A controversial taxon,Hipparion plocodus,is reviewed in the present study.Hi.plocodus has been confirmed to be a valid species with definite diagnostic characteristics,represented by cranial specimens from Baode,Shanx...A controversial taxon,Hipparion plocodus,is reviewed in the present study.Hi.plocodus has been confirmed to be a valid species with definite diagnostic characteristics,represented by cranial specimens from Baode,Shanxi Province.The phylogenetic analysis performed in the present study,with a new matrix,shows that Hi.plocodus forms a monophyletic group with a European species,Hippotherium malpassii.Actually,no close relationship between so-called Hm.malpassii and the genus Hippotherium has been identified,and the record of stratigraphic range of this genus in late stage of Late Miocene is currently absent.Herein previously Hi.plocodus and Hm.malpassii have both attributed into“Hipparion”before the discovery of better material.Evolutionary stages and correlative absolute age showed that these two species should derive independently from some primitive clade.During the late stage of the Late Miocene,the development of the Asian summer monsoon enhanced the humidity of China,with forest and wood habitats expanding considerably under this setting.As the result,one Eurasian closed-habitat lineage thus extended its range into China,which had become very suited for it,give rise to“Hi.”plocodus.展开更多
The faunal ecological type and sequence in the Tertiary red clay indicate that Hipparion fauna during the period 7.4-6.1 Ma in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is composed mainly of dorcadoides and mixed types. ...The faunal ecological type and sequence in the Tertiary red clay indicate that Hipparion fauna during the period 7.4-6.1 Ma in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is composed mainly of dorcadoides and mixed types. This represents semiarid veld environment with small fluctuation. The fossil assemblages characterized by the abundance of gaudryi types and even the occurrence of some Hominoid and Chalicotherium indicate an obviously warm and humid period since 5.3 Ma. The fossil assemblages during 3.4 Ma show the typical steppe fauna representing dry climate. It is indicated by the changes of ecological sequence that the cli-matic conditions in Pliocene are drier than that in late Mio-cene. The clay-skin content of red clay, which has a syn-chronous change with faunal features, is a rather good re-placing palaeoclimatic index.展开更多
A suite of red strata called ’Hipparion red clay’ is widely distributed in North China. There has been a variety of opinions on its genesis, among which the leading. ones are aeolian theory and residual theory. A pr...A suite of red strata called ’Hipparion red clay’ is widely distributed in North China. There has been a variety of opinions on its genesis, among which the leading. ones are aeolian theory and residual theory. A preliminary study on taphonomy of Longjiagou Hipparion Fauna, in Wudu, southern Gansu, has been made and some important conclu-sions have been achieved by the authors. The study provides new evidence for genesis of ’Hipparion red clay’ in the region.展开更多
Over two hundred species of the Hipparion fauna belonging to the Baode Stage havebeen found in more than a hundred localities in China. All of these fossils had beenthought to come from the same horizon by most scient...Over two hundred species of the Hipparion fauna belonging to the Baode Stage havebeen found in more than a hundred localities in China. All of these fossils had beenthought to come from the same horizon by most scientists till the end of the 1950s.Since 1960, the Hipparion fauna has been discovered from different horizons and differentecologic groups, and extensive studies of taxonomy and evolution of some mammals展开更多
文摘A controversial taxon,Hipparion plocodus,is reviewed in the present study.Hi.plocodus has been confirmed to be a valid species with definite diagnostic characteristics,represented by cranial specimens from Baode,Shanxi Province.The phylogenetic analysis performed in the present study,with a new matrix,shows that Hi.plocodus forms a monophyletic group with a European species,Hippotherium malpassii.Actually,no close relationship between so-called Hm.malpassii and the genus Hippotherium has been identified,and the record of stratigraphic range of this genus in late stage of Late Miocene is currently absent.Herein previously Hi.plocodus and Hm.malpassii have both attributed into“Hipparion”before the discovery of better material.Evolutionary stages and correlative absolute age showed that these two species should derive independently from some primitive clade.During the late stage of the Late Miocene,the development of the Asian summer monsoon enhanced the humidity of China,with forest and wood habitats expanding considerably under this setting.As the result,one Eurasian closed-habitat lineage thus extended its range into China,which had become very suited for it,give rise to“Hi.”plocodus.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49972004).
文摘The faunal ecological type and sequence in the Tertiary red clay indicate that Hipparion fauna during the period 7.4-6.1 Ma in the middle reaches of the Yellow River is composed mainly of dorcadoides and mixed types. This represents semiarid veld environment with small fluctuation. The fossil assemblages characterized by the abundance of gaudryi types and even the occurrence of some Hominoid and Chalicotherium indicate an obviously warm and humid period since 5.3 Ma. The fossil assemblages during 3.4 Ma show the typical steppe fauna representing dry climate. It is indicated by the changes of ecological sequence that the cli-matic conditions in Pliocene are drier than that in late Mio-cene. The clay-skin content of red clay, which has a syn-chronous change with faunal features, is a rather good re-placing palaeoclimatic index.
文摘A suite of red strata called ’Hipparion red clay’ is widely distributed in North China. There has been a variety of opinions on its genesis, among which the leading. ones are aeolian theory and residual theory. A preliminary study on taphonomy of Longjiagou Hipparion Fauna, in Wudu, southern Gansu, has been made and some important conclu-sions have been achieved by the authors. The study provides new evidence for genesis of ’Hipparion red clay’ in the region.
文摘Over two hundred species of the Hipparion fauna belonging to the Baode Stage havebeen found in more than a hundred localities in China. All of these fossils had beenthought to come from the same horizon by most scientists till the end of the 1950s.Since 1960, the Hipparion fauna has been discovered from different horizons and differentecologic groups, and extensive studies of taxonomy and evolution of some mammals
