The genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock has been characterized by its response to anxiety- and fear-inducing situations, thus leading to the conclusion that they are a rather anxious and passive coping type of ...The genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock has been characterized by its response to anxiety- and fear-inducing situations, thus leading to the conclusion that they are a rather anxious and passive coping type of rats. Taking advantage of these profiles, and knowing that they show very poor performance in the two-way active (shuttle box) escape/avoidance task, we have tested NIH-HS rats (n = 80) in the forced swimming test (FST) as well as we have studied escape response deficits (i.e. response failures) of the same animals in the two-way shuttle box task. They were also tested for anxiety in the elevated zero-maze. The goal of such a study was that of investigating whether there are associations or relationships among helplessness-like or passive coping responses between both models of depression, i.e. the FST and the helplessness-like escape deficits in the shuttle box task. The results for the first time show associations among responses from both depression models and that selecting rats for displaying extreme (active or passive) responses in one of the models predict in a coherent manner (according to the hypothesis) their behaviour in the other model. These findings are discussed in the context of the concurrent validity of both models of depression as well as concerning the possible relevance of NIH-HS rats as a tool for future studies on this field.展开更多
Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in ...Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.展开更多
Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pat...Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pathogenesis.One of the major reasons is the restricted availability of validated animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression.Besides,some core symptoms such as depressed mood,feeling of worthlessness,and recurring thoughts of death or suicide,are impossible to be modeled on laboratory animals.Currently,the criteria for identifying animal models of depression rely on either of the 2 principles：actions of known antidepressants and responses to stress.This review mainly focuses on the most widely used animal models of depression,including learned helplessness,chronic mild stress,and social defeat paradigms.Also,the behavioral tests for screening antidepressants,such as forced swimming test and tail suspension test,are also discussed.The advantages and major drawbacks of each model are evaluated.In prospective,new techniques that will be beneficial for developing novel animal models or detecting depression are discussed.展开更多
To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinica...To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinical trigeminal neuropathic pain. A mouse learned helplessness （LH） model was developed to investigate inescapable footshock-induced psychiatric disorders like depression in humans. Mass spectrometry was used to assess changes in the biomolecules and signaling pathways in the hip- pocampus from TN or LH mice. TN mice developed not only significant mechanical allodynia but also depressive- like behaviors （mainly behavioral despair） at 2 weeks after CION, similar to LH mice. MS analysis demonstrated common and distinctive protein changes in the hippocampus between groups. Many protein function families （such as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, and cell assembly and organization,） and signaling pathways （e.g., the Huntington＇s disease pathway） were involved in chronic neuralgia and depression. Together, these results demonstrated that the LH and TN models both develop depressive-like behaviors, and revealed the involvement of manypsychiatric disorder-related biomolecules/pathways in the pathogenesis of TN and LH.展开更多
Working remotely was an option for the employees before the Covid-19 pandemic.However,it's become a new working format and compulsory for the white collars to work at home.Even if it seems attractive at first look...Working remotely was an option for the employees before the Covid-19 pandemic.However,it's become a new working format and compulsory for the white collars to work at home.Even if it seems attractive at first look,the new format of working style actually has caused lots of problems especially on employees'mental health.The social life,private comfort zone,and working environment of the workers have mixed with each other and the equilibrium among them which gave certainty and predictability is totally broken now.Actually,the employees started to search for a new normal and balance in the pandemic.I am planning to focus on occupational stress that popped up in the pandemic with regard remote working.It is structured to focus on the problems which are the broken balance between work and family,the problem of workload and over-working,the future ambiguity about the career,and miscommunication,to analyze how these problems bring out mental health disorder with giving experiments done by other researchers.In the final part,I will try to give some suggestions on how to get over it or reduce it.展开更多
In This Era Marked by a Pervasive Sense of Powerlessness,What Exactly Is Happening to Us?The most troubling part of this phenomenon is not just the rise of negative symptoms,but that we often can’t identify the true ...In This Era Marked by a Pervasive Sense of Powerlessness,What Exactly Is Happening to Us?The most troubling part of this phenomenon is not just the rise of negative symptoms,but that we often can’t identify the true enemy we need to defeat.As Karl Marx once said,“Problems are the slogans of the times.”Similarly,trending phrases often reflect the cultural climate.In recent years,buzzwords like“Buddha-like mindset”,“involution,”“lying flat,”and“human tool”have gone viral.These terms,in many ways,mirror the symptoms of powerlessness,helplessness,apathy,and meaninglessness that many people today experience.展开更多
基金Supported by grants for the MICINN(SAF2009-10532),“Fundacio La Marato TV3”(ref.092630/31),2009SGR-0051EURATRANS consortium(grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-241504)the Welcome Trust(UK).C.M-C is recipient of a FPI(2010,MICINN)PhD fellowship.
文摘The genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock has been characterized by its response to anxiety- and fear-inducing situations, thus leading to the conclusion that they are a rather anxious and passive coping type of rats. Taking advantage of these profiles, and knowing that they show very poor performance in the two-way active (shuttle box) escape/avoidance task, we have tested NIH-HS rats (n = 80) in the forced swimming test (FST) as well as we have studied escape response deficits (i.e. response failures) of the same animals in the two-way shuttle box task. They were also tested for anxiety in the elevated zero-maze. The goal of such a study was that of investigating whether there are associations or relationships among helplessness-like or passive coping responses between both models of depression, i.e. the FST and the helplessness-like escape deficits in the shuttle box task. The results for the first time show associations among responses from both depression models and that selecting rats for displaying extreme (active or passive) responses in one of the models predict in a coherent manner (according to the hypothesis) their behaviour in the other model. These findings are discussed in the context of the concurrent validity of both models of depression as well as concerning the possible relevance of NIH-HS rats as a tool for future studies on this field.
基金The authors extended their appreciation to Distinguished Scientist Fellowship program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through research supporting project number(RSP2024R131).
文摘Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.
文摘Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pathogenesis.One of the major reasons is the restricted availability of validated animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression.Besides,some core symptoms such as depressed mood,feeling of worthlessness,and recurring thoughts of death or suicide,are impossible to be modeled on laboratory animals.Currently,the criteria for identifying animal models of depression rely on either of the 2 principles：actions of known antidepressants and responses to stress.This review mainly focuses on the most widely used animal models of depression,including learned helplessness,chronic mild stress,and social defeat paradigms.Also,the behavioral tests for screening antidepressants,such as forced swimming test and tail suspension test,are also discussed.The advantages and major drawbacks of each model are evaluated.In prospective,new techniques that will be beneficial for developing novel animal models or detecting depression are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31421091,81471130,31371123 and 31420103903)a Development Project of Shanghai Peak Disciplines Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,China
文摘To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinical trigeminal neuropathic pain. A mouse learned helplessness （LH） model was developed to investigate inescapable footshock-induced psychiatric disorders like depression in humans. Mass spectrometry was used to assess changes in the biomolecules and signaling pathways in the hip- pocampus from TN or LH mice. TN mice developed not only significant mechanical allodynia but also depressive- like behaviors （mainly behavioral despair） at 2 weeks after CION, similar to LH mice. MS analysis demonstrated common and distinctive protein changes in the hippocampus between groups. Many protein function families （such as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, and cell assembly and organization,） and signaling pathways （e.g., the Huntington＇s disease pathway） were involved in chronic neuralgia and depression. Together, these results demonstrated that the LH and TN models both develop depressive-like behaviors, and revealed the involvement of manypsychiatric disorder-related biomolecules/pathways in the pathogenesis of TN and LH.
文摘Working remotely was an option for the employees before the Covid-19 pandemic.However,it's become a new working format and compulsory for the white collars to work at home.Even if it seems attractive at first look,the new format of working style actually has caused lots of problems especially on employees'mental health.The social life,private comfort zone,and working environment of the workers have mixed with each other and the equilibrium among them which gave certainty and predictability is totally broken now.Actually,the employees started to search for a new normal and balance in the pandemic.I am planning to focus on occupational stress that popped up in the pandemic with regard remote working.It is structured to focus on the problems which are the broken balance between work and family,the problem of workload and over-working,the future ambiguity about the career,and miscommunication,to analyze how these problems bring out mental health disorder with giving experiments done by other researchers.In the final part,I will try to give some suggestions on how to get over it or reduce it.
文摘In This Era Marked by a Pervasive Sense of Powerlessness,What Exactly Is Happening to Us?The most troubling part of this phenomenon is not just the rise of negative symptoms,but that we often can’t identify the true enemy we need to defeat.As Karl Marx once said,“Problems are the slogans of the times.”Similarly,trending phrases often reflect the cultural climate.In recent years,buzzwords like“Buddha-like mindset”,“involution,”“lying flat,”and“human tool”have gone viral.These terms,in many ways,mirror the symptoms of powerlessness,helplessness,apathy,and meaninglessness that many people today experience.
