Many genes associated with reproduction show rapid evolution across diverse animal groups, a result commonly due to adaptive evolution driven by positive selection （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）. Different theories ha...Many genes associated with reproduction show rapid evolution across diverse animal groups, a result commonly due to adaptive evolution driven by positive selection （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）. Different theories have been proposed to explain the elevated rates of evolution （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）, including sperm competition, where sperm compete to fertilize eggs leading to the proteins in the sper- matozoa adaptively evolving to increase their ability to fertilize eggs; sexual conflict, where the egg experiences a loss of fitness when sperm are too abundant; sexual selection, where eggs bind sperm carrying adaptive alleles （Palumbi, 1999）; and cryptic female choice （reviewed in Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）.展开更多
The characteristics of a blue light-emitting diode （LED） with a p-InA1GaN hole injection layer （HIL） is analyzed numerically. The simulation results indicate that the newly designed structure presents superior opt...The characteristics of a blue light-emitting diode （LED） with a p-InA1GaN hole injection layer （HIL） is analyzed numerically. The simulation results indicate that the newly designed structure presents superior optical and electrical performance such as an increase in light output power, a reduction in current leakage and alleviation of efficiency droop. These improvements can be attributed to the p-InA1GaN serving as hole injection layers, which can alleviate the band bending induced by the polarization field, thereby improving both the hole injection efficiency and the electron blocking efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31061160189)
文摘Many genes associated with reproduction show rapid evolution across diverse animal groups, a result commonly due to adaptive evolution driven by positive selection （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）. Different theories have been proposed to explain the elevated rates of evolution （Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）, including sperm competition, where sperm compete to fertilize eggs leading to the proteins in the sper- matozoa adaptively evolving to increase their ability to fertilize eggs; sexual conflict, where the egg experiences a loss of fitness when sperm are too abundant; sexual selection, where eggs bind sperm carrying adaptive alleles （Palumbi, 1999）; and cryptic female choice （reviewed in Swanson and Vacquier, 2002）.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61176043)the Special Funds for Strategic and Emerging Industries Projects of Guangdong Province,China (Grant Nos.2010A081002005,2011A081301003,and 2012A080304016)
文摘The characteristics of a blue light-emitting diode （LED） with a p-InA1GaN hole injection layer （HIL） is analyzed numerically. The simulation results indicate that the newly designed structure presents superior optical and electrical performance such as an increase in light output power, a reduction in current leakage and alleviation of efficiency droop. These improvements can be attributed to the p-InA1GaN serving as hole injection layers, which can alleviate the band bending induced by the polarization field, thereby improving both the hole injection efficiency and the electron blocking efficiency.
