Objective:To identify the major organic compounds of Artemisia austeralis(A.australis),a plant used in traditional Hawaiian medicine for the treatment of asthma.Methods:The dichloromethane extract of A.australis was a...Objective:To identify the major organic compounds of Artemisia austeralis(A.australis),a plant used in traditional Hawaiian medicine for the treatment of asthma.Methods:The dichloromethane extract of A.australis was analyzed by gas chromatography—mass spectroscopy and major compounds were identified by a National Institute of Standards and Technology library search and confirmed by peak enhancement Results:The major chemical components of A.australis include eucalyptol.borneol,and caryophyllene.Conclusions:The presence and biological activity of eucalyptol correlate very well with the usage of this plant in traditional Hawaiian medicine.展开更多
Intracrystalline distortions(like undulose extinction,dislocations,and subgrain boundaries)in olivine from naturally-deformed peridotites are generally taken as signs of dislocation creep.However,similar features in o...Intracrystalline distortions(like undulose extinction,dislocations,and subgrain boundaries)in olivine from naturally-deformed peridotites are generally taken as signs of dislocation creep.However,similar features in olivine phenocrysts that have been found in basaltic magmas are still not well understood.In particular,whether subgrain boundaries in olivine phenocrysts arise from plastic deformation or grain growth is still debated(in the latter case,they are essentially grain boundaries but not subgrain boundaries.Therefore,we used hereinafter subgrain-boundary-like structures instead of subgrain boundaries to name this kind of intracrystalline distortion).Here we carried out a detailed study on dislocations and subgrainboundary-like(SG-like)structures in olivine phenocrysts from two Hawaiian basaltic lavas by means of petrographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Abundant and complex dislocation substructures(free dislocations,dislocation walls,and dislocation tangles)were observed in the decorated olivine grains,similar to those in olivine from peridotite xenoliths entrained by the Hawaiian basalts.The measured average dislocation density is(2.9±1.3)×1011 m-2,and is three to five orders of magnitude higher than that in laboratory-synthesized,undeformed olivine.TEM observations on samples cut across the SG-like structures by FIB(focused ion beam)demonstrated that this kind of structures is made of an array of dislocations.These observations clearly indicate that these structures are real subgrain boundaries rather than grain boundaries.These facts suggest that the observed high dislocation densities and subgrain boundaries cannot result from crystal crystallization/growth,but can be formed by plastic deformation.These deformation features do not prove that the olivine phenocrysts(and implicitly mantle xenoliths)were deformed after their capture by the basaltic magmas,but can be ascribed to a former deformation event in a dunitic cumulate,which was formed by magmatic fractionation,then plastically deformed,and finally disaggregated and captured by the basaltic magma that brought them to the surface.展开更多
Some volcanic events including flood basalt eruptions and hotspots on earth may strongly be related to (chaotic) Asteroid impacts and (more periodic) near solar system Supernovae explosions. Impacts may define some of...Some volcanic events including flood basalt eruptions and hotspots on earth may strongly be related to (chaotic) Asteroid impacts and (more periodic) near solar system Supernovae explosions. Impacts may define some of the eruption sites and Supernovae, their intensity. The accompanied heat event can lead to a sedimentary basin on top, where a metamorphic process in the lower crust provides a depression at the surface of the earth due to rock volume reduction by water release. The definitely alternating heat event may generally be fixed to the original geographically defined impact site and can certainly last hundreds of Million years. Plate tectonics distribute the relicts of the (tornado like spiraling upwards?) volcanism across the globe. The Hawaiian volcanic hotspot and its possible origin in Northern Australia beginning with the eruptions of Cambrian Antrim flood basalts and a speculative initiating earlier Asteroid impact may act as a further example. Similar to the footprints of astronomical events on climate and life on earth geological processes like volcanism, metamorphism within the earth’s crust and subsequent sedimentary basin development may also be marks of some cosmic influence.展开更多
Dr. Shangping Xie (EPRC, Hawaii University, USA), Dr. W. Timothy Liu (J.P.L. California Institute of Technology, USA), Professor Qinyu Liu (Ocean U-niversity of Qingdao, China) and Masami Nonaka (IPRC, Hawaii Universi...Dr. Shangping Xie (EPRC, Hawaii University, USA), Dr. W. Timothy Liu (J.P.L. California Institute of Technology, USA), Professor Qinyu Liu (Ocean U-niversity of Qingdao, China) and Masami Nonaka (IPRC, Hawaii University, USA) discovered a phe-展开更多
Olivine phenocryst compositions and whole-rock chemical compositions are used to identify primitive picrite basalts from the early part of flood basalt successions in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous pro...Olivine phenocryst compositions and whole-rock chemical compositions are used to identify primitive picrite basalts from the early part of flood basalt successions in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP）, southwestern China. The Fo contents of olivine phenocrysts of komatiites with MgO-21.79 wt% range from 85.2% to 91.4%. The composition of unerupted parental melts is calculated from the compositions of the most Fo-rich olivine phenocrysts. These melts had -22 wt% MgO, and originated in mantle with a potential temperature of -1600℃ and at about 4.2 GPa pressure, supporting the conclusion that the generation of ELIP can be attributed to melting of a plume head beginning at -138 km depth.展开更多
In order to understand the melting processes that occur within recycled oceanic crust and mantle in a heterogeneous plume (e.g., that beneath the Hawaiian Islands), a series of high-pressure-high-temperature layered e...In order to understand the melting processes that occur within recycled oceanic crust and mantle in a heterogeneous plume (e.g., that beneath the Hawaiian Islands), a series of high-pressure-high-temperature layered experiments were performed at 2.9 GPa, 5 GPa, and 8 GPa, from 1300°C to 1650°C, using a fertile peridotite KLB-1 and N-MORB. Our experiments at conditions below the dry peridotite solidus produced melt compositions that ranged from basaltic andesite to tholeiite. An Opx reaction band formed between eclogite and peridotite layers, likely via chemical reaction between a silica-rich eclogite-derived partial melt and olivine in the peridotite matrix. At temperatures at or above the dry peridotite solidus, substantial melting occurred in both basalt and peridotite layers, and fully molten basalt melt and melt pockets from the peridotite layer combined. In our layered experiments, major and minor element contents in reacted melts closely matched those of Hawaiian tholeiite and picrite, except for Fe. Partial melts of anhydrous run products had ~55 - 57 wt% SiO2 at low temperature (i.e., were andesitic) and had ~50 - 53 wt% SiO2 at high temperatures, slightly below the dry peridotite solidus (i.e., were tholeiitic, and similar to those that occur during the Hawaii shield-building stage). Based on the Fe- and LREE-enriched signature in Hawaiian tholeiites, we propose that recycled components in the Hawaiian plume are not modern N-MORB, but are Fe-rich tholeiite;a lithology that was common in the Archaean and early Proterozoic. We have demonstrated that the entire compositional spectrum of Hawaiian tholeiites (basalt to picrite) can be formed by basalt-peridotite reactive melting near the dry solidus of peridotite. Based on these results, we propose that the potential temperature of the sub-Hawaiian plume may be much lower than previously estimated.展开更多
Korean ＂picture brides＂ who migrated to Hawaii a century ago are reborn in stories through literary works produced in 21 st-century Korea and the USA. The literary value of picture bride stories is an important star...Korean ＂picture brides＂ who migrated to Hawaii a century ago are reborn in stories through literary works produced in 21 st-century Korea and the USA. The literary value of picture bride stories is an important starting point for raising awareness of the reality of Korean migration to the US a century ago and for understanding the status of the 20th-century Korean diaspora beyond national borders and cultural boundaries. This study aimed to investigate the historical background of picture brides in Hawaii in the early 20th century so as to research that the life of Korean picture brides was much harder than those of other Asian picture brides. The stories of picture brides, gleaned from various oral narratives, news articles, poems, plays, and novels, not only represent in great detail the patriarchal and nationalistic discourse prevalent in the period in the US on Korean and Asian picture brides, but also provide important details on these women＇s daily living, independent efforts to make new lives in Hawaii, and the transboundary hybrid culture that emerged as a result. The comparative-literary approach of the study also captures the value of the transnationalist thread in the literary works under study.展开更多
基金Supported by the student mentored research fund at Brigham Young University-Hawaii(Grant No.10-634200-7210)
文摘Objective:To identify the major organic compounds of Artemisia austeralis(A.australis),a plant used in traditional Hawaiian medicine for the treatment of asthma.Methods:The dichloromethane extract of A.australis was analyzed by gas chromatography—mass spectroscopy and major compounds were identified by a National Institute of Standards and Technology library search and confirmed by peak enhancement Results:The major chemical components of A.australis include eucalyptol.borneol,and caryophyllene.Conclusions:The presence and biological activity of eucalyptol correlate very well with the usage of this plant in traditional Hawaiian medicine.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41590623,41972231,41872230)。
文摘Intracrystalline distortions(like undulose extinction,dislocations,and subgrain boundaries)in olivine from naturally-deformed peridotites are generally taken as signs of dislocation creep.However,similar features in olivine phenocrysts that have been found in basaltic magmas are still not well understood.In particular,whether subgrain boundaries in olivine phenocrysts arise from plastic deformation or grain growth is still debated(in the latter case,they are essentially grain boundaries but not subgrain boundaries.Therefore,we used hereinafter subgrain-boundary-like structures instead of subgrain boundaries to name this kind of intracrystalline distortion).Here we carried out a detailed study on dislocations and subgrainboundary-like(SG-like)structures in olivine phenocrysts from two Hawaiian basaltic lavas by means of petrographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Abundant and complex dislocation substructures(free dislocations,dislocation walls,and dislocation tangles)were observed in the decorated olivine grains,similar to those in olivine from peridotite xenoliths entrained by the Hawaiian basalts.The measured average dislocation density is(2.9±1.3)×1011 m-2,and is three to five orders of magnitude higher than that in laboratory-synthesized,undeformed olivine.TEM observations on samples cut across the SG-like structures by FIB(focused ion beam)demonstrated that this kind of structures is made of an array of dislocations.These observations clearly indicate that these structures are real subgrain boundaries rather than grain boundaries.These facts suggest that the observed high dislocation densities and subgrain boundaries cannot result from crystal crystallization/growth,but can be formed by plastic deformation.These deformation features do not prove that the olivine phenocrysts(and implicitly mantle xenoliths)were deformed after their capture by the basaltic magmas,but can be ascribed to a former deformation event in a dunitic cumulate,which was formed by magmatic fractionation,then plastically deformed,and finally disaggregated and captured by the basaltic magma that brought them to the surface.
文摘Some volcanic events including flood basalt eruptions and hotspots on earth may strongly be related to (chaotic) Asteroid impacts and (more periodic) near solar system Supernovae explosions. Impacts may define some of the eruption sites and Supernovae, their intensity. The accompanied heat event can lead to a sedimentary basin on top, where a metamorphic process in the lower crust provides a depression at the surface of the earth due to rock volume reduction by water release. The definitely alternating heat event may generally be fixed to the original geographically defined impact site and can certainly last hundreds of Million years. Plate tectonics distribute the relicts of the (tornado like spiraling upwards?) volcanism across the globe. The Hawaiian volcanic hotspot and its possible origin in Northern Australia beginning with the eruptions of Cambrian Antrim flood basalts and a speculative initiating earlier Asteroid impact may act as a further example. Similar to the footprints of astronomical events on climate and life on earth geological processes like volcanism, metamorphism within the earth’s crust and subsequent sedimentary basin development may also be marks of some cosmic influence.
文摘Dr. Shangping Xie (EPRC, Hawaii University, USA), Dr. W. Timothy Liu (J.P.L. California Institute of Technology, USA), Professor Qinyu Liu (Ocean U-niversity of Qingdao, China) and Masami Nonaka (IPRC, Hawaii University, USA) discovered a phe-
文摘Olivine phenocryst compositions and whole-rock chemical compositions are used to identify primitive picrite basalts from the early part of flood basalt successions in the western part of the Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP）, southwestern China. The Fo contents of olivine phenocrysts of komatiites with MgO-21.79 wt% range from 85.2% to 91.4%. The composition of unerupted parental melts is calculated from the compositions of the most Fo-rich olivine phenocrysts. These melts had -22 wt% MgO, and originated in mantle with a potential temperature of -1600℃ and at about 4.2 GPa pressure, supporting the conclusion that the generation of ELIP can be attributed to melting of a plume head beginning at -138 km depth.
文摘In order to understand the melting processes that occur within recycled oceanic crust and mantle in a heterogeneous plume (e.g., that beneath the Hawaiian Islands), a series of high-pressure-high-temperature layered experiments were performed at 2.9 GPa, 5 GPa, and 8 GPa, from 1300°C to 1650°C, using a fertile peridotite KLB-1 and N-MORB. Our experiments at conditions below the dry peridotite solidus produced melt compositions that ranged from basaltic andesite to tholeiite. An Opx reaction band formed between eclogite and peridotite layers, likely via chemical reaction between a silica-rich eclogite-derived partial melt and olivine in the peridotite matrix. At temperatures at or above the dry peridotite solidus, substantial melting occurred in both basalt and peridotite layers, and fully molten basalt melt and melt pockets from the peridotite layer combined. In our layered experiments, major and minor element contents in reacted melts closely matched those of Hawaiian tholeiite and picrite, except for Fe. Partial melts of anhydrous run products had ~55 - 57 wt% SiO2 at low temperature (i.e., were andesitic) and had ~50 - 53 wt% SiO2 at high temperatures, slightly below the dry peridotite solidus (i.e., were tholeiitic, and similar to those that occur during the Hawaii shield-building stage). Based on the Fe- and LREE-enriched signature in Hawaiian tholeiites, we propose that recycled components in the Hawaiian plume are not modern N-MORB, but are Fe-rich tholeiite;a lithology that was common in the Archaean and early Proterozoic. We have demonstrated that the entire compositional spectrum of Hawaiian tholeiites (basalt to picrite) can be formed by basalt-peridotite reactive melting near the dry solidus of peridotite. Based on these results, we propose that the potential temperature of the sub-Hawaiian plume may be much lower than previously estimated.
文摘Korean ＂picture brides＂ who migrated to Hawaii a century ago are reborn in stories through literary works produced in 21 st-century Korea and the USA. The literary value of picture bride stories is an important starting point for raising awareness of the reality of Korean migration to the US a century ago and for understanding the status of the 20th-century Korean diaspora beyond national borders and cultural boundaries. This study aimed to investigate the historical background of picture brides in Hawaii in the early 20th century so as to research that the life of Korean picture brides was much harder than those of other Asian picture brides. The stories of picture brides, gleaned from various oral narratives, news articles, poems, plays, and novels, not only represent in great detail the patriarchal and nationalistic discourse prevalent in the period in the US on Korean and Asian picture brides, but also provide important details on these women＇s daily living, independent efforts to make new lives in Hawaii, and the transboundary hybrid culture that emerged as a result. The comparative-literary approach of the study also captures the value of the transnationalist thread in the literary works under study.
