Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In...Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.展开更多
Mitochondria are the central organelles that allow eukaryotic cells to efficiently convert nutrients into energy for cellular functions such as anabolic reactions,movement,and regulation.A reduction in the number of m...Mitochondria are the central organelles that allow eukaryotic cells to efficiently convert nutrients into energy for cellular functions such as anabolic reactions,movement,and regulation.A reduction in the number of mitochondria or the occurrence of dysfunctional mitochondria leads to serious diseases such as the Leigh syndrome.However,such changes have also been connected to Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and many more diseases of different organ systems and occur during the aging process.Mitochondria are,therefore.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mech...Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.展开更多
Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Ret...Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a...Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.展开更多
Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular pro...Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.展开更多
The NRAMP(natural resistance-associated macrophage protein)family plays a pivotal role in metal ion transport,regulating both essential micronutrient uptake and toxic heavy metal accumulation in plants.In rice(Oryza s...The NRAMP(natural resistance-associated macrophage protein)family plays a pivotal role in metal ion transport,regulating both essential micronutrient uptake and toxic heavy metal accumulation in plants.In rice(Oryza sativa),OsNRAMP transporters critically influence metal homeostasis,stress adaptation,and grain safety.Among them,OsNRAMP5 serves as a major entry point for cadmium(Cd)and manganese(Mn)uptake,making it a prime target for low-Cd rice breeding.However,knockout of OsNRAMP5 leads to severe Mn deficiency,highlighting the need for precise genetic modifications(e.g.,OsNRAMP5-Q337K),which reduce Cd accumulation while maintaining Mn nutrition.Additionally,OsNRAMP1 and OsNRAMP2 contribute to Cd translocation and plant immunity,whereas OsNRAMP3/4/6/7 participate in Mn,iron,and zinc distribution and stress responses.This review systematically summarizes the structural,functional,and regulatory mechanisms of OsNRAMPs,emphasizing their roles in metal transport,pathogen resistance,and abiotic stress adaptation.Furthermore,we discuss strategies for developing low-Cd rice varieties,including QTL-based breeding,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing,and multi-gene stacking approaches.Finally,we outline future research directions,such as structural engineering of metal-binding sites and field validation of engineered rice lines,to ensure sustainable rice production in heavy metal-contaminated soils.展开更多
Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifical...Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifically H_(2)O_(2)derived from roots and mediated by the respiratory burst oxidase homolog(NADPH),plays a significant role in regulating ion and plant hormone homeostasis in glycophytic plants,such as Arabidopsis.However,the extent to which root-derived H_(2)O_(2)fulfils similar functions in halophytic plants remains uncertain.Therefore,our study aimed to explore the potential contribution of root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in delaying leaf senescence induced by high salinity,utilizing seashore paspalum as a model halophytic plant.The application of the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor DPI,coupled with a series of leaf senescence analyses,we revealed that root-derived H_(2)O_(2)significantly retards salt-induced leaf senescence.Furthermore,through the application of hormone analysis,lipidomics,ionomics,Non-invasive Micro-test Technology(NMT),and transcriptomics,we established that NADPH-dependent H_(2)O_(2)induced by salt stress in the roots was indispensable for maintaining the balance of the aging hormone,jasmonic acid(JA),and sodium ion homeostasis within this halophytic plant.Finally,by utilizing AtrbohD Arabidopsis mutants and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGs)in Paspalum vaginatum,we demonstrated the pivotal role played by root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in upholding JA homeostasis and regulating JA-triggered leaf senescence in P.vaginatum.This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms that govern plant leaf senescence and its response to salinity-induced stress.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effects of tissue-bone homeostasis manipulation(TBHM)on peripatellar biomechanical parameters and knee joint function in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)patients.METHODS Sixty patient...OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effects of tissue-bone homeostasis manipulation(TBHM)on peripatellar biomechanical parameters and knee joint function in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)patients.METHODS Sixty patients with KOA(Kellgren-Lawrence gradeⅡ-Ⅲ)were recruited from the Acupuncture-Moxibustion Rehabilitation Department,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine between October 2024 and May 2025.Participants were randomized into a TBHM group(n=30)or a transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation(TENS)group(n=30).Using two-way repeated measures ANOVA,biomechanical indicators,including rectus femoris tension,vastus medialis tension,vastus lateralis tension,patellar ligament tension,lateral patellar displacement(LPD),medial patellar displacement(MPD),normalized patellar mobility(LPD/patellar width[PW],MPD/PW),knee flexion range of motion,and functional indicators,including KOOS subscales,time up and go test(TUGT),were compared between groups at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention.RESULTS After intervention,all biomechanical and knee joint function indicators in the TBHM group were significantly improved(P<0.05,P<0.01),while only the vastus medialis tension,TUGT and KOOS Pain,ADL and QoL scores in the control group were significantly improved(P<0.01).The improvement amplitudes of biomechanical indicators in the TBHM group,including rectus femoris tension,vastus lateralis tension,patellar ligament tension,MPD/PW,LPD/PW and knee flexion range of motion were better than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).In the functional evaluation,the interaction effects of the TBHM group in all dimensions of the KOOS score and TUGT were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).Post-hoc simple effect analysis confirmed that there were significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups after intervention(P<0.05),and all indicators showed a significant main effect of time(P<0.01),suggesting that the intervention measures had continuous and cumulative curative effects.CONCLUSION TBHM effectively improves joint function and quality of life in KOA patients by restoring dynamic equilibrium in soft tissue tension and patellar mobility,ultimately achieving the therapeutic goal of concurrent tissue-bone management.展开更多
The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secr...The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.展开更多
The skeleton is innervated by different types of nerves and receives signaling from the nervous system to maintain homeostasis and facilitate regeneration or repair.Although the role of peripheral nerves and signals i...The skeleton is innervated by different types of nerves and receives signaling from the nervous system to maintain homeostasis and facilitate regeneration or repair.Although the role of peripheral nerves and signals in regulating bone homeostasis has been extensively investigated,the intimate relationship between the central nervous system and bone remains less understood,yet it has emerged as a hot topic in the bone field.In this review,we discussed clinical observations and animal studies that elucidate the connection between the nervous system and bone metabolism,either intact or after injury.First,we explored mechanistic studies linking specific brain nuclei with bone homeostasis,including the ventromedial hypothalamus,arcuate nucleus,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,amygdala,and locus coeruleus.We then focused on the characteristics of bone innervation and nerve subtypes,such as sensory,sympathetic,and parasympathetic nerves.Moreover,we summarized the molecular features and regulatory functions of these nerves.Finally,we included available translational approaches that utilize nerve function to improve bone homeostasis and promote bone regeneration.Therefore,considering the nervous system within the context of neuromusculoskeletal interactions can deepen our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and repair process,ultimately benefiting future clinical translation.展开更多
Bone repair and regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types,which need to precisely mediated for effective healing post-damage.The concept of osteoimmunology emphasizes the exte...Bone repair and regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types,which need to precisely mediated for effective healing post-damage.The concept of osteoimmunology emphasizes the extensive and intricate crosstalk between the bone and the immune system.Despite the significant advancements in understanding osteoimmunology,the precise role of dendritic cells(DCs)in this field remains under investigation.As key antigen-presenting cells,DCs are critical in orchestrating adaptive immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis.Recent researches have further revealed the potential of DCs to influence the development or acceleration of inflammatory and autoimmune bone disease,as well as their interaction with skeletal cells in the context of bone repair and regeneration.展开更多
Neural EGFL-like 2(NELL2)is a secreted protein known for its regulatory functions in the nervous and reproductive systems,yet its role in bone biology remains unexplored.In this study,we observed that NELL2 was dimini...Neural EGFL-like 2(NELL2)is a secreted protein known for its regulatory functions in the nervous and reproductive systems,yet its role in bone biology remains unexplored.In this study,we observed that NELL2 was diminished in the bone of aged and ovariectomized(OVX)mice,as well as in the serum of osteopenia and osteoporosis patients.In vitro loss-of-function and gain-offunction studies revealed that NELL2 facilitated osteoblast differentiation and impeded adipocyte differentiation from stromal progenitor cells.In vivo studies further demonstrated that the deletion of NELL2 in preosteoblasts resulted in decreased cancellous bone mass in mice.Mechanistically,NELL2 interacted with the FNI-type domain located at the C-terminus of Fibronectin 1(Fn1).Moreover,we found that NELL2 activated the focal adhesion kinase(FAK)/AKT signaling pathway through Fn1/integrinβ1(ITGB1),leading to the promotion of osteogenesis and the inhibition of adipogenesis.Notably,administration of NELL2-AAV was found to ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice.These findings underscore the significant role of NELL2 in osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for managing osteoporosis.展开更多
Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic p...Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the possible targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in NLRP3/IFITM3/γ-secretase pathway through regulating iron homeostasis and the potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer s disease(AD).[Methods]Fi...[Objectives]To explore the possible targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in NLRP3/IFITM3/γ-secretase pathway through regulating iron homeostasis and the potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer s disease(AD).[Methods]Firstly,the active components and related targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were predicted in the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and the targets of AD were collected from Genecards,OMIM and MalaCards databases.Genes inhibiting iron homeostasis were obtained from the ferroptosis Database(FerrDB).Then,Huanglian Jiedu Decoction the interactive genes of the active component target,the AD target and the iron homeostasis target.Next,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of interactive genes was constructed,and the software Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to visualize and screen out the key active components and target genes.Finally,Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed.[Results]A total of 51 Huanglian Jiedu Decoction components and 247 potential protein targets were identified,including 1942 AD targets,369 iron homeostasis regulatory genes,and 18 intersection targets.Eleven key targets including CDKN2A,MAPK1,TGFβ1,MAPK14,TP53,EGFR,GSK3β,PTEN,HIF1α,HMOX1 and PRKCαwere identified by PPI network analysis.[Conclusions]In the regulation of iron homeostasis in AD by Huanglian Jiedu Decoction,CDKN2A,MAPK1,TGFβ1,MAPK14,TP53,EGFR,GSK3β,PTEN,HIF1α,HMOX1 and PRKCαmay be involved,involving ErbB signaling pathway,endocrine resistance signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway and so on.展开更多
Ochratoxin A(OTA),a secondary fungal metabolite known for its nephrotoxic effects,is widespread in various foods and animal feeds.Our recent investigation suggests a correlation between OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and ...Ochratoxin A(OTA),a secondary fungal metabolite known for its nephrotoxic effects,is widespread in various foods and animal feeds.Our recent investigation suggests a correlation between OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and sigma-1 receptor(Sig-1R)-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in human proximal tubule epithelial-originated kidney-2(HK-2)cells.However,the involvement of Sig-1R in OTA-induced nephrotoxicity,encompassing other forms of regulated cell death like ferroptosis,remains unexplored.In this research,cell viability,apoptotic rate,cholesterol levels,mitochondrial glutathione(mGSH)levels,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and protein expressions in HK-2 cells treated with OTA and/or blarcamesine hydrochloride(Anavex 2-73)were evaluated.The results suggest that OTA induces mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sig-1R,subsequently promoting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,GRAM domain-containing protein 1B,steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,mitochondrial,78 kDa glucose-regulated protein,CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,cyclophilin D,cleaved-caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein,and long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4,inhibiting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1,mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein,B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1,and glutathione peroxidase 4,reducing mGSH levels,and increasing total cholesterol,mitochondrial cholesterol,and ROS levels.In conclusion,OTA induces mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sig-1R,thereby disrupting redox and cholesterol homeostasis in vitro.The regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by Sig-1R and its involvement in OTA-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis are reported here for the first time.展开更多
Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary d...Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD).Disruptions in microbial balance during RV infections can impair immune homeostasis and worsen disease outcomes.Recent studies emphasize RV-induced regulation of antiviral defenses,cytokine production,and immune tolerance.This review explores the interplay between RV,the immune system,and microbiota,highlighting the importance of these interactions in guiding effective therapies for respiratory in-fections.It advances existing literature by considering microbiota-mediated therapies as a novel approach to managing RV exacerbations in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.展开更多
Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acry...Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.展开更多
Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To addres...Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To address this issue,three tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)genotypes with varying endogenous ABA concentrations(wild-type AC,ABA-deficient mutant flacca and ABA-overproduction line SP5)were grown in pots under ambient(400μmol·mol^(-1))or elevated(800μmol·mol^(-1))CO_(2)with or without the addition of 100 mmol·L-1sodium chloride(NaCl).The results showed that e[CO_(2)]favored ion homeostasis by decreasing root-to-shoot delivery of Na^(+),which was mainly attributed to lowered transpiration rate rather than altered xylem-sap Na^(+)concentration.In AC and SP5,the low transpiration rate of e[CO_(2)]-plants under salinity was accompanied by enhanced endogenous ABA levels,which might play a role in upregulating the abundance of specific transcripts related to Na^(+)homeostasis(i.e.,SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE)under salt stress.In flacca,e[CO_(2)]-induced Na^(+)homeostasis was abolished,which could be ascribed to the low and unaltered ABA levels,albeit the ethylene biosynthesis was enhanced in flacca under salt stress,indicating an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene.Furthermore,e[CO_(2)]inhibited ethylene biosynthesis under salt stress in all three genotypes.The results enrich our comprehension of the fundamental processes of e[CO_(2)]-conferred salt tolerance in tomato.展开更多
基金the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301864 and 32472114)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2025QC16 and Y2025CG06)。
文摘Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.
文摘Mitochondria are the central organelles that allow eukaryotic cells to efficiently convert nutrients into energy for cellular functions such as anabolic reactions,movement,and regulation.A reduction in the number of mitochondria or the occurrence of dysfunctional mitochondria leads to serious diseases such as the Leigh syndrome.However,such changes have also been connected to Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and many more diseases of different organ systems and occur during the aging process.Mitochondria are,therefore.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371153(to YS)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2021MH378,ZR2022QH073(to LC)+1 种基金the Shandong Society of Geriatric Science and Technology Project,No.LKJGG2021Z020(to YS)the Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Development Project,Nos.2022YD009,2023YD050。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.
文摘Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
文摘Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32300327).
文摘Bitter Pit(BP)is a prevalent physiological disorder in apple that significantly reduces fruit quality and market value.While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying BP occurrence,the molecular processes,particularly the role of the Ca^(2+)/H^(+)exchanger(CAX),remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the function of the MdCAX5 gene in relation to BP development.To achieve this,we utilized transient transformation in apple,as well as stable transformation in Arabidopsis and tomato,to measure the mineral content in transgenic plants,thereby validating the function of MdCAX5.The overexpression of the MdCAX5 gene significantly reduced calcium(Ca)content in plants and disrupted the mineral element balance within the plant.Analysis of the MdCAX5 gene promoter revealed that Ca^(2+)can enhance promoter activity,indicating that the MdCAX5 gene can effectively respond to Ca signaling.Transcriptomic analysis of tomato plants stably overexpressing the MdCAX5 gene revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in Ca signal transduction and transport,which in turn impacted the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways within the plants.These changes resulted in a reduction in Ca content,imbalanced Ca distribution,increased hydrolase activity,and disrupted cellular structures,including compromised organelles,cellular membranes,and membrane components.These disruptions culminated in the manifestation of Ca deficiency symptoms in the plants.This study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of apple BP disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program,China(Grant No.2022YFD1201505)the Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Open Project,China(Grant No.2023LYKF02)+1 种基金the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202306)the Sichuan Provincial Financial Independent Innovation Project,China(Grant No.2022ZZCX001).
文摘The NRAMP(natural resistance-associated macrophage protein)family plays a pivotal role in metal ion transport,regulating both essential micronutrient uptake and toxic heavy metal accumulation in plants.In rice(Oryza sativa),OsNRAMP transporters critically influence metal homeostasis,stress adaptation,and grain safety.Among them,OsNRAMP5 serves as a major entry point for cadmium(Cd)and manganese(Mn)uptake,making it a prime target for low-Cd rice breeding.However,knockout of OsNRAMP5 leads to severe Mn deficiency,highlighting the need for precise genetic modifications(e.g.,OsNRAMP5-Q337K),which reduce Cd accumulation while maintaining Mn nutrition.Additionally,OsNRAMP1 and OsNRAMP2 contribute to Cd translocation and plant immunity,whereas OsNRAMP3/4/6/7 participate in Mn,iron,and zinc distribution and stress responses.This review systematically summarizes the structural,functional,and regulatory mechanisms of OsNRAMPs,emphasizing their roles in metal transport,pathogen resistance,and abiotic stress adaptation.Furthermore,we discuss strategies for developing low-Cd rice varieties,including QTL-based breeding,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing,and multi-gene stacking approaches.Finally,we outline future research directions,such as structural engineering of metal-binding sites and field validation of engineered rice lines,to ensure sustainable rice production in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
基金supported by the Project funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No.322QN248)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32401488,32060409,32371782 and 32460358)+3 种基金the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(Grant No.KJRC 2023C21)the Hainan High-level Talents Project(Grant No.321RC475)Collaborative Innovation Center Project of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture in Hainan University(XTCX2022NYB08)Collaborative Innovation Center Project of Ecological Civilization in Hainan University(XTCX2022STC10).
文摘Improving salt tolerance and mitigating senescence in the presence of high salinity are crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity.Previous research has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),specifically H_(2)O_(2)derived from roots and mediated by the respiratory burst oxidase homolog(NADPH),plays a significant role in regulating ion and plant hormone homeostasis in glycophytic plants,such as Arabidopsis.However,the extent to which root-derived H_(2)O_(2)fulfils similar functions in halophytic plants remains uncertain.Therefore,our study aimed to explore the potential contribution of root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in delaying leaf senescence induced by high salinity,utilizing seashore paspalum as a model halophytic plant.The application of the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor DPI,coupled with a series of leaf senescence analyses,we revealed that root-derived H_(2)O_(2)significantly retards salt-induced leaf senescence.Furthermore,through the application of hormone analysis,lipidomics,ionomics,Non-invasive Micro-test Technology(NMT),and transcriptomics,we established that NADPH-dependent H_(2)O_(2)induced by salt stress in the roots was indispensable for maintaining the balance of the aging hormone,jasmonic acid(JA),and sodium ion homeostasis within this halophytic plant.Finally,by utilizing AtrbohD Arabidopsis mutants and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGs)in Paspalum vaginatum,we demonstrated the pivotal role played by root-sourced H_(2)O_(2)in upholding JA homeostasis and regulating JA-triggered leaf senescence in P.vaginatum.This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms that govern plant leaf senescence and its response to salinity-induced stress.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effects of tissue-bone homeostasis manipulation(TBHM)on peripatellar biomechanical parameters and knee joint function in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)patients.METHODS Sixty patients with KOA(Kellgren-Lawrence gradeⅡ-Ⅲ)were recruited from the Acupuncture-Moxibustion Rehabilitation Department,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine between October 2024 and May 2025.Participants were randomized into a TBHM group(n=30)or a transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation(TENS)group(n=30).Using two-way repeated measures ANOVA,biomechanical indicators,including rectus femoris tension,vastus medialis tension,vastus lateralis tension,patellar ligament tension,lateral patellar displacement(LPD),medial patellar displacement(MPD),normalized patellar mobility(LPD/patellar width[PW],MPD/PW),knee flexion range of motion,and functional indicators,including KOOS subscales,time up and go test(TUGT),were compared between groups at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention.RESULTS After intervention,all biomechanical and knee joint function indicators in the TBHM group were significantly improved(P<0.05,P<0.01),while only the vastus medialis tension,TUGT and KOOS Pain,ADL and QoL scores in the control group were significantly improved(P<0.01).The improvement amplitudes of biomechanical indicators in the TBHM group,including rectus femoris tension,vastus lateralis tension,patellar ligament tension,MPD/PW,LPD/PW and knee flexion range of motion were better than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).In the functional evaluation,the interaction effects of the TBHM group in all dimensions of the KOOS score and TUGT were statistically significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).Post-hoc simple effect analysis confirmed that there were significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups after intervention(P<0.05),and all indicators showed a significant main effect of time(P<0.01),suggesting that the intervention measures had continuous and cumulative curative effects.CONCLUSION TBHM effectively improves joint function and quality of life in KOA patients by restoring dynamic equilibrium in soft tissue tension and patellar mobility,ultimately achieving the therapeutic goal of concurrent tissue-bone management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471593 to J.M.32330047 and 31930057 to F.W.+2 种基金and 82071970 to Y.W.and 82072506 to Y.L.)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province(2023AFA109 to Y.W.)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB963 to Q.R.).
文摘The muscular system plays a critical role in the human body by governing skeletal movement,cardiovascular function,and the activities of digestive organs.Additionally,muscle tissues serve an endocrine function by secreting myogenic cytokines,thereby regulating metabolism throughout the entire body.Maintaining muscle function requires iron homeostasis.Recent studies suggest that disruptions in iron metabolism and ferroptosis,a form of iron-dependent cell death,are essential contributors to the progression of a wide range of muscle diseases and disorders,including sarcopenia,cardiomyopathy,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Thus,a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis in these conditions is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for disease treatment and/or prevention.This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in the context of muscle injury,as well as associated muscle diseases and disorders.Moreover,we discuss potential targets within the ferroptosis pathway and possible strategies for managing muscle disorders.Finally,we shed new light on current limitations and future prospects for therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis.
基金supported by the Health&Medical Research Fund(18190481)the General Research Fund(14120520).
文摘The skeleton is innervated by different types of nerves and receives signaling from the nervous system to maintain homeostasis and facilitate regeneration or repair.Although the role of peripheral nerves and signals in regulating bone homeostasis has been extensively investigated,the intimate relationship between the central nervous system and bone remains less understood,yet it has emerged as a hot topic in the bone field.In this review,we discussed clinical observations and animal studies that elucidate the connection between the nervous system and bone metabolism,either intact or after injury.First,we explored mechanistic studies linking specific brain nuclei with bone homeostasis,including the ventromedial hypothalamus,arcuate nucleus,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,amygdala,and locus coeruleus.We then focused on the characteristics of bone innervation and nerve subtypes,such as sensory,sympathetic,and parasympathetic nerves.Moreover,we summarized the molecular features and regulatory functions of these nerves.Finally,we included available translational approaches that utilize nerve function to improve bone homeostasis and promote bone regeneration.Therefore,considering the nervous system within the context of neuromusculoskeletal interactions can deepen our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and repair process,ultimately benefiting future clinical translation.
基金supported by the“Pioneer and Leading Goose+X”research and development program of Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department(2024C03193)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271026)Start-up Fund of Stomatology Hospital,School of Stomatology,Zhejiang University School of Medicine(2023PDF017).
文摘Bone repair and regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types,which need to precisely mediated for effective healing post-damage.The concept of osteoimmunology emphasizes the extensive and intricate crosstalk between the bone and the immune system.Despite the significant advancements in understanding osteoimmunology,the precise role of dendritic cells(DCs)in this field remains under investigation.As key antigen-presenting cells,DCs are critical in orchestrating adaptive immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis.Recent researches have further revealed the potential of DCs to influence the development or acceleration of inflammatory and autoimmune bone disease,as well as their interaction with skeletal cells in the context of bone repair and regeneration.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272444,81972031,81972033)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722382)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK-032A)。
文摘Neural EGFL-like 2(NELL2)is a secreted protein known for its regulatory functions in the nervous and reproductive systems,yet its role in bone biology remains unexplored.In this study,we observed that NELL2 was diminished in the bone of aged and ovariectomized(OVX)mice,as well as in the serum of osteopenia and osteoporosis patients.In vitro loss-of-function and gain-offunction studies revealed that NELL2 facilitated osteoblast differentiation and impeded adipocyte differentiation from stromal progenitor cells.In vivo studies further demonstrated that the deletion of NELL2 in preosteoblasts resulted in decreased cancellous bone mass in mice.Mechanistically,NELL2 interacted with the FNI-type domain located at the C-terminus of Fibronectin 1(Fn1).Moreover,we found that NELL2 activated the focal adhesion kinase(FAK)/AKT signaling pathway through Fn1/integrinβ1(ITGB1),leading to the promotion of osteogenesis and the inhibition of adipogenesis.Notably,administration of NELL2-AAV was found to ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice.These findings underscore the significant role of NELL2 in osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for managing osteoporosis.
基金supported by projects from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Major Science and Technology"Revealing the List and Taking Command"Project(2023AB078)the Ministry of Science and Technology High-end Foreign Expert Project(G2023014066L)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Special Project(NCG202232).
文摘Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160832)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2022GXNSFAA035603&2017GXNSFAA198255)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience,Guilin Medical University(GKLBCN-202206-02)the Fourth Training Plan of Thousands of Young and Mid-aged Mainstay Teachers in Guangxi Colleges and Universities.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the possible targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in NLRP3/IFITM3/γ-secretase pathway through regulating iron homeostasis and the potential mechanism of anti-Alzheimer s disease(AD).[Methods]Firstly,the active components and related targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were predicted in the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and the targets of AD were collected from Genecards,OMIM and MalaCards databases.Genes inhibiting iron homeostasis were obtained from the ferroptosis Database(FerrDB).Then,Huanglian Jiedu Decoction the interactive genes of the active component target,the AD target and the iron homeostasis target.Next,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of interactive genes was constructed,and the software Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to visualize and screen out the key active components and target genes.Finally,Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed.[Results]A total of 51 Huanglian Jiedu Decoction components and 247 potential protein targets were identified,including 1942 AD targets,369 iron homeostasis regulatory genes,and 18 intersection targets.Eleven key targets including CDKN2A,MAPK1,TGFβ1,MAPK14,TP53,EGFR,GSK3β,PTEN,HIF1α,HMOX1 and PRKCαwere identified by PPI network analysis.[Conclusions]In the regulation of iron homeostasis in AD by Huanglian Jiedu Decoction,CDKN2A,MAPK1,TGFβ1,MAPK14,TP53,EGFR,GSK3β,PTEN,HIF1α,HMOX1 and PRKCαmay be involved,involving ErbB signaling pathway,endocrine resistance signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway and so on.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3226058782060598)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Program of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(QJJ[2023]019)the Science&Technology Program of Guizhou Province(QKHPTRC-CXTD[2022]014)the Excellent Youth Talents of Zunyi Medical University(17zy-006)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of China(202210661140)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Zunyi Medical University(ZYDC2021110).
文摘Ochratoxin A(OTA),a secondary fungal metabolite known for its nephrotoxic effects,is widespread in various foods and animal feeds.Our recent investigation suggests a correlation between OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and sigma-1 receptor(Sig-1R)-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in human proximal tubule epithelial-originated kidney-2(HK-2)cells.However,the involvement of Sig-1R in OTA-induced nephrotoxicity,encompassing other forms of regulated cell death like ferroptosis,remains unexplored.In this research,cell viability,apoptotic rate,cholesterol levels,mitochondrial glutathione(mGSH)levels,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and protein expressions in HK-2 cells treated with OTA and/or blarcamesine hydrochloride(Anavex 2-73)were evaluated.The results suggest that OTA induces mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sig-1R,subsequently promoting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase,GRAM domain-containing protein 1B,steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,mitochondrial,78 kDa glucose-regulated protein,CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,cyclophilin D,cleaved-caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein,and long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4,inhibiting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1,mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein,B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1,and glutathione peroxidase 4,reducing mGSH levels,and increasing total cholesterol,mitochondrial cholesterol,and ROS levels.In conclusion,OTA induces mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis by inhibiting Sig-1R,thereby disrupting redox and cholesterol homeostasis in vitro.The regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by Sig-1R and its involvement in OTA-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and ferroptosis are reported here for the first time.
文摘Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD).Disruptions in microbial balance during RV infections can impair immune homeostasis and worsen disease outcomes.Recent studies emphasize RV-induced regulation of antiviral defenses,cytokine production,and immune tolerance.This review explores the interplay between RV,the immune system,and microbiota,highlighting the importance of these interactions in guiding effective therapies for respiratory in-fections.It advances existing literature by considering microbiota-mediated therapies as a novel approach to managing RV exacerbations in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976156)。
文摘Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.
基金supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘Soil salinity hampers plant performance.Elevated atmospheric CO_(2)(e[CO_(2)])could alleviate the detrimental effect of salinity on plants but whether abscisic acid(ABA)is involved in this process is unclear.To address this issue,three tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)genotypes with varying endogenous ABA concentrations(wild-type AC,ABA-deficient mutant flacca and ABA-overproduction line SP5)were grown in pots under ambient(400μmol·mol^(-1))or elevated(800μmol·mol^(-1))CO_(2)with or without the addition of 100 mmol·L-1sodium chloride(NaCl).The results showed that e[CO_(2)]favored ion homeostasis by decreasing root-to-shoot delivery of Na^(+),which was mainly attributed to lowered transpiration rate rather than altered xylem-sap Na^(+)concentration.In AC and SP5,the low transpiration rate of e[CO_(2)]-plants under salinity was accompanied by enhanced endogenous ABA levels,which might play a role in upregulating the abundance of specific transcripts related to Na^(+)homeostasis(i.e.,SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE)under salt stress.In flacca,e[CO_(2)]-induced Na^(+)homeostasis was abolished,which could be ascribed to the low and unaltered ABA levels,albeit the ethylene biosynthesis was enhanced in flacca under salt stress,indicating an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene.Furthermore,e[CO_(2)]inhibited ethylene biosynthesis under salt stress in all three genotypes.The results enrich our comprehension of the fundamental processes of e[CO_(2)]-conferred salt tolerance in tomato.
