Objective To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Beijing, China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participant...Objective To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Beijing, China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participants were users of a popular Chinese gay networking application and had an unknown or negative HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HIV self-testing based on adjusted odds ratio （AOR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Among the 5,996 MSM included in the study, 2,383 （39.7%） reported to have used HIV self-testing kits. Willingness to use an HIV self-test kit in the future was expressed by 92% of the participants. High monthly income （AOR = 1.49; CI = 1.10-2.02; P = 0.010）, large number of male sex partners （≥2： AOR = 1.24; CI = 2.09-1.43; P = 0.002）, sexual activity with commercial male sex partners （〉 2： AOR = 1.94; CI = 1.34 -2.82; P = 0.001）, long-term drug use （AOR = 1.42; CI = 1.23-1.62; P 〈 0.001）, and long-term HIV voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） attendance （AOR = 3.62; CI = 3.11-4.22; P 〈 0.001） were all associated with increased odds of HIV self-testing uptake. Conclusion The nearly 40% rate of HIV self-testing uptake among MSM in our sample was high. In addition, an over 90% willingness to use kits in the future was encouraging. HIV self-testing could be an important solution to help China achieve the global target of having 90% of all people living with HIV diagnosed by 2020.展开更多
Background: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Self-Testing (HIVST) is a process where an individual who wants to know their HIV status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the result by themselves. HIVST da...Background: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Self-Testing (HIVST) is a process where an individual who wants to know their HIV status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the result by themselves. HIVST data from the Zimbabwe AIDS and TB Program (ATP) directorate showed that between 2019-2020, only 31% of the target HIVST kits were distributed in the country. Mashonaland West Province was one of the least performing provinces in meeting targets for HIVST kits distribution. Gaps in the implementation of the HIVST in the province ultimately affect the nationwide scaleup of targeted testing, a key enabler in achieving HIV epidemic control. We analyzed HIVST trends in Mashonaland West Province to inform HIV testing services programming. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using HIVST secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) electronic database. We conducted regression analysis for trends using Epi Info 7.2 and tables, bar graphs, pie charts and linear graphs were used for data presentation. Results: A total of 31,070 clients accessed HIVST kits in Mashonaland West Province from 2019-2020. A slightly higher proportion (50.4% and 51.7%) of females as compared to males accessed HIVST kits in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Overall, an increase in the trend of HIVST kits uptake was recorded (males R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3945, p-value = 0.003 and females R<sup>2</sup> = 0.4739, p-value = 0.001). There was generally a decline in the trend of community-based distribution of HIVST kits from the third quarter of 2019 throughout 2020 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.2441, p-value = 0.006). Primary distribution of HIVST kits remained the dominant method of distribution, constituting more than half of the kits distributed in both 2019 (67%) and 2020 (86%). Conclusion: Mashonaland West Province was mainly utilising facility-based distribution model for HIVST over the community-based distribution model. We recommended training more community-based distribution agents to increase community distribution of HIVST kits.展开更多
Globally, there is increasing evidence that HIV self-testing (HIVST) is commonly practiced among health care workers (HCWs). Although HIVST kits are available in South Africa, their distribution and use remain unregul...Globally, there is increasing evidence that HIV self-testing (HIVST) is commonly practiced among health care workers (HCWs). Although HIVST kits are available in South Africa, their distribution and use remain unregulated and its acceptability, undocumented. The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of HIV self-testing among student nurses, examine their willingness to use self-testing, and evaluate their views on the implementation of a regulated HIV self-testing programme. This was a qualitative explorative study, and six focus group discussions were conducted with 67 student nurses recruited from a private nursing college, in Pretoria, South Africa. Thematic analysis and NVivo10 qualitative software were used for data analysis. The nurses perceived HIVST as an acceptable option for HIV testing and most were willing to self-test. Self-testing will provide confidential and accessible HIV testing services, reduce the stigma associated with the condition, and increase partner testing and disclosure. HIVST is more likely to be practised if self-testing kits are easily accessible and affordable, and there are strategies to educate people before the adoption of HIVST. The lack of pre- and post-test counselling, the risk of inaccurate test results, and lack of strategies for the confirmation of self-testing results were the main arguments against HIVST. The high acceptance of HIVST among nurses suggests that HIVST is a feasible option to increase the uptake of HIV-testing among HCWs. However, pre- and post-test counselling should be considered important components in the implementation of self-testing services. Educational and awareness campaigns should precede the roll-out of the self-testing programs.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)self-testing serves as a crucial strategy for overcoming testing barriers,with urine-based self-testing emerging as a potential novel app...Summary What is already known about this topic?Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)self-testing serves as a crucial strategy for overcoming testing barriers,with urine-based self-testing emerging as a potential novel approach.What is added by this report?In a real-world setting,this study demonstrated that the urine rapid test exhibited lower diagnostic accuracy compared to the blood rapid test.Study participants expressed stronger preferences for HIV self-testing methods utilizing finger prick samples,accompanied by standard written instructions and lower costs.展开更多
目的分析2016—2022年云南省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counselling and testing,VCT)和医疗机构医务人员主动提供人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测咨询(provider initiated HIV testing and counselling,PI...目的分析2016—2022年云南省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counselling and testing,VCT)和医疗机构医务人员主动提供人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测咨询(provider initiated HIV testing and counselling,PITC)发现的HIV感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV感染者/艾滋病患者)特征的差异,为制定艾滋病检测策略提供依据。方法收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中2016年1月1日—2022年12月31日通过VCT和PITC发现的新报告HIV感染者/艾滋病患者。利用非条件logistic回归分析比较不同途径发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的特征、晚发现以及抗病毒治疗情况。结果2016—2022年云南省累计新报告VCT和PITC发现HIV感染者/艾滋病患者56378例,其中,VCT发现11750例(20.84%),PITC发现44628例(79.16%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.80~0.88)、配偶HIV阴性(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.35~0.41)及不清楚配偶HIV感染情况(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.89)者,通过PITC检测发现的可能性高。初中(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.11~1.24)、高中或中专(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.21~1.43)和大专及以上文化程度(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.30~1.57),通过男男同性性行为感染(OR=3.59,95%CI:3.29~3.92)、注射毒品感染(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.42~1.87)及配偶HIV阳性(OR=3.56,95%CI:3.38~3.75)者通过VCT门诊发现感染HIV的可能性高。与VCT相比,PITC中的其他就诊者检测(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.34~1.48)和术前/受血前检测(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.12~1.28)发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者晚发现的比例高,孕产期检测晚发现的比例低(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.60~0.81);与VCT相比,术前/受血(制品)前检测(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.57~0.70)、其他就诊者检测(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.59~0.69)发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗比例更低。结论VCT在早期发现病例、男男同性性行为筛查及抗病毒治疗促进方面有优势;PITC的推广有助于扩大普通人群的检测比例;可针对不同人群制定HIV感染者发现策略,促进早检测、早发现和早治疗。展开更多
目的 基于巨噬细胞自噬探讨参芩龙清肺培元颗粒的作用机制。方法 选择人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部感染痰热壅肺证患者36例,应用流式细胞术检测治疗前后患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,巨噬细...目的 基于巨噬细胞自噬探讨参芩龙清肺培元颗粒的作用机制。方法 选择人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部感染痰热壅肺证患者36例,应用流式细胞术检测治疗前后患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,巨噬细胞亚群CD11b、CD86、CD206的表达及巨噬细胞自噬探针CD11b+DALGreen、CD86+DALGreen、CD206+DALGreen的表达。ELISA法检测治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-10、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1等炎性因子的表达。采用荧光定量PCR法检测治疗前后患者外周血中组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)2 m RNA、Unc-51样激酶1(ULK1)m RNA的表达。结果 治疗后,患者CD11b、CD206、CD11b+DALGreen、CD206+DALGreen、ULK1 m RNA表达明显升高(P<0.05);CD86、TNF-α、IL-1β、HDAC2 m RNA的表达明显下降(P<0.05);CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、IL-10、TGF-β1表达呈上升趋势(P>0.05)。结论 参芩龙清肺培元颗粒可能通过调节HDAC2/ULK1信号轴,促进巨噬细胞自噬,调节M1/M2的平衡,抑制炎症反应,从而发挥治疗HIV/AIDS患者合并肺部感染的作用。展开更多
为实现全球“95-95-95”艾滋病防控目标[1],早期识别与干预急性HIV感染(Acute HIV Infection, AHI)至关重要。AHI是HIV进入人体后、宿主尚未产生可检测抗体之前的一段窗口期,病毒载量极高、传染性极强,且临床症状多不典型,极易被漏诊或...为实现全球“95-95-95”艾滋病防控目标[1],早期识别与干预急性HIV感染(Acute HIV Infection, AHI)至关重要。AHI是HIV进入人体后、宿主尚未产生可检测抗体之前的一段窗口期,病毒载量极高、传染性极强,且临床症状多不典型,极易被漏诊或误诊。然而,该阶段也是防控HIV传播链的“黄金干预期”。展开更多
基金funded by China-US Collaboration on HIV/AIDS(Grant#5U2GGH001153)China National Health&Family Planning Commission(131-16-000-105-02)
文摘Objective To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Beijing, China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participants were users of a popular Chinese gay networking application and had an unknown or negative HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HIV self-testing based on adjusted odds ratio （AOR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Among the 5,996 MSM included in the study, 2,383 （39.7%） reported to have used HIV self-testing kits. Willingness to use an HIV self-test kit in the future was expressed by 92% of the participants. High monthly income （AOR = 1.49; CI = 1.10-2.02; P = 0.010）, large number of male sex partners （≥2： AOR = 1.24; CI = 2.09-1.43; P = 0.002）, sexual activity with commercial male sex partners （〉 2： AOR = 1.94; CI = 1.34 -2.82; P = 0.001）, long-term drug use （AOR = 1.42; CI = 1.23-1.62; P 〈 0.001）, and long-term HIV voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） attendance （AOR = 3.62; CI = 3.11-4.22; P 〈 0.001） were all associated with increased odds of HIV self-testing uptake. Conclusion The nearly 40% rate of HIV self-testing uptake among MSM in our sample was high. In addition, an over 90% willingness to use kits in the future was encouraging. HIV self-testing could be an important solution to help China achieve the global target of having 90% of all people living with HIV diagnosed by 2020.
文摘Background: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Self-Testing (HIVST) is a process where an individual who wants to know their HIV status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the result by themselves. HIVST data from the Zimbabwe AIDS and TB Program (ATP) directorate showed that between 2019-2020, only 31% of the target HIVST kits were distributed in the country. Mashonaland West Province was one of the least performing provinces in meeting targets for HIVST kits distribution. Gaps in the implementation of the HIVST in the province ultimately affect the nationwide scaleup of targeted testing, a key enabler in achieving HIV epidemic control. We analyzed HIVST trends in Mashonaland West Province to inform HIV testing services programming. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using HIVST secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) electronic database. We conducted regression analysis for trends using Epi Info 7.2 and tables, bar graphs, pie charts and linear graphs were used for data presentation. Results: A total of 31,070 clients accessed HIVST kits in Mashonaland West Province from 2019-2020. A slightly higher proportion (50.4% and 51.7%) of females as compared to males accessed HIVST kits in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Overall, an increase in the trend of HIVST kits uptake was recorded (males R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3945, p-value = 0.003 and females R<sup>2</sup> = 0.4739, p-value = 0.001). There was generally a decline in the trend of community-based distribution of HIVST kits from the third quarter of 2019 throughout 2020 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.2441, p-value = 0.006). Primary distribution of HIVST kits remained the dominant method of distribution, constituting more than half of the kits distributed in both 2019 (67%) and 2020 (86%). Conclusion: Mashonaland West Province was mainly utilising facility-based distribution model for HIVST over the community-based distribution model. We recommended training more community-based distribution agents to increase community distribution of HIVST kits.
文摘Globally, there is increasing evidence that HIV self-testing (HIVST) is commonly practiced among health care workers (HCWs). Although HIVST kits are available in South Africa, their distribution and use remain unregulated and its acceptability, undocumented. The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of HIV self-testing among student nurses, examine their willingness to use self-testing, and evaluate their views on the implementation of a regulated HIV self-testing programme. This was a qualitative explorative study, and six focus group discussions were conducted with 67 student nurses recruited from a private nursing college, in Pretoria, South Africa. Thematic analysis and NVivo10 qualitative software were used for data analysis. The nurses perceived HIVST as an acceptable option for HIV testing and most were willing to self-test. Self-testing will provide confidential and accessible HIV testing services, reduce the stigma associated with the condition, and increase partner testing and disclosure. HIVST is more likely to be practised if self-testing kits are easily accessible and affordable, and there are strategies to educate people before the adoption of HIVST. The lack of pre- and post-test counselling, the risk of inaccurate test results, and lack of strategies for the confirmation of self-testing results were the main arguments against HIVST. The high acceptance of HIVST among nurses suggests that HIVST is a feasible option to increase the uptake of HIV-testing among HCWs. However, pre- and post-test counselling should be considered important components in the implementation of self-testing services. Educational and awareness campaigns should precede the roll-out of the self-testing programs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers#71974212,#71774178,#81803334,#72204059)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant number#2020A1515010737)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(grant number#202201010078)the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of the National Science and Technology Major Project(grant number#2018ZX10715004).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)self-testing serves as a crucial strategy for overcoming testing barriers,with urine-based self-testing emerging as a potential novel approach.What is added by this report?In a real-world setting,this study demonstrated that the urine rapid test exhibited lower diagnostic accuracy compared to the blood rapid test.Study participants expressed stronger preferences for HIV self-testing methods utilizing finger prick samples,accompanied by standard written instructions and lower costs.
文摘目的分析2016—2022年云南省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counselling and testing,VCT)和医疗机构医务人员主动提供人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测咨询(provider initiated HIV testing and counselling,PITC)发现的HIV感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV感染者/艾滋病患者)特征的差异,为制定艾滋病检测策略提供依据。方法收集“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中2016年1月1日—2022年12月31日通过VCT和PITC发现的新报告HIV感染者/艾滋病患者。利用非条件logistic回归分析比较不同途径发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的特征、晚发现以及抗病毒治疗情况。结果2016—2022年云南省累计新报告VCT和PITC发现HIV感染者/艾滋病患者56378例,其中,VCT发现11750例(20.84%),PITC发现44628例(79.16%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.80~0.88)、配偶HIV阴性(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.35~0.41)及不清楚配偶HIV感染情况(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.89)者,通过PITC检测发现的可能性高。初中(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.11~1.24)、高中或中专(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.21~1.43)和大专及以上文化程度(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.30~1.57),通过男男同性性行为感染(OR=3.59,95%CI:3.29~3.92)、注射毒品感染(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.42~1.87)及配偶HIV阳性(OR=3.56,95%CI:3.38~3.75)者通过VCT门诊发现感染HIV的可能性高。与VCT相比,PITC中的其他就诊者检测(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.34~1.48)和术前/受血前检测(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.12~1.28)发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者晚发现的比例高,孕产期检测晚发现的比例低(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.60~0.81);与VCT相比,术前/受血(制品)前检测(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.57~0.70)、其他就诊者检测(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.59~0.69)发现的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗比例更低。结论VCT在早期发现病例、男男同性性行为筛查及抗病毒治疗促进方面有优势;PITC的推广有助于扩大普通人群的检测比例;可针对不同人群制定HIV感染者发现策略,促进早检测、早发现和早治疗。
文摘目的 基于巨噬细胞自噬探讨参芩龙清肺培元颗粒的作用机制。方法 选择人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺部感染痰热壅肺证患者36例,应用流式细胞术检测治疗前后患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4^(+)及CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞计数,巨噬细胞亚群CD11b、CD86、CD206的表达及巨噬细胞自噬探针CD11b+DALGreen、CD86+DALGreen、CD206+DALGreen的表达。ELISA法检测治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-10、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1等炎性因子的表达。采用荧光定量PCR法检测治疗前后患者外周血中组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)2 m RNA、Unc-51样激酶1(ULK1)m RNA的表达。结果 治疗后,患者CD11b、CD206、CD11b+DALGreen、CD206+DALGreen、ULK1 m RNA表达明显升高(P<0.05);CD86、TNF-α、IL-1β、HDAC2 m RNA的表达明显下降(P<0.05);CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数、IL-10、TGF-β1表达呈上升趋势(P>0.05)。结论 参芩龙清肺培元颗粒可能通过调节HDAC2/ULK1信号轴,促进巨噬细胞自噬,调节M1/M2的平衡,抑制炎症反应,从而发挥治疗HIV/AIDS患者合并肺部感染的作用。
文摘为实现全球“95-95-95”艾滋病防控目标[1],早期识别与干预急性HIV感染(Acute HIV Infection, AHI)至关重要。AHI是HIV进入人体后、宿主尚未产生可检测抗体之前的一段窗口期,病毒载量极高、传染性极强,且临床症状多不典型,极易被漏诊或误诊。然而,该阶段也是防控HIV传播链的“黄金干预期”。
