Plants interact with a complex network of microorganisms,forming a dynamic holobiont that is crucial for their health,growth,and adaptation.This interconnected system is deeply influenced by environmental factors,whic...Plants interact with a complex network of microorganisms,forming a dynamic holobiont that is crucial for their health,growth,and adaptation.This interconnected system is deeply influenced by environmental factors,which modulate the relationships within the plant microbiome.Key environmental drivers such as light,temperature,and moisture can alter the balance of these interactions,impacting plant immunity,resilience,and overall fitness.The traditional disease triangle model,which emphasizes plant-pathogen-environment interactions,is enhanced by incorporating the role of the microbiome,revealing how microbial communities contribute to disease outcomes.This review highlights the importance of shifting focus from studying plants in isolation to embracing an integrated approach that accounts for the intricate interactions between plants,microbes,and their surrounding environments.Comprehending these interactions is pivotal as we explore new approaches,including advanced sequencing technologies and microbiome engineering,to optimize plant-microbe relationships for improved crop resilience.These insights are vital for developing sustainable agricultural practices to address the impacts of climate change and other environmental challenges.展开更多
Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep-sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected.However,the degree of influence and underlying mechan...Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep-sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected.However,the degree of influence and underlying mechanisms are hardly investigated.Here,we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses between in situ and onboard fixed gills and between in situ and onboard fixed mantles of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis to assess the effects of incidental sampling stress.Results showed that transcription,translation,and energy metabolism were upregulated in onboard fixed gills and mantles,thereby mobilizing rapid gene expression to tackle the stress.Autophagy and phagocytosis that related to symbiotic interactions between the host and endosymbiont were downregulated in the onboard fixed gills.These findings demonstrated that symbiotic gill and nonsymbiotic mantle responded differently to sampling stress,and symbiosis in the gill was perturbed.Further comparative metatranscriptomic analysis between in situ and onboard fixed gills revealed that stress response genes,peptidoglycan biosynthesis,and methane fixation were upregulated in the onboard fixed endosymbiotic Gammaproteobacteria inside the gills,implying that energy metabolism of the endosymbiont was increased to cope with sampling stress.Furthermore,comparative analysis between the mussel G.haimaensis and the limpet Bathyacmaea lactea transcriptomes resultedidentified six transcription factor orthologs upregulated in both onboard fixed mussel mantles and limpets,including sharply increased early growth response protein 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5.They potentially play key roles in initiating the response of sampled deep-sea macrobenthos to sampling stress.Our results clearly show that in situ fixed biological samples are vital for studying deep-sea environmental adaptation.展开更多
Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics ...Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping,relay,and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.This review introduces the concept of crop diversity,considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity,and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.Recently,the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.Further,understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.Recent advances in the agricultural systems include:(i)a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes;(ii)ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions;and(iii)the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.展开更多
The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganism...The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R021-D1-2024-a00)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(Ho-Seok Lee).
文摘Plants interact with a complex network of microorganisms,forming a dynamic holobiont that is crucial for their health,growth,and adaptation.This interconnected system is deeply influenced by environmental factors,which modulate the relationships within the plant microbiome.Key environmental drivers such as light,temperature,and moisture can alter the balance of these interactions,impacting plant immunity,resilience,and overall fitness.The traditional disease triangle model,which emphasizes plant-pathogen-environment interactions,is enhanced by incorporating the role of the microbiome,revealing how microbial communities contribute to disease outcomes.This review highlights the importance of shifting focus from studying plants in isolation to embracing an integrated approach that accounts for the intricate interactions between plants,microbes,and their surrounding environments.Comprehending these interactions is pivotal as we explore new approaches,including advanced sequencing technologies and microbiome engineering,to optimize plant-microbe relationships for improved crop resilience.These insights are vital for developing sustainable agricultural practices to address the impacts of climate change and other environmental challenges.
基金supported by grants from the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(2019B030302004)the PI project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(2021HJ01)+1 种基金the Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(SMSEGL24SC01)GRF and CRF from the HKSAR government(16101822 and C2013-22G).
文摘Acute environmental changes cause stress during conventional deep-sea biological sampling without in situ fixation and affect gene expressions of samples collected.However,the degree of influence and underlying mechanisms are hardly investigated.Here,we conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses between in situ and onboard fixed gills and between in situ and onboard fixed mantles of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis to assess the effects of incidental sampling stress.Results showed that transcription,translation,and energy metabolism were upregulated in onboard fixed gills and mantles,thereby mobilizing rapid gene expression to tackle the stress.Autophagy and phagocytosis that related to symbiotic interactions between the host and endosymbiont were downregulated in the onboard fixed gills.These findings demonstrated that symbiotic gill and nonsymbiotic mantle responded differently to sampling stress,and symbiosis in the gill was perturbed.Further comparative metatranscriptomic analysis between in situ and onboard fixed gills revealed that stress response genes,peptidoglycan biosynthesis,and methane fixation were upregulated in the onboard fixed endosymbiotic Gammaproteobacteria inside the gills,implying that energy metabolism of the endosymbiont was increased to cope with sampling stress.Furthermore,comparative analysis between the mussel G.haimaensis and the limpet Bathyacmaea lactea transcriptomes resultedidentified six transcription factor orthologs upregulated in both onboard fixed mussel mantles and limpets,including sharply increased early growth response protein 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5.They potentially play key roles in initiating the response of sampled deep-sea macrobenthos to sampling stress.Our results clearly show that in situ fixed biological samples are vital for studying deep-sea environmental adaptation.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2017YFD0200400)
文摘Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens,and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping,relay,and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.This review introduces the concept of crop diversity,considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity,and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.Recently,the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.Further,understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.Recent advances in the agricultural systems include:(i)a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes;(ii)ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions;and(iii)the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122045,41890853,and 42106197)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0401 and GML2019ZD0402)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13020300).
文摘The world’s coral reefs are threatened by the cumulative impacts of global climate change and local stressors.Driven largely by a desire to understand the interactions between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms,and to use this knowledge to eventually improve coral health,interest in coral microbiology and the coral microbiome has increased in recent years.In this review,we summarize the role of the coral microbiome in maintaining a healthy metaorganism by providing nutrients,support for growth and development,protection against pathogens,and mitigation of environmental stressors.We explore the concept of coral microbiome engineering,that is,precise and controlled manipulation of the coral microbiome to aid and enhance coral resilience and tolerance in the changing oceans.Although coral microbiome engineering is clearly in its infancy,several recent breakthroughs indicate that such engineering is an effective tool for restoration and preservation of these valuable ecosystems.To assist with identifying future research targets,we have reviewed the common principles of microbiome engineering and its applications in improving human health and agricultural productivity,drawing parallels to where coral microbiome engineering can advance in the not-too-distant future.Finally,we end by discussing the challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in the application of microbiome engineering in coral reefs and provide recommendations for future work.
