The compositions of the whole rocks and trace elements of minerals in peridotites can reflect the characteristics of the lithospheric mantle. The nature and evolution of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Hannuo...The compositions of the whole rocks and trace elements of minerals in peridotites can reflect the characteristics of the lithospheric mantle. The nature and evolution of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Hannuoba （汉诺坝）, located on the north edge of the intra-North China orogenic belt, are discussed based on the in-situ LAM-ICPMS detected trace element compositions of clinopyroxenes in the Hannuoba peridotitic xenoliths combined with detailed petrography and geochemistry studies. The Hannuoba lithospheric mantle was formed by different partial meltings of the primitive mantle. Most of the samples reflect the partial melting degree of lower than 5% with a few samples of 15%-20%. Major element compositions of the whole rocks and geochemical compositions of clinopyroxenes reveal the coexistence of both fertile and depleted mantle underneath the Hannuoba region during the Cenozoic. This was probably caused by the asthenospheric mantle replacing the aged craton mantle through erosion, intermingling and modification. Our conclusion is further supported by the existence of both carbonatitic magmatic material and silicate melt/ fluid metasomatism as magnified by the trace elements of the clinopyroxencs from the Hannuoba lithospherJc mantle.展开更多
: Minerals of various mantle-derived xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt in Hebei Province have been studied by means of IR spectroscopy. The results show that all xenoliths from the mantle at depths <75 km contain ...: Minerals of various mantle-derived xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt in Hebei Province have been studied by means of IR spectroscopy. The results show that all xenoliths from the mantle at depths <75 km contain trace amounts of water (0.45%–11.6×10?2% H2O). The data of about 0.1% H2O contained in primary pyrolite estimated by earlier studies may be on the high side. The water might enter the frameworks of olivine, pyroxene and garnet earlier than it entered those of amphibole and phlogopite. The presence of water in amphibole and phlogopite may be a local phenomenon of water enrichment, which is related to relatively small-scale magmatic or metasomatic events although they can contain a hundred times more water than pyroxene contains. There is a little more water (1.11%–3.01×10?2% of H2O mostly) in xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt than in those from mid-ocean ridge basalt and kimberlites of South Africa (less than 1×10?2% of H2O mostly). This indicates the heterogeneity of water in time and space in the upper mantle. The presence of trace amounts of water in mantle-derived anhydrous silicate minerals provides basic data for us to understand the distribution of water in the upper mantle and the role of water in the mantle dynamic and geochemical processes.展开更多
Granulite xenoliths are important samples for understanding the forming and evolution of the crust. The granulite xeno- liths enclosed in Cenozoic basalt of Hannuoba, Hebei Province, China, contain four types of sulf...Granulite xenoliths are important samples for understanding the forming and evolution of the crust. The granulite xeno- liths enclosed in Cenozoic basalt of Hannuoba, Hebei Province, China, contain four types of sulfide assemblages: isolate rotundity enclosed sulfides, intergranular sulfides between minerals, secondary sulfide inclusions ranging in linear, and fissure-filling sulfides. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the components of sulfides are Ni-poor pyrrhotite with the molar ratios of (Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe less than 0.2. The molar ratios of (Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S are less than 0.875 of normal pyrrhotite, and are less than those of mantle xeno- liths, reflecting a sulfur-saturated environment. Pyrrhotite in various occurrences contains some Au and Ag, with the averages of 0.19wt%-0.22wt% Au and 0.01wt%-0.02wt% Ag, showing the gold mineralization related to the granulitization of low crust. Ni, Co and Cu have a normal correlation with S in pyrrhotite, indicating that heavy metal elements have a same source similar to sulfur be- cause of the degasification of upper mantle.展开更多
Nine pieces of gabbroic xenoliths from Hannuoba were examined for their major and trace elements and Nd,Sr and Pb isotopes.The results show that the gab-broic xenoliths are of more mafic basaltic composition .Their ab...Nine pieces of gabbroic xenoliths from Hannuoba were examined for their major and trace elements and Nd,Sr and Pb isotopes.The results show that the gab-broic xenoliths are of more mafic basaltic composition .Their abundances show narrow variations in major elements.The trace element contents are highly variable in contrast with those of host basalts and lherzolite xenoliths.The gabbroic xenoliths are rich in Nd(0.51159-0.51249),Sr(0.70491-0.70768) and low in radiogenic Pb(16.283-17.046, 15.191-15.381 and 36.999-37.476),significantly different from basalts and lherzolites in isotopic space.The calculated Nd and Pb model ages are about 3.0-3.5 Ga.The rocks have relatively low equilibrium T(-850℃) and P(0.8-0.9 Gpa).They could be inter-preted to be the product of upper mantle melting at the boundary between the lower crust and the upper mantle.Their chemical and isotopic variations can be ascribed to different degrees of melting,segregation and long-term evolution.展开更多
The lower crustal xenolith of mafic two_pyroxene granulite (the majority) and hypersthene granulite in the Cenozoic basalt at Hannuoba have the characteristics of igneous blastic structure and granulite facies metamor...The lower crustal xenolith of mafic two_pyroxene granulite (the majority) and hypersthene granulite in the Cenozoic basalt at Hannuoba have the characteristics of igneous blastic structure and granulite facies metamorphic recrystallization. Study on the zircon chronology and REE geochemistry of granulite xenolith shows that the underplating of basic magma into the lower crust during late Mesozoic led to the formation of mafic accumulate, which further through metamorphism of granulite facies formed the high_density and high_velocity crustal bottom layer at the lower crust. This suggests that the underplating of mantle magma is the important way for the vertical overgrowth of continental crust since the Phanerozoic and provides new evidence for crust_mantle interaction.展开更多
Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in...Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite),展开更多
On the basis of mineral assemblage,mineralogy,petrology,and major,trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite-and eclogite-facies accumulate,peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in...On the basis of mineral assemblage,mineralogy,petrology,and major,trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite-and eclogite-facies accumulate,peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Hannuoba Cenozoic basalts,this work con-strained the petrological constituents for the crust-mantle transitional zone,which is supported by the results of high-temperature and pressure velocity experiments on rocks and geophysics deep survey.Present lower part of lower crust is mainly composed of granulite-facies mafic accumu-lates(dominantly plagioclase websterite)and crust-mantle transitional zone dominantly com-posed of eclogite-facies pyroxenites with or without garnet and spinel lherzolites;Archaean ter-rain granulite is only nominally early lower crust.Magma underplating in the crust-mantle boundary led to the crustal vertical accretion and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone,which is a significant mechanism for the chemical adjustment of the crust-mantle boundary since the Phanerozoic.展开更多
Lower crustal xenoliths brought up rapidly by basaltic magma onto the earth surface may provide direct information on the lower crust. The main purpose of this research is to gain an insight into the rheology of the l...Lower crustal xenoliths brought up rapidly by basaltic magma onto the earth surface may provide direct information on the lower crust. The main purpose of this research is to gain an insight into the rheology of the lower crust through the detailed study of lower crustal xenoliths collected from the Hannuoba basalt, North China. The lower crustal xenoliths in this area consist mainly of two pyroxene granulite, garnet granulite, and light-colored granulite, with a few exception of felsic granulite. The equilibration temperature and pressure of these xenoliths are estimated by using geothermometers and geobarometers suitable for lower crustal xenoliths. The obtained results show that the equilibration temperature of these xenoliths is within the range of 785–900°C, and the equilibrium pressure is within the range of 0.8–1.2 GPa, corresponding to a depth range of 28–42 km. These results have been used to modify the previously constructed lower crust-upper mantle geotherm for the studied area. The differential stress during the deformation process of the lower crustal xenoliths is estimated by using recrystallized grain-size paleo-piezometer to be in the range of 14–20 MPa. Comparing the available steady state flow laws for lower crustal rocks, it is confirmed that the flow law proposed by Wilks et al. in 1990 is applicable to the lower crustal xenoliths studied in this paper. The strain rate of the lower crust estimated by using this flow law is within the range of 10?13–10?11 s?1, higher than the strain rate of the upper mantle estimated previously for the studied area (10?17–10?13 s?1); the equivalent viscosity is estimated to be within the range of 1017–1019Pa·s, lower than that of the upper mantle (1019–1021 Pa·s). The constructed rheological profiles of the lower crust indicate that the differential stress shows no significant linear relation with depth, while the strain rate increases with depth and equivalent viscosity decrease with depth. The results support the viewpoint of weak lower continental crust.展开更多
In situ Re-Os isotopes of sulfides in peridotitic xenoliths from Cenozoic Hannuoba basalts were analyzed by LAM-MC-ICPMS. The suifides developed two types of occurrences including silicate-enclosed and interstitial. I...In situ Re-Os isotopes of sulfides in peridotitic xenoliths from Cenozoic Hannuoba basalts were analyzed by LAM-MC-ICPMS. The suifides developed two types of occurrences including silicate-enclosed and interstitial. In the enclosed sulfides, 187Os/188Os vary from 0.1124 to 0.1362 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0026 to 1.8027. In the interstitial ones, 187Os/188Os have a range from 0.1174 to 0.1354 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0365 to 1.4469. The oldest age, calculated by TRD for the enclosed sulfides, is 2.1 Ga. An isochron age of 2.3±1.2 Ga is obtained by five grains of enclosed sulfides and primitive mantle. The sulfides used have lower Re-Os isotopic ratio than primitive mantle. Meanwhile, an isochron age of 645±225 Ma is given by all in- terstitial sulfides and the enclosed sulfides with higher Re-Os isotopic ratio due to Re addition after man- tle formation. In addition, the model age of 1.3 Ga recorded by one interstitial sulfide, having similar TDM and TRD, should be meaningful to deep thermal event. The coexistence of different ages, revealed by in situ Re-Os isotope, indicates frequently-occurring mantle events beneath Hannuoba area.展开更多
Major element compositions of garnet, clino-pyroxene, orthopyroxene and spinel in the garnet-bearing lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China craton are analyzed by the electron microprobe (EM...Major element compositions of garnet, clino-pyroxene, orthopyroxene and spinel in the garnet-bearing lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China craton are analyzed by the electron microprobe (EMP). The pressure-temperature estimates reveal the in-creasing temperature and pressure from core to rim for granulites. In contrast, mantle xenoliths with core tempera-ture > 930℃ recorded a history of decrease in temperature and pressure. However, those with core temperature < 930℃ show a negligible change. The final pressures recorded by these xenoliths cluster at 0.9—1.5 GPa. The presence of high- Na2O cpx in granulite xenoliths suggests that they are prod-ucts of the transition from granulite to eclogite metamor-phism corresponding to the increasing temperature and pressure. Together with previous studies, it is suggested that the P-T changes preserved in the xenoliths are related to lithospheric thickening and subsequent thinning prior to their eruption in the Cenozoic.展开更多
基金This paper is supported by the Research Foundation for OutstandingYoung Teachers , China University of Geosciences ( Wuhan )(CUGQNL0510)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No .40425002) .
文摘The compositions of the whole rocks and trace elements of minerals in peridotites can reflect the characteristics of the lithospheric mantle. The nature and evolution of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Hannuoba （汉诺坝）, located on the north edge of the intra-North China orogenic belt, are discussed based on the in-situ LAM-ICPMS detected trace element compositions of clinopyroxenes in the Hannuoba peridotitic xenoliths combined with detailed petrography and geochemistry studies. The Hannuoba lithospheric mantle was formed by different partial meltings of the primitive mantle. Most of the samples reflect the partial melting degree of lower than 5% with a few samples of 15%-20%. Major element compositions of the whole rocks and geochemical compositions of clinopyroxenes reveal the coexistence of both fertile and depleted mantle underneath the Hannuoba region during the Cenozoic. This was probably caused by the asthenospheric mantle replacing the aged craton mantle through erosion, intermingling and modification. Our conclusion is further supported by the existence of both carbonatitic magmatic material and silicate melt/ fluid metasomatism as magnified by the trace elements of the clinopyroxencs from the Hannuoba lithospherJc mantle.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 49373168.
文摘: Minerals of various mantle-derived xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt in Hebei Province have been studied by means of IR spectroscopy. The results show that all xenoliths from the mantle at depths <75 km contain trace amounts of water (0.45%–11.6×10?2% H2O). The data of about 0.1% H2O contained in primary pyrolite estimated by earlier studies may be on the high side. The water might enter the frameworks of olivine, pyroxene and garnet earlier than it entered those of amphibole and phlogopite. The presence of water in amphibole and phlogopite may be a local phenomenon of water enrichment, which is related to relatively small-scale magmatic or metasomatic events although they can contain a hundred times more water than pyroxene contains. There is a little more water (1.11%–3.01×10?2% of H2O mostly) in xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt than in those from mid-ocean ridge basalt and kimberlites of South Africa (less than 1×10?2% of H2O mostly). This indicates the heterogeneity of water in time and space in the upper mantle. The presence of trace amounts of water in mantle-derived anhydrous silicate minerals provides basic data for us to understand the distribution of water in the upper mantle and the role of water in the mantle dynamic and geochemical processes.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.49972031) and the Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Granulite xenoliths are important samples for understanding the forming and evolution of the crust. The granulite xeno- liths enclosed in Cenozoic basalt of Hannuoba, Hebei Province, China, contain four types of sulfide assemblages: isolate rotundity enclosed sulfides, intergranular sulfides between minerals, secondary sulfide inclusions ranging in linear, and fissure-filling sulfides. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the components of sulfides are Ni-poor pyrrhotite with the molar ratios of (Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe less than 0.2. The molar ratios of (Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S are less than 0.875 of normal pyrrhotite, and are less than those of mantle xeno- liths, reflecting a sulfur-saturated environment. Pyrrhotite in various occurrences contains some Au and Ag, with the averages of 0.19wt%-0.22wt% Au and 0.01wt%-0.02wt% Ag, showing the gold mineralization related to the granulitization of low crust. Ni, Co and Cu have a normal correlation with S in pyrrhotite, indicating that heavy metal elements have a same source similar to sulfur be- cause of the degasification of upper mantle.
文摘Nine pieces of gabbroic xenoliths from Hannuoba were examined for their major and trace elements and Nd,Sr and Pb isotopes.The results show that the gab-broic xenoliths are of more mafic basaltic composition .Their abundances show narrow variations in major elements.The trace element contents are highly variable in contrast with those of host basalts and lherzolite xenoliths.The gabbroic xenoliths are rich in Nd(0.51159-0.51249),Sr(0.70491-0.70768) and low in radiogenic Pb(16.283-17.046, 15.191-15.381 and 36.999-37.476),significantly different from basalts and lherzolites in isotopic space.The calculated Nd and Pb model ages are about 3.0-3.5 Ga.The rocks have relatively low equilibrium T(-850℃) and P(0.8-0.9 Gpa).They could be inter-preted to be the product of upper mantle melting at the boundary between the lower crust and the upper mantle.Their chemical and isotopic variations can be ascribed to different degrees of melting,segregation and long-term evolution.
文摘The lower crustal xenolith of mafic two_pyroxene granulite (the majority) and hypersthene granulite in the Cenozoic basalt at Hannuoba have the characteristics of igneous blastic structure and granulite facies metamorphic recrystallization. Study on the zircon chronology and REE geochemistry of granulite xenolith shows that the underplating of basic magma into the lower crust during late Mesozoic led to the formation of mafic accumulate, which further through metamorphism of granulite facies formed the high_density and high_velocity crustal bottom layer at the lower crust. This suggests that the underplating of mantle magma is the important way for the vertical overgrowth of continental crust since the Phanerozoic and provides new evidence for crust_mantle interaction.
文摘Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite),
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Gant No.KZCX1-07)the National Natural Scince Foundation of China(Grant No.40234050)
文摘On the basis of mineral assemblage,mineralogy,petrology,and major,trace ele-mental and isotopic geochemistry of the underplated granulite-and eclogite-facies accumulate,peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Hannuoba Cenozoic basalts,this work con-strained the petrological constituents for the crust-mantle transitional zone,which is supported by the results of high-temperature and pressure velocity experiments on rocks and geophysics deep survey.Present lower part of lower crust is mainly composed of granulite-facies mafic accumu-lates(dominantly plagioclase websterite)and crust-mantle transitional zone dominantly com-posed of eclogite-facies pyroxenites with or without garnet and spinel lherzolites;Archaean ter-rain granulite is only nominally early lower crust.Magma underplating in the crust-mantle boundary led to the crustal vertical accretion and the formation of the crust-mantle transitional zone,which is a significant mechanism for the chemical adjustment of the crust-mantle boundary since the Phanerozoic.
基金Seismic Sciences Joint Foundation (Grant No. 103038)
文摘Lower crustal xenoliths brought up rapidly by basaltic magma onto the earth surface may provide direct information on the lower crust. The main purpose of this research is to gain an insight into the rheology of the lower crust through the detailed study of lower crustal xenoliths collected from the Hannuoba basalt, North China. The lower crustal xenoliths in this area consist mainly of two pyroxene granulite, garnet granulite, and light-colored granulite, with a few exception of felsic granulite. The equilibration temperature and pressure of these xenoliths are estimated by using geothermometers and geobarometers suitable for lower crustal xenoliths. The obtained results show that the equilibration temperature of these xenoliths is within the range of 785–900°C, and the equilibrium pressure is within the range of 0.8–1.2 GPa, corresponding to a depth range of 28–42 km. These results have been used to modify the previously constructed lower crust-upper mantle geotherm for the studied area. The differential stress during the deformation process of the lower crustal xenoliths is estimated by using recrystallized grain-size paleo-piezometer to be in the range of 14–20 MPa. Comparing the available steady state flow laws for lower crustal rocks, it is confirmed that the flow law proposed by Wilks et al. in 1990 is applicable to the lower crustal xenoliths studied in this paper. The strain rate of the lower crust estimated by using this flow law is within the range of 10?13–10?11 s?1, higher than the strain rate of the upper mantle estimated previously for the studied area (10?17–10?13 s?1); the equivalent viscosity is estimated to be within the range of 1017–1019Pa·s, lower than that of the upper mantle (1019–1021 Pa·s). The constructed rheological profiles of the lower crust indicate that the differential stress shows no significant linear relation with depth, while the strain rate increases with depth and equivalent viscosity decrease with depth. The results support the viewpoint of weak lower continental crust.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40602009 and 40425002)the Research Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan (Grant No. CUGQNL0510)
文摘In situ Re-Os isotopes of sulfides in peridotitic xenoliths from Cenozoic Hannuoba basalts were analyzed by LAM-MC-ICPMS. The suifides developed two types of occurrences including silicate-enclosed and interstitial. In the enclosed sulfides, 187Os/188Os vary from 0.1124 to 0.1362 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0026 to 1.8027. In the interstitial ones, 187Os/188Os have a range from 0.1174 to 0.1354 and 187Re/188Os from 0.0365 to 1.4469. The oldest age, calculated by TRD for the enclosed sulfides, is 2.1 Ga. An isochron age of 2.3±1.2 Ga is obtained by five grains of enclosed sulfides and primitive mantle. The sulfides used have lower Re-Os isotopic ratio than primitive mantle. Meanwhile, an isochron age of 645±225 Ma is given by all in- terstitial sulfides and the enclosed sulfides with higher Re-Os isotopic ratio due to Re addition after man- tle formation. In addition, the model age of 1.3 Ga recorded by one interstitial sulfide, having similar TDM and TRD, should be meaningful to deep thermal event. The coexistence of different ages, revealed by in situ Re-Os isotope, indicates frequently-occurring mantle events beneath Hannuoba area.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.40133020 and 40003004)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.G1999043202)+1 种基金the State Key Lab for Mineral Deposits Research,Nanjing Universitythe Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University.
文摘Major element compositions of garnet, clino-pyroxene, orthopyroxene and spinel in the garnet-bearing lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China craton are analyzed by the electron microprobe (EMP). The pressure-temperature estimates reveal the in-creasing temperature and pressure from core to rim for granulites. In contrast, mantle xenoliths with core tempera-ture > 930℃ recorded a history of decrease in temperature and pressure. However, those with core temperature < 930℃ show a negligible change. The final pressures recorded by these xenoliths cluster at 0.9—1.5 GPa. The presence of high- Na2O cpx in granulite xenoliths suggests that they are prod-ucts of the transition from granulite to eclogite metamor-phism corresponding to the increasing temperature and pressure. Together with previous studies, it is suggested that the P-T changes preserved in the xenoliths are related to lithospheric thickening and subsequent thinning prior to their eruption in the Cenozoic.
