Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the ...Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the link between the global jihad organizations and Hamas.Global jihad organizations like ISIS or al-Q'aida represent opposite points of view to those of the Muslim Brotherhood.First and foremost,they are not nationalistic but Pan-Islamic Movements.Islamic organizations cannot be described by ideas such as nationalism,socialism or any other set of secular ideas.Understanding Islamic organizations means understanding their religious roots.This article presents the argument that even Hamas,usually described as a nationalistic movement,can be identified as a Global Jihad organization which combines nationalistic elements.展开更多
Crucial for mediating inflammation and the perception of pain,the ion channel known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)holds significant importance.It contributes to the increased production of cytokines ...Crucial for mediating inflammation and the perception of pain,the ion channel known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)holds significant importance.It contributes to the increased production of cytokines in the inflammatory cells of cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and represents a promising target for the treatment of this condition.By leveraging the unique advantages of liposomes,a composite microsphere drug delivery system with stable structural properties and high adaptability can be developed,providing a new strategy for osteoarthritis(OA)drug therapy.The liposomes as drug reservoirs for TRPA1 inhibitors were loaded into hyaluronic acid methacrylate(HAMA)hydrogels to make hydrogel microspheres via microfluidic technology.An in vitro inflammatory chondrocyte model was established with interleukin-1β(IL-1β)to demonstrate HAMA@Lipo@HC’s capabilities.A destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)mouse model was also created to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injections for treating OA.HAMA@Lipo@HC has a uniform particle-size distribution and is injectable.The drug encapsulation rate was 64.29%±2.58%,with a sustained release period of 28 days.Inhibition of TRPA1 via HC-030031 effectively alleviated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation and matrix degradation.In DMM model OA mice,microspheres showed good long-term sustained drug release properties,improved joint inflammation microenvironment,reduced articular cartilage damage and decreased mechanical nociceptive threshold.This research pioneers the creation of a drug delivery system tailored for delivery into the joint cavity,focusing on TRPA1 as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.Additionally,it offers a cutting-edge drug delivery platform aimed at addressing diseases linked to inflammation.展开更多
Many Arab countries maintain some kind of relations with Hamas,offering financial,moral,or rhetorical support to it,out of consideration of protection and promotion over Arabic national interests.Their support has bec...Many Arab countries maintain some kind of relations with Hamas,offering financial,moral,or rhetorical support to it,out of consideration of protection and promotion over Arabic national interests.Their support has become important exogenous aid that Hamas could resort to.Among all the Arab countries,Jordan and Syria draw special attention from the outside world for their especially intimate relations with Hamas.However,many Arab countries do not like Hamas,or even have some hostilities to it.There are three reasons that can explain such a paradox:1)They are afraid that Hamas might stir up Islamic extremism inside their own countries;2)The extremist attitudes of Hamas have become a tremendous barrier obstructing the permanent resolution to the Israel-Arab problem;3)They are worrying about the strengthening of Iran.In the final analysis,no matter whether giving support or having hostility towards Hamas,Arab countries formulate their policies on the basis of an overall evaluation and contemplation over their own national interests.展开更多
The majority of the Hamas suicide attacks were carried out by young fellows.There were various motivations for the suicide attacks,including four social factors.Firstly,the miserable experiences of the Palestinian peo...The majority of the Hamas suicide attacks were carried out by young fellows.There were various motivations for the suicide attacks,including four social factors.Firstly,the miserable experiences of the Palestinian people became a hotbed for the suicide attackers.Secondly,the wide public sympathy of suicide attackers among the Palestinian people provided support for Hamas and the suicide attacks.Thirdly,the Palestinians turned to violence as a last resort from the disappointment of the Palestinian-Israeli peace process.Finally,the Hamas suicide attacks had many religious factors.The Hamas suicide attack has two effects.One is that it causes the Palestinians and Israelis to fall into a vicious circle of’’violence to violence’’;however it also strengthens Hamas’s leading position as a resistant organization.Another is that it has caused the martyrdom culture to become popular in Palestine and inspired many Palestinians to join suicide attacks.In conclusion,the roots of the suicide attacks by Hamas and other Palestinian groups are found in Palestinian despair of the status quo and therefore,the Palestine issue has still not been resolved.展开更多
Alarm bells ring over the electoral victory for the radical organization, throwing the region into turmoil yet again The Palestinian legislative elections of January 25 were keenly watched by the White House as a mile...Alarm bells ring over the electoral victory for the radical organization, throwing the region into turmoil yet again The Palestinian legislative elections of January 25 were keenly watched by the White House as a milestone in the Mideast democratic progress. But a victory for the展开更多
文摘Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the link between the global jihad organizations and Hamas.Global jihad organizations like ISIS or al-Q'aida represent opposite points of view to those of the Muslim Brotherhood.First and foremost,they are not nationalistic but Pan-Islamic Movements.Islamic organizations cannot be described by ideas such as nationalism,socialism or any other set of secular ideas.Understanding Islamic organizations means understanding their religious roots.This article presents the argument that even Hamas,usually described as a nationalistic movement,can be identified as a Global Jihad organization which combines nationalistic elements.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.82230071)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82202674,82202334)Wenzhou Science and Technology Project(Nos.Y20220178,Y20220016).
文摘Crucial for mediating inflammation and the perception of pain,the ion channel known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)holds significant importance.It contributes to the increased production of cytokines in the inflammatory cells of cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and represents a promising target for the treatment of this condition.By leveraging the unique advantages of liposomes,a composite microsphere drug delivery system with stable structural properties and high adaptability can be developed,providing a new strategy for osteoarthritis(OA)drug therapy.The liposomes as drug reservoirs for TRPA1 inhibitors were loaded into hyaluronic acid methacrylate(HAMA)hydrogels to make hydrogel microspheres via microfluidic technology.An in vitro inflammatory chondrocyte model was established with interleukin-1β(IL-1β)to demonstrate HAMA@Lipo@HC’s capabilities.A destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)mouse model was also created to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injections for treating OA.HAMA@Lipo@HC has a uniform particle-size distribution and is injectable.The drug encapsulation rate was 64.29%±2.58%,with a sustained release period of 28 days.Inhibition of TRPA1 via HC-030031 effectively alleviated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation and matrix degradation.In DMM model OA mice,microspheres showed good long-term sustained drug release properties,improved joint inflammation microenvironment,reduced articular cartilage damage and decreased mechanical nociceptive threshold.This research pioneers the creation of a drug delivery system tailored for delivery into the joint cavity,focusing on TRPA1 as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.Additionally,it offers a cutting-edge drug delivery platform aimed at addressing diseases linked to inflammation.
基金This paper is a sectional achievement of“Studies on Hamas’Social Basis and Its Effects”,financed by National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(10BSS019)“Comparison and Wrestling:Research on the Arabic Factor in the Palestine Problem”,a special research program financed by Humanity and Social Sciences Plan Fund of Ministry of Education(07JA770002)of which the author of this paper is in charge.
文摘Many Arab countries maintain some kind of relations with Hamas,offering financial,moral,or rhetorical support to it,out of consideration of protection and promotion over Arabic national interests.Their support has become important exogenous aid that Hamas could resort to.Among all the Arab countries,Jordan and Syria draw special attention from the outside world for their especially intimate relations with Hamas.However,many Arab countries do not like Hamas,or even have some hostilities to it.There are three reasons that can explain such a paradox:1)They are afraid that Hamas might stir up Islamic extremism inside their own countries;2)The extremist attitudes of Hamas have become a tremendous barrier obstructing the permanent resolution to the Israel-Arab problem;3)They are worrying about the strengthening of Iran.In the final analysis,no matter whether giving support or having hostility towards Hamas,Arab countries formulate their policies on the basis of an overall evaluation and contemplation over their own national interests.
文摘The majority of the Hamas suicide attacks were carried out by young fellows.There were various motivations for the suicide attacks,including four social factors.Firstly,the miserable experiences of the Palestinian people became a hotbed for the suicide attackers.Secondly,the wide public sympathy of suicide attackers among the Palestinian people provided support for Hamas and the suicide attacks.Thirdly,the Palestinians turned to violence as a last resort from the disappointment of the Palestinian-Israeli peace process.Finally,the Hamas suicide attacks had many religious factors.The Hamas suicide attack has two effects.One is that it causes the Palestinians and Israelis to fall into a vicious circle of’’violence to violence’’;however it also strengthens Hamas’s leading position as a resistant organization.Another is that it has caused the martyrdom culture to become popular in Palestine and inspired many Palestinians to join suicide attacks.In conclusion,the roots of the suicide attacks by Hamas and other Palestinian groups are found in Palestinian despair of the status quo and therefore,the Palestine issue has still not been resolved.
文摘Alarm bells ring over the electoral victory for the radical organization, throwing the region into turmoil yet again The Palestinian legislative elections of January 25 were keenly watched by the White House as a milestone in the Mideast democratic progress. But a victory for the
