Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over...Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.展开更多
在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并...在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并采取了积极的应对措施。他与同行医生们深入交流和探讨,于1958年共同创立了国际内固定协会(the association for the study of internal fixation,ASIF)[1]。Willenegger教授及其团队确立了一套至今仍被广泛采用的骨折管理基本原则,即著名的AO原则。这些原则极大地推动了骨折治疗领域的发展,提高了治疗的科学性和系统性,使患者能够获得更加稳定和有效的治疗方案。展开更多
德国社会学家韦伯(Max Weber,1864-1920)与奥地利法学家凯尔森(Hans Kelsen,1881-1973)对"法律社会学"(Rechtssoziologie,sociology of law)的定位存在异同。他们一个从社会学家的立场,一个从法学家的立场,探讨了"法律...德国社会学家韦伯(Max Weber,1864-1920)与奥地利法学家凯尔森(Hans Kelsen,1881-1973)对"法律社会学"(Rechtssoziologie,sociology of law)的定位存在异同。他们一个从社会学家的立场,一个从法学家的立场,探讨了"法律社会学"在19世纪末叶跟着社会学(Soziologie)一起诞生的时候,究竟应该如何对这新兴的学问加以定位的问题。他们两位都是法学家出身,同样受到当时哲学思潮新康德主义(Neukantianismus)的影响,主张划分"实然"(Sein)与"应然"(Sollen),也同样对促进德语世界法律社会学的诞生有积极贡献的"自由法学派"(Freirechtle-hre)与奥地利法律社会学家艾利希(Eugen Ehrlich,1862-1922)提出了批评意见,但是他们对于"法律社会学"这门新兴的学科,却还是有不完全相同的定位。展开更多
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong-Early Career Scheme(106210224)and the Seed Fund(104006024).
文摘Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.
文摘在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并采取了积极的应对措施。他与同行医生们深入交流和探讨,于1958年共同创立了国际内固定协会(the association for the study of internal fixation,ASIF)[1]。Willenegger教授及其团队确立了一套至今仍被广泛采用的骨折管理基本原则,即著名的AO原则。这些原则极大地推动了骨折治疗领域的发展,提高了治疗的科学性和系统性,使患者能够获得更加稳定和有效的治疗方案。
