潜在蒸发作为研究蒸发及区域水循环的重要因素之一,其模拟结果对相关领域的研究应用具有重要影响。利用2000-2009年"黑河流域每日四次常规气象观测数据集"所提供的12个气象站点的潜在蒸发数据,对黑河流域潜在蒸发量进行模拟...潜在蒸发作为研究蒸发及区域水循环的重要因素之一,其模拟结果对相关领域的研究应用具有重要影响。利用2000-2009年"黑河流域每日四次常规气象观测数据集"所提供的12个气象站点的潜在蒸发数据,对黑河流域潜在蒸发量进行模拟。首先针对潜在蒸发的特点,分析影响研究区域潜在蒸发的气象因素、地理及地形因素,使用多项式回归和逐步回归的方法对研究区域潜在蒸发进行了背景趋势模拟,选出影响潜在蒸发的最优影响因素组合,在此基础上采用高精度曲面建模(HASM)方法,结合站点实测数据,对去掉趋势后的残差进行精度修正。本文使用kriging法、IDW法和Spline法插值所得潜在蒸发数据,以及"黑河流域1980-2010年3 km 6 h模拟气象强迫数据"作为对照,比较验证模拟精度。模拟结果表明:HASM方法模拟精度最高,模拟结果分布合理,表明该方法在潜在蒸发模拟中具有应用前景。该方法所得到的潜在蒸发数据可作为基础地理数据供相关研究应用。展开更多
It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the curre...It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling （HASM）, proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country＇s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value （1975-1995）, it mani- fests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this re- search show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a signifi- cant carbon sink.展开更多
Spatial interpolation is an important method in the process of DEM construction. However, DEMs constructed by interpolation methods may induce serious distortion of surface morphology in areas lack of terrain data. In...Spatial interpolation is an important method in the process of DEM construction. However, DEMs constructed by interpolation methods may induce serious distortion of surface morphology in areas lack of terrain data. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a strategy combining high-accuracy surface modeling(HASM) and classical interpolation methods to construct DEM. Firstly, a triangulated irregular network(TIN) is built based on the original terrain data, and the area of the triangles in the TIN is used to determine whether to add supplementary altimetric points(SA-Points). Then, classical interpolation methods, such as Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) method, Kriging, and Spline, are applied to assign elevation values to the SA-Points. Finally, the SA-Points are merged with the original terrain data, and HASM is used to construct DEM. In this research, two test areas which are located in Nanjing suburb in Jiangsu Province and Guiyang suburb in Guizhou Province are selected to verify the feasibility of the new strategy. The study results show that:(1) The combination of HASM and classical interpolation methods can significantly improve the elevation accuracy of DEMs compared with DEM constructed by a single method.(2) The process of adding SA-Points proposed in this study can be repeated in many times. For the test areas in this paper, compared with the results with only one execution, the results with more executions are in much more accordance with the actual terrain.(3) Among all the methods discussed in this paper, the one combined HASM and Kriging produce the best result. Compared with the HASM alone, absolute mean error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) of the best result were reduced from 1.29 m and 1.83 m to 0.68 m and 0.45 m(the first test area), and from 0.32 m and 0.38 m to 0.21 m and 0.28 m( The second test area).展开更多
The HASM(high accuracy surface modeling) technique is based on the fundamental theory of surfaces,which has been proved to improve the interpolation accuracy in surface fitting.However,the integral iterative solution ...The HASM(high accuracy surface modeling) technique is based on the fundamental theory of surfaces,which has been proved to improve the interpolation accuracy in surface fitting.However,the integral iterative solution in previous studies resulted in high temporal complexity in computation and huge memory usage so that it became difficult to put the technique into application,especially for large-scale datasets.In the study,an innovative model(HASM-AD) is developed according to the sequential least squares on the basis of data adjustment theory.Sequential division is adopted in the technique,so that linear equations can be divided into groups to be processed in sequence with the temporal complexity reduced greatly in computation.The experiment indicates that the HASM-AD technique surpasses the traditional spatial interpolation methods in accuracy.Also,the cross-validation result proves the same conclusion for the spatial interpolation of soil PH property with the data sampled in Jiangxi province.Moreover,it is demonstrated in the study that the HASM-AD technique significantly reduces the computational complexity and lessens memory usage in computation.展开更多
文摘潜在蒸发作为研究蒸发及区域水循环的重要因素之一,其模拟结果对相关领域的研究应用具有重要影响。利用2000-2009年"黑河流域每日四次常规气象观测数据集"所提供的12个气象站点的潜在蒸发数据,对黑河流域潜在蒸发量进行模拟。首先针对潜在蒸发的特点,分析影响研究区域潜在蒸发的气象因素、地理及地形因素,使用多项式回归和逐步回归的方法对研究区域潜在蒸发进行了背景趋势模拟,选出影响潜在蒸发的最优影响因素组合,在此基础上采用高精度曲面建模(HASM)方法,结合站点实测数据,对去掉趋势后的残差进行精度修正。本文使用kriging法、IDW法和Spline法插值所得潜在蒸发数据,以及"黑河流域1980-2010年3 km 6 h模拟气象强迫数据"作为对照,比较验证模拟精度。模拟结果表明:HASM方法模拟精度最高,模拟结果分布合理,表明该方法在潜在蒸发模拟中具有应用前景。该方法所得到的潜在蒸发数据可作为基础地理数据供相关研究应用。
基金National High-tech R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,No.2013AA122003National Key Technologies R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of China,No.2013BACO3B05
文摘It is very important in accurately estimating the forests＇ carbon stock and spatial distribution in the regional scale because they possess a great rate in the carbon stock of the terrestrial ecosystem. Yet the current estimation of forest carbon stock in the regional scale mainly depends on the forest inventory data, and the whole process consumes too much labor, money and time. And meanwhile it has many negative influences on the forest carbon storage updating. In order to figure out these problems, this paper, based on High Accuracy Surface Modeling （HASM）, proposes a forest vegetation carbon storage simulation method. This new method employs the output of LPJ-GUESS model as initial values of HASM and uses the inventory data as sample points of HASM to simulate the distribution of forest carbon storage in China. This study also adopts the seventh forest resources statistics of China as the data source to generate sample points, and it also works as the simulation accuracy test. The HASM simulation shows that the total forest carbon storage of China is 9.2405 Pg, while the calculated value based on forest resources statistics are 7.8115 Pg. The forest resources statistics is taken based on a forest canopy closure, and the result of HASM is much more suitable to the real forest carbon storage. The simulation result also indicates that the southwestern mountain region and the northeastern forests are the important forest carbon reservoirs in China, and they account for 39.82% and 20.46% of the country＇s total forest vegetation carbon stock respectively. Compared with the former value （1975-1995）, it mani- fests that the carbon storage of the two regions do increase clearly. The results of this re- search show that the large-scale reforestation in the last decades in China attains a signifi- cant carbon sink.
基金supported by Key Project of Natural Science Research of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (No.KJ2020A0722,No.KJ2020A0721,No.KJ2020A0705)Grant from National Sensor Network Engineering Technology Research Center (No.NSNC202103)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41930102)Grant from State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System in 2018Key Project of Research and Development in Chuzhou Science and Technology Program (No.2020ZG016)Open Fund of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Hunan University of Science and Technology (No.E22136 )Innovation program for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Anhui Province (No.2021LCX014)Anhui Province Universities Outstanding Talented Person Support Project (No.gxyq2019093)Anhui Provincial College Natural Science Research General Project (No.KJ2020B01,No.KJ2020B02)。
文摘Spatial interpolation is an important method in the process of DEM construction. However, DEMs constructed by interpolation methods may induce serious distortion of surface morphology in areas lack of terrain data. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a strategy combining high-accuracy surface modeling(HASM) and classical interpolation methods to construct DEM. Firstly, a triangulated irregular network(TIN) is built based on the original terrain data, and the area of the triangles in the TIN is used to determine whether to add supplementary altimetric points(SA-Points). Then, classical interpolation methods, such as Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) method, Kriging, and Spline, are applied to assign elevation values to the SA-Points. Finally, the SA-Points are merged with the original terrain data, and HASM is used to construct DEM. In this research, two test areas which are located in Nanjing suburb in Jiangsu Province and Guiyang suburb in Guizhou Province are selected to verify the feasibility of the new strategy. The study results show that:(1) The combination of HASM and classical interpolation methods can significantly improve the elevation accuracy of DEMs compared with DEM constructed by a single method.(2) The process of adding SA-Points proposed in this study can be repeated in many times. For the test areas in this paper, compared with the results with only one execution, the results with more executions are in much more accordance with the actual terrain.(3) Among all the methods discussed in this paper, the one combined HASM and Kriging produce the best result. Compared with the HASM alone, absolute mean error(MAE) and root mean square error(RMSE) of the best result were reduced from 1.29 m and 1.83 m to 0.68 m and 0.45 m(the first test area), and from 0.32 m and 0.38 m to 0.21 m and 0.28 m( The second test area).
基金Supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 40825003)the Major Directivity Projects of Chinese Academy of Science (No. kzcx2-yw-429)the National High-tech R&D Program of China (No. 2006AA12Z219)
文摘The HASM(high accuracy surface modeling) technique is based on the fundamental theory of surfaces,which has been proved to improve the interpolation accuracy in surface fitting.However,the integral iterative solution in previous studies resulted in high temporal complexity in computation and huge memory usage so that it became difficult to put the technique into application,especially for large-scale datasets.In the study,an innovative model(HASM-AD) is developed according to the sequential least squares on the basis of data adjustment theory.Sequential division is adopted in the technique,so that linear equations can be divided into groups to be processed in sequence with the temporal complexity reduced greatly in computation.The experiment indicates that the HASM-AD technique surpasses the traditional spatial interpolation methods in accuracy.Also,the cross-validation result proves the same conclusion for the spatial interpolation of soil PH property with the data sampled in Jiangxi province.Moreover,it is demonstrated in the study that the HASM-AD technique significantly reduces the computational complexity and lessens memory usage in computation.
