Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration vi...Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration via paracrine signaling;however,their clinical applications are limited by potential risks such as tumorigenesis and xenogeneic immune rejection,which are similar to the risks associated with other stem cell transplantations.The present study therefore focuses on small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells,which preserve the bioactive properties of the parent cells while avoiding the transplantation-associated risks.In vitro,small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells significantly enhanced the proliferation,migration,tube formation,and barrier function of perineurial cells,and subsequently upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins.Furthermore,in a rat model of sciatic nerve defects bridged with silicon tubes,treatment with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells resulted in higher tight junction protein expression in perineurial cells,thus facilitating neural tissue regeneration.At 10 weeks post-surgery,rats treated with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells exhibited improved nerve function recovery and reduced muscle atrophy.Transcriptomic and micro RNA analyses revealed that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells deliver mi R-21-5p,which inhibits mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 expression,thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway and upregulating hyaluronan synthase 2 expression,and further enhancing tight junction protein expression.Together,our findings indicate that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote the proliferation,migration,and tight junction protein formation of perineurial cells.These results provide new insights into peripheral nerve regeneration from the perspective of perineurial cells,and present a novel approach for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve defects.展开更多
目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段...目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎，于48hpf（hours post fertilization）观察胚胎心脏发育情况并计数各组心脏发育异常个体的百分比及心率，评定MTX对斑马鱼心脏发育的影响程度。用1．5×10^-3M的MTX处理6～10hpf发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎作为MTX处理组。于24hpf及48hpf在显微镜下观察MTX处理组斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育情况。借助胚胎整体原位杂交和Real-time PCR的方法检测BMP2b和HAS2在正常对照组及MTX处理组胚胎的表达水平。结果胚胎早期发育阶段6～12hpf是斑马鱼胚胎对MTX的敏感时期。显微镜下观察结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育延迟，并有心脏形态发育明显异常。胚胎整体原位杂交结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2在心脏的表达于36hpf及48hpf下调。Real-time PCR结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼BMP2b的相对表达量在12，24，36及48hpf减少，HAS2的相对表达量在24，36及48hpf减少。结论叶酸生物学活性受抑对早期胚胎的心脏发育影响较大，可导致斑马鱼心脏发育延迟及心脏形态异常，并下调斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2的表达，这可能是叶酸生物学活性受抑后导致心脏发育异常的机制之一。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571211(to FL)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR1476800(to CH)。
文摘Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types;perineurial cells play a pivotal role.Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration via paracrine signaling;however,their clinical applications are limited by potential risks such as tumorigenesis and xenogeneic immune rejection,which are similar to the risks associated with other stem cell transplantations.The present study therefore focuses on small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells,which preserve the bioactive properties of the parent cells while avoiding the transplantation-associated risks.In vitro,small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells significantly enhanced the proliferation,migration,tube formation,and barrier function of perineurial cells,and subsequently upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins.Furthermore,in a rat model of sciatic nerve defects bridged with silicon tubes,treatment with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells resulted in higher tight junction protein expression in perineurial cells,thus facilitating neural tissue regeneration.At 10 weeks post-surgery,rats treated with small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells exhibited improved nerve function recovery and reduced muscle atrophy.Transcriptomic and micro RNA analyses revealed that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells deliver mi R-21-5p,which inhibits mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 expression,thereby activating the transforming growth factor-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway and upregulating hyaluronan synthase 2 expression,and further enhancing tight junction protein expression.Together,our findings indicate that small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote the proliferation,migration,and tight junction protein formation of perineurial cells.These results provide new insights into peripheral nerve regeneration from the perspective of perineurial cells,and present a novel approach for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve defects.
文摘目的该研究利用叶酸拮抗剂甲氨喋呤（MTX）构建叶酸生物学活性受抑制的斑马鱼模型后，观察叶酸生物学活性受抑后对斑马鱼心脏发育的干扰作用以及对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的MTX处理不同发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎，于48hpf（hours post fertilization）观察胚胎心脏发育情况并计数各组心脏发育异常个体的百分比及心率，评定MTX对斑马鱼心脏发育的影响程度。用1．5×10^-3M的MTX处理6～10hpf发育时段的斑马鱼胚胎作为MTX处理组。于24hpf及48hpf在显微镜下观察MTX处理组斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育情况。借助胚胎整体原位杂交和Real-time PCR的方法检测BMP2b和HAS2在正常对照组及MTX处理组胚胎的表达水平。结果胚胎早期发育阶段6～12hpf是斑马鱼胚胎对MTX的敏感时期。显微镜下观察结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育延迟，并有心脏形态发育明显异常。胚胎整体原位杂交结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2在心脏的表达于36hpf及48hpf下调。Real-time PCR结果显示MTX处理组斑马鱼BMP2b的相对表达量在12，24，36及48hpf减少，HAS2的相对表达量在24，36及48hpf减少。结论叶酸生物学活性受抑对早期胚胎的心脏发育影响较大，可导致斑马鱼心脏发育延迟及心脏形态异常，并下调斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因BMP2b及HAS2的表达，这可能是叶酸生物学活性受抑后导致心脏发育异常的机制之一。
