, TR-60.0%） and in sex cord stromal tumors （ER-74.1%, PR and TR-77.8%） is proved by correlation of all steroid receptors expression with morphology type of ovarian tumors （ER - r = 0.4; PR - r = 0.4; TR - r = 0.3; p 〈 0.05）. Direct correlation between hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC and the age period of the patients was established （r = 0.5; p = 0.002）： postmenopausal women patients reported the most increased frequency of serous OC with positive hormonal receptor tumor phenotypes （52.4%）, in particular during their late post-menopausal period （39.0%）. Significantly low overall survival among the patients with positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC was recorded （29.5±3.4%） in comparison with the same score in the patients with negative phenotype of tumors （44.5±3.7%） （p 〈 0.05）. Multifactor analysis of Cox-regression model has defined that positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC increases the risk of disease relapse （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.7）, significantly decreases overall survival rates in the patients （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.8）. Positive hormonal receptor status of MOT is an independent factor of unfavorable clinical progress of tumor process which can be regarded as the criterion for development of the methods of hormonal therapy application in complex treatment of the patients, and demands further large-scale multi-center studies in that direction.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the effects of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron,and screen the phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum.Methods:The hormonal effects of the Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron were tested by hormonal assay,using enzyme immuno assay method.This was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results:The aqueous extract of the Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds(100-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant increase(P【0.05,ANOVA) in the level of testosterone of male guinea pigs,from(2.60±0.06) ng/mL to(3.40±0.05) ng/mL,(3.00±0.60) ng/mL and(3.30±0.45) ng/mL on the 7th,14th and 21st day of the administration of the extracts,respectively.The highest increase was obtained after the 7th day of treatment[(3.40±0.05) ng/mL].These effects were very comparable to the effects of Proviron on the testosterone of male guinea pigs,which were obtained to be(2.80±0.01) ng/mL,(2.90±0.16) ng/mL and(3.10±0.30) ng/mL on the 7th, 14th and 21st day,respectively.These effects were dose-and time-dependent.The optimum effect on testosterone level under dose-dependent study f(4.70±0.45) ng/mL]was obtained at 300 mg/kg of Tetracarpidium conophorum after 7 days treatment.Finally,the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs were investigated and compared with that of proviron using enzyme immuno assay method,which was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds was also carried out using standard procedures.Results:The aqueous extract of the Irvingia gabonensis seeds(50-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significance increase(P【0.05 ANOVA) of testosterone in male guinea pigs,from (2.70±0.26) ng/mL to(3.10±0.42) ng/mL on the 7th day and to(3.30±0.48) ng/mL on the 28th day of the administration of the extracts.The highest increase was(3.30±0.48) ng/mL,being obtained after 28 days of treatment.These effects were similar to that of proviron,which was (2.80±0.28) ng/mL and(3.00±0.41) ng/mL on the 7th and 28th day of treatment respectively. The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids. tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusions:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0119)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172785,81902577,81974398,and 81872107)+1 种基金Research Foundation for the Postdoctoral Program of Sichuan University(2021SCU12014)1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC21020).
文摘Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). However, the safety of combination therapiesremains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis by reviewing the literature about the combination of^(223)Ra with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) or enzalutamide and to evaluate the safety of combination therapy in bonemCRPC patients. Ultimately, ten studies (2835 patients) were selected, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), fiveretrospective cohort studies, and one single-arm study. Overall, there was no difference in the incidence of fracture between the^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.34,P = 0.66), but the incidences in both the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01) and the ^(223)Ramonotherapy group (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23–4.08, P < 0.01) were higher than that in the NHA monotherapy group. However, inthe meta-analysis involving only RCTs, there was no difference between the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group and the NHA monotherapygroup (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.22–5.95, P = 0.88), while the difference between the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the NHAmonotherapy group remained significant (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01). Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), SSE-freesurvival (SSE-FS), all grades of common adverse events (AEs), and ≥grade 3 AEs among all groups did not show any significantdifference. Our results indicate that the combination of ^(223)Ra with NHAs was well tolerated in bone mCRPC patients compared to ^(223)Ra monotherapy, even though the incidence of fracture was higher in patients who received ^(223)Ra than that among those whoreceived NHA monotherapy. More evidence is needed to explore the safety and efficiency of ^(223)Ra combination therapies.
文摘Recently, novel anti-androgens and inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis have been developed through the elucidation of mechanisms of castration resistance of prostate cancer. We believe that these new developments will improve hormonal therapy. On the other hand, there has been an increase in criticism of hormonal therapy, because hormonal therapy is supposed to induce adverse effects such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we have introduced the Japanese experience of hormonal therapy, because we believe that there may be ethnic differences between Caucasians and Asian people in the efficacy and adverse effects of hormonal therapy. First, we showed that primary hormonal therapy can achieve long-term control of localized prostate cancer in some cases and that quality of life of patients receiving hormonal therapy is rather better than previously thought. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal therapy in cases undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy are very useful for high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. Further clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy of neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormonal therapy. We showed that the death from cardiovascular dis- eases in Japanese patients receiving hormonal therapy was not higher than that in the general population. However; efforts should be made to decrease the adverse effects of hormonal therapy, because life-style change may increase the susceptibility to adverse effects by hormonal therapy even in Japan. Managements of endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus, are essential. New hormonal compounds such as selective androgen receptor modulators capable of specifically targeting prostate cancer are expected to be developed.
基金Project supported by the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz,Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (No.73/04),Poland
文摘Objective： In postmenopausal women, an increased leptin concentration and reduced levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the active form of ghrelin, total ghrelin, leptin receptor, lipoprotein（a） （Lp（a））, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAl-l） in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal menopausal hormonal therapy （MHT）. Methods： The study involved 76 healthy women： 46 women aged from 44 to 58 years who received oral （26） or transdermal （20） MHT; the control group consisted of 30 women aged from 44 to 54 years who did not receive MHT. The plasma concentrations of total ghrelin, the active form of ghrelin, Lp（a）, and PAI-I：Ag were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The concentration of the leptin receptor was measured by enzyme immunometric assay （EIA）. Results： We observed a significantly higher concentration o~ total ghrelin and the active form of ghrelin in women who received transdermal MHT in comparison with those who took oral MHT. We also found a significantly lower concentration of total ghrelin in women who received oral MHT compared with the control group. A higher concentration of PAl-1 ：Ag was found in the group of women who took transdermal MHT in comparison with those who took oral MHT and with the control group. The differences were statistically significant. Additionally, we found a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of total ghrelin and PAl-1 ：Ag and a positive correlation between the concentrations of total ghrelin and leptin receptor in women who received transdermal MHT. Conclusions： The study showed that women who used transdermal MHT had higher levels of total ghrelin than women who took oral MHT. This indicates a beneficial effect of the transdermal route of MHT. However, transdermal therapy was associated with adverse effects with regard to the observed higher levels of PAl-1 ：Ag, which in turn, can lead to a reduction in fibrinolytic activity.
文摘Objective: The diversity of opinions on the adverse effects of medications used to treat postmenopausal symptoms has prompted the use of various routes and mechanisms of action that need to be explored because bioavailability of the medications can vary. In order to select the appropriate route of administration for hormonal therapy (HT), it is necessary to determine baseline therapeutic efficacy. Design: We designed a prospective, randomized study consisting of four groups of postmenopausal wo-men: group 1 received oral conjugated estrogens, group 2 received a synthethic steroid, group 3 received estradiol nasally in spray form, and group 4 used transdermal estradiol in the form of patches. Criteria used to evaluate effectiveness was the Greene scale, which evaluate six components. These criteria were applied to each patient before hormonal intervention and then each month for 6 months. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating horone (FSH) and estradiol concentration were determined by chemiluminescence. Student’s t-test was used for intra-group comparisons before and after treatment. Results: There was a significant decrease in the vasomotor and sexual component (p < 0.05) with the use of four HT types. For depression, a difference was observed with synthetic steroids and oral estrogens. Upon analyzing the somatic component there was a decrease in symptoms with nasal and transdermal routes. Psychological changes were observed with the use of oral synthethic steroids and transdermal patches. Anxiety component demonstrated differences with nasal spray and oral estrogens, although all HT forms in this component showed a pattern of irregular changes. Conclusions: Changes in the response could be due each route of administration and medication used. Absorption variability may exist, which has repercussions in the control of symptoms and should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate route of administration for patients beginning HT.
文摘Objective:Male breast cancer(MBC) represents < 1% of all breast cancers.Hormone receptors and Her-2/neu status are established prognostic factors in female breast cancer but not yet studied enough in male breast cancer.The aim of the study was to verify the clinico-pathologic profile of male patients with breast cancer including analysis of hormone receptors and Her-2/neu state and its impact on survival rate.Methods:This is a retrospective study carried on a total of 123 male patients presented to the National Cancer Institute(NCI),Cairo University,Egypt-with breast carcinoma from January 1999 to December 2009.Results:The patients had a median age of 58(ranged from 29-92) years.About 39.8% of the patients presented with T4 lesion.At presentation,12.2% of the cases had metastasis with bone represented 86.7% of metastatic sites.About 92.7% of patients were subjected to modified radical mastectomy and radical mastectomy.Invasive duct carcinoma reported in 91.1%,and 76.4% of the patients had grade II pathology.Hormone profile was reported in 74% of the patients with 71.4% positive ER and 69.2% positive PR.Among 57 cases tested for Her-2/neu,10.5% were positive.Luminal A was the most common subtype detected in male breast carcinoma patients constituting 66.7%.Comparison with female patients with breast carcinoma revealed some differences regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2/neu status and breast cancer subtypes.Chemotherapy as adjuvant,neo-adjuvant and metastatic was given for 73.1%,17.3% and 9.6% of the cases,with 83% of them had an anthracyclin-containing regimen.Sixty-nine patients received radiation treatment,65.2% and 34.8% of them with adjuvant and palliative aim,respectively.Dose of adjuvant radiotherapy had a median value of 4410(3400-5000) cGy.Adjuvant hormonal treatment(Tamoxafin) was given for 47 patients all of them with ER and/or PR positive for a median period of 33.5(4-60) months.The 5-year overall survival(OS),loco-regional control(LRC),metastasis-free survival(MFS) rates were 63%,68%,and 62%,respectively.Axillary lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage significantly worsen all survival rates.While,higher grade was associated with a poor overall survival,this was not reflected on LRC and MFS rates.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly improved all survival rates.Conclusion:Some gender differences were detected regarding stage,hormone profile,Her-2 state,and tumor subtypes.
