Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigati...Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigation.The primary aim of this study was to use a mouse model and the intrabuccal route for CBD administration to determine the optimal dose at which CBD can penetrate the brain.The secondary aim was to determine whether sex is a confounding factor.Methods:Thirty adult Kramnik mice,divided equally into three groups,were ad-ministered CBD oil intrabuccally at three doses-10,20,and 30 mg/kg,euthanized 6 h later,and whole brain,urine,and blood samples were collected.Liquid chro-matography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the collected samples.Results:CBD and its three metabolites—7-carboxy cannabidiol(7-COOH-CBD),7-hydroxy cannabidiol(7-OH-CBD)and 6-hydroxy cannabidiol(6-OH-CBD),were identified and quantified in all samples.The 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of CBD produced similar results in the brain,but the group given the 10 mg/kg dose had the least vari-ation.The 30 mg/kg dose yielded the highest abundance of CBD and its metabolites in all samples,but also the greatest variation.Sex only became a confounding factor at 30 mg/kg.Conclusions:This study shows that the intrabuccal route of CBD administration is reliable and the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD is recommended in mice because there were good CBD metabolite concentrations in all samples,with the least variation among the doses,and sex was not a confounder at 10 mg/kg.展开更多
超导HEB(Hot Electron Bolometer)热电子混频器是1THz以上灵敏度最高的相干探测器,为了进一步提高其灵敏度,有效减小射频信号在传输路径中的损耗,实现超导HEB混频器的超宽带混频功能,设计高耦合效率的射频匹配电路尤为重要。首先提出了...超导HEB(Hot Electron Bolometer)热电子混频器是1THz以上灵敏度最高的相干探测器,为了进一步提高其灵敏度,有效减小射频信号在传输路径中的损耗,实现超导HEB混频器的超宽带混频功能,设计高耦合效率的射频匹配电路尤为重要。首先提出了混频器耦合电路的理论模型,然后采用三维电磁场仿真软件HFSS和类似于准光学天线的集总源法,设计了一种超宽带、低损耗的太赫兹信号耦合电路,对超导HEB混频器的嵌入阻抗在整个0.9～1.3THz的工作频带范围内进行了详细的分析。系统研究了低通滤波器中高低阻抗线结构,波导到微带转换中存在的高次模对射频信号传输的影响,并模拟仿真了实验中可能出现的磨片厚度误差对嵌入阻抗的影响。分析结果表明,该混频器的嵌入阻抗为35Ω-j10Ω左右,在整个工作频带内变化缓慢,能够实现超宽频带匹配,混频器的相对工作带宽可达到36%,仿真结果和理论模型计算结果完全一致。该研究结果对研制超宽带高灵敏度的超导HEB混频器具有很好的指导意义。展开更多
This paper describes the design and fabrication of superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer based on ultra-thin superconducting NbN films. The high quality films were epitaxially grown on high resistance Si ...This paper describes the design and fabrication of superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer based on ultra-thin superconducting NbN films. The high quality films were epitaxially grown on high resistance Si substrates. The device was fabricated by magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), lithography, and so on. The device's resistance-tempera-ture (R-T) curves and current-voltage (I-V) curves were studied. The results of THz response of the device are presented. Y-factor technique was used to measure the device's noise temperature. When the device was irradiated with a laser radiation of 2.5 THz, the obtained lowest noise temperature of the device was 2213 K.展开更多
Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess ...Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess the genotoxic and phototoxic effects of EHT and HEB.Methods:The genotoxicity of EHT and HEB was assessed using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays,chromosomal aberration assays,and micronucleus assays.Meanwhile,their phototoxicity was evaluated using in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake(NRU)phototoxicity assays and in vivo skin phototoxicity tests.Results:In the bacterial reverse mutation assay,the number of bacterial colonies was not significantly higher in the EHT and HEB groups than in the solvent control group.Similarly,the chromosomal aberration assay revealed no increase in aberration rates after either EHT or HEB treatment.In the micronucleus assay,the frequency of micronuclei was comparable between the treatment and control groups.Finally,based on the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay,both EHT and HEB(photo-irritation factor<2 and mean photo effect value<0.1)were classified as non-phototoxic.The skin phototoxicity test in vivo showed the same results as in vitro.Conclusion:Results from a series of genotoxicity and phototoxicity assays indicate that EHT and HEB possess neither genotoxic nor phototoxic potential.These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the safety of EHT and HEB for topical applications.展开更多
对基于超级电容的混合动力客车(hybrid electric bus,HEB)进行了混合动力传动系多目标参数优化设计。通过CRUISE建立HEB整车仿真模型和传动系多目标参数优化模型,以等效燃油消耗量和加速时间为优化目标,同时运用带精英策略的非支配排序...对基于超级电容的混合动力客车(hybrid electric bus,HEB)进行了混合动力传动系多目标参数优化设计。通过CRUISE建立HEB整车仿真模型和传动系多目标参数优化模型,以等效燃油消耗量和加速时间为优化目标,同时运用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)和iSIGHT优化软件对HEB传动系参数进行多目标优化,并进行了HEB性能仿真分析。结果表明,与优化前相比,优化后的等效燃油消耗量降低了7.8%,连续换挡加速时间减少了6.5%。展开更多
基金National Research Fund of South Africa(grant number:137792).
文摘Background:Cannabidiol(CBD)has numerous therapeutic properties,and is used to treat neurological conditions,such as neuroinflammation.However,the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigation.The primary aim of this study was to use a mouse model and the intrabuccal route for CBD administration to determine the optimal dose at which CBD can penetrate the brain.The secondary aim was to determine whether sex is a confounding factor.Methods:Thirty adult Kramnik mice,divided equally into three groups,were ad-ministered CBD oil intrabuccally at three doses-10,20,and 30 mg/kg,euthanized 6 h later,and whole brain,urine,and blood samples were collected.Liquid chro-matography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the collected samples.Results:CBD and its three metabolites—7-carboxy cannabidiol(7-COOH-CBD),7-hydroxy cannabidiol(7-OH-CBD)and 6-hydroxy cannabidiol(6-OH-CBD),were identified and quantified in all samples.The 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of CBD produced similar results in the brain,but the group given the 10 mg/kg dose had the least vari-ation.The 30 mg/kg dose yielded the highest abundance of CBD and its metabolites in all samples,but also the greatest variation.Sex only became a confounding factor at 30 mg/kg.Conclusions:This study shows that the intrabuccal route of CBD administration is reliable and the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD is recommended in mice because there were good CBD metabolite concentrations in all samples,with the least variation among the doses,and sex was not a confounder at 10 mg/kg.
文摘超导HEB(Hot Electron Bolometer)热电子混频器是1THz以上灵敏度最高的相干探测器,为了进一步提高其灵敏度,有效减小射频信号在传输路径中的损耗,实现超导HEB混频器的超宽带混频功能,设计高耦合效率的射频匹配电路尤为重要。首先提出了混频器耦合电路的理论模型,然后采用三维电磁场仿真软件HFSS和类似于准光学天线的集总源法,设计了一种超宽带、低损耗的太赫兹信号耦合电路,对超导HEB混频器的嵌入阻抗在整个0.9～1.3THz的工作频带范围内进行了详细的分析。系统研究了低通滤波器中高低阻抗线结构,波导到微带转换中存在的高次模对射频信号传输的影响,并模拟仿真了实验中可能出现的磨片厚度误差对嵌入阻抗的影响。分析结果表明,该混频器的嵌入阻抗为35Ω-j10Ω左右,在整个工作频带内变化缓慢,能够实现超宽频带匹配,混频器的相对工作带宽可达到36%,仿真结果和理论模型计算结果完全一致。该研究结果对研制超宽带高灵敏度的超导HEB混频器具有很好的指导意义。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2006CB601006,2007CB310404)High-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2006AA12Z120)
文摘This paper describes the design and fabrication of superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer based on ultra-thin superconducting NbN films. The high quality films were epitaxially grown on high resistance Si substrates. The device was fabricated by magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), lithography, and so on. The device's resistance-tempera-ture (R-T) curves and current-voltage (I-V) curves were studied. The results of THz response of the device are presented. Y-factor technique was used to measure the device's noise temperature. When the device was irradiated with a laser radiation of 2.5 THz, the obtained lowest noise temperature of the device was 2213 K.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600459)National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2016CFB312)+3 种基金Talent Introduction Project of Hubei Polytechnic University(No.15xjz03R)Industry-University Collaboration(No.KY2023-269)Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention Foundation(No.SB202103)Provincial College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202210920011).
文摘Background:Ethylhexyl triazone(EHT)and diethylhexyl butamido triazone(HEB)both belong to the recently developed class of triazine ultraviolet filters.However,their toxicity profiles remain unclear.Objective:To assess the genotoxic and phototoxic effects of EHT and HEB.Methods:The genotoxicity of EHT and HEB was assessed using in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assays,chromosomal aberration assays,and micronucleus assays.Meanwhile,their phototoxicity was evaluated using in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake(NRU)phototoxicity assays and in vivo skin phototoxicity tests.Results:In the bacterial reverse mutation assay,the number of bacterial colonies was not significantly higher in the EHT and HEB groups than in the solvent control group.Similarly,the chromosomal aberration assay revealed no increase in aberration rates after either EHT or HEB treatment.In the micronucleus assay,the frequency of micronuclei was comparable between the treatment and control groups.Finally,based on the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay,both EHT and HEB(photo-irritation factor<2 and mean photo effect value<0.1)were classified as non-phototoxic.The skin phototoxicity test in vivo showed the same results as in vitro.Conclusion:Results from a series of genotoxicity and phototoxicity assays indicate that EHT and HEB possess neither genotoxic nor phototoxic potential.These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the safety of EHT and HEB for topical applications.
文摘对基于超级电容的混合动力客车(hybrid electric bus,HEB)进行了混合动力传动系多目标参数优化设计。通过CRUISE建立HEB整车仿真模型和传动系多目标参数优化模型,以等效燃油消耗量和加速时间为优化目标,同时运用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)和iSIGHT优化软件对HEB传动系参数进行多目标优化,并进行了HEB性能仿真分析。结果表明,与优化前相比,优化后的等效燃油消耗量降低了7.8%,连续换挡加速时间减少了6.5%。
