The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,t...The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill waste...The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill wastes revalorized through vermicomposting on the aboveground tri-trophic interactions among olive trees(Olea europaea),the olive seed-feeder,Prays oleae,and its natural predator,Chrysoperla carnea,were evaluated.The findings demonstrate that soil nitrogen and organic carbon levels,in conjunction with fungal diversity and functionality within olive roots,exert a significant influence on the volatile compounds emitted by the plant under attack that are most appealing to C.carnea.Moreover,the attractiveness of aerial volatiles was found to correlate with soil organic carbon content and the taxonomic and functional diversity of both bacteria and fungi in the olive root system.It is worthy of note that three particular volatile compounds,namely 5-hepten-2-one-6-methyl,acetic acid and nonanal,were consistently observed to attract C.carnea.These findings highlight the potential of soil amendments to enhance biological control strategies.Future research should prioritise the validation the greenhouse findings through large-scale field trials and the assessment of the practical applications of soil amendments in pest management programmes.展开更多
During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit t...During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies.However,the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize(Zea mays L.) are not well understood.Here,we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer(ACB,Ostrinia furnacalis),a major insect pest of maize,shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings,we identified two substances that explain this behavior:(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene(DMNT) and(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene(TMTT).DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae,and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction.External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize.These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB.Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400700)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2308085MC89)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP)。
文摘The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.
基金supported by grant P20-00139 funded by Consejería de Transformación Económica,Industria,Conocimiento y Universidades,Junta de Andalucía,and by“ERDF A way of making EuropeOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of soil amendments and pest attack on plant-induced defense and their impact on a biological control agent’s behavior.The effects of olive mill wastes revalorized through vermicomposting on the aboveground tri-trophic interactions among olive trees(Olea europaea),the olive seed-feeder,Prays oleae,and its natural predator,Chrysoperla carnea,were evaluated.The findings demonstrate that soil nitrogen and organic carbon levels,in conjunction with fungal diversity and functionality within olive roots,exert a significant influence on the volatile compounds emitted by the plant under attack that are most appealing to C.carnea.Moreover,the attractiveness of aerial volatiles was found to correlate with soil organic carbon content and the taxonomic and functional diversity of both bacteria and fungi in the olive root system.It is worthy of note that three particular volatile compounds,namely 5-hepten-2-one-6-methyl,acetic acid and nonanal,were consistently observed to attract C.carnea.These findings highlight the potential of soil amendments to enhance biological control strategies.Future research should prioritise the validation the greenhouse findings through large-scale field trials and the assessment of the practical applications of soil amendments in pest management programmes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1201803-2)the Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project(202203a06020005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171954 and 32202322)。
文摘During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects,plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests,such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies.However,the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize(Zea mays L.) are not well understood.Here,we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer(ACB,Ostrinia furnacalis),a major insect pest of maize,shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings,we identified two substances that explain this behavior:(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene(DMNT) and(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene(TMTT).DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae,and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction.External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize.These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB.Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.
