Introduction: Disaster damage to health systems is a human and health tragedy, results in huge economic losses, deals devastating blows to development goals, and shakes social confidence. Hospital disaster preparednes...Introduction: Disaster damage to health systems is a human and health tragedy, results in huge economic losses, deals devastating blows to development goals, and shakes social confidence. Hospital disaster preparedness presents complex clinical operation. It is difficult philosophical challenge. It is difficult to determine how much time, money, and effort should be spent in preparing for an event that may not occur. Health facilities whether hospitals or rural health clinics, should be a source of strength during emergencies and disasters. They should be ready to save lives and to continue providing essential emergencies and disasters. Jeddah has relatively a level of disaster risk which is attributable to its geographical location, climate variability, topography, etc. This study investigates the hospital disaster preparedness (HDP) in Jeddah. Methods: Questionnaire was designed according to five Likert scales. It was divided into eight fields of 33 indicators: structure, architectural and furnishings, lifeline facilities’ safety, hospital location, utilities maintenance, surge capacity, emergency and disaster plan, and control of communication and coordination. Sample of six hospitals participated in the study and rated to the extent of disaster preparedness for each hospital disaster preparedness indicators. Two hazard tools were used to find out the hazards for each hospital. An assessment tool was designed to monitor progress and effectiveness of the hospitals’ improvement. Weakness was found in HDP level in the surveyed hospitals. Disaster mitigation needs more action including: risk assessment, structural and non-structural prevention, and preparedness for contingency planning and warning and evacuation. Conclusion: The finding shows that hospitals included in this study have tools and indicators in hospital preparedness but with lack of training and management during disaster. So the research shed light on hospital disaster preparedness. Considering the importance of preparedness in disaster, it is necessary for hospitals to understand that most of hospital disaster preparedness is built in the hospital system.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),as a green oxidant,plays a vital role in various applications,including environmental remediation,disinfection,and chemical synthesis[1].The conventional anthraquinone process,despite its...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),as a green oxidant,plays a vital role in various applications,including environmental remediation,disinfection,and chemical synthesis[1].The conventional anthraquinone process,despite its industrial maturity and high yield,suffers from high energy consumption,carbon emissions,safety risks,and reliance on precious metals[2].Despite ongoing optimizations,a more sustainable alternative is urgently needed.The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen has long been considered as an ideal alternative due to its theoretical 100%atom efficiency and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Artificial photosynthesis presents a sustainable and cost-effective approach to harnessing solar energy to produce value-added chemicals[1,2].In particular,the simultaneous photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)and H_(2)...Artificial photosynthesis presents a sustainable and cost-effective approach to harnessing solar energy to produce value-added chemicals[1,2].In particular,the simultaneous photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)and H_(2)O into formic acid(HCOOH)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate global warming driven by CO_(2)emissions.HCOOH is a versatile chemical and hydrogen carrier,offering economic and practical advantages due to its compatibility with existing industrial processes and energy storage/conversion systems.Meanwhile,H_(2)O_(2)is among the world’s top 100 essential chemicals,with a global market valued at$4.0 billion in 2020 and projected to grow to$5.2 billion by 2026.展开更多
Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori),a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ul...Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori),a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ulcer disease in a certain state of the macroorganism. It is well established that H. pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease(PUD). Decontamination of the gastric mucosa with various antibiotics leads to H. pylori elimination and longer remission in this disease. However,the reasons for repeated detection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD after its successful eradication remain unclear. The reason for the redetection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD can be either reinfection or ineffective anti-Helicobacter therapy. The administration of antibacterial drugs can lead not only to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms,but also contribute to the conversion of H. pylori into the resting(dormant) state. The dormant forms of H. pylori have been shown to play a potential role in the development of relapses of PUD. The paper discusses morphological H. pylori forms,such as S-shaped,C-shaped,U-shaped,and coccoid ones. The authors proposes the classification of H. pylori according to its morphological forms and viability.展开更多
The activation of carbon-hydrogen(C-H)bonds is of great scientific importance and offers broad applications in modern organic chemistry[1].In recent years,strategies for C-H bond activation have made notable advances,...The activation of carbon-hydrogen(C-H)bonds is of great scientific importance and offers broad applications in modern organic chemistry[1].In recent years,strategies for C-H bond activation have made notable advances,particularly in the efficient construction of complex molecular architectures.However,most existing C-H activation systems rely on expensive noble metal catalysts,including palladium,rhodium,ruthenium,and iridium.These metals not only come at a high cost but are also often associated with significant toxicity,which further limits their viability and sustainability in industrial applications.展开更多
In eukaryotes, a cascade of events named DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to handle DNA lesions. DDR engages the recruitment of signaling, checkpoint control, repair and chromatin remodeling protein complexes, al...In eukaryotes, a cascade of events named DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to handle DNA lesions. DDR engages the recruitment of signaling, checkpoint control, repair and chromatin remodeling protein complexes, allowing cell cycle delay, DNA repair or induction of apoptosis. An early DDR event involves the phosphorylation of the histone variant γH2AX on serine 139 (H2AX139 phosphorylation) originating the so-called γH2AX. DDR-related H2AX139 phosphorylation have been extensively studied in interphase nuclei. More recently, γH2AX signals on mitotic chromosomes of asynchronously growing cell cultures were observed. We performed a quantitative analysis of γH2AX signals on γH2AX immunolabeled cytocentrifuged metaphase spreads, analyzing the γH2AX signal distributions of CHO9 chromosomes harboring homologous regions both in control and bleomycin (BLM)-treated cultures. We detected γH2AX signals in CHO9 chromosomes of controls which significantly increase after BLM-exposure. γH2AX signals were uniformly distributed in chromosomes of controls. However, the γH2AX signal distribution in BLM exposed cells was significantly different between chromosomes and among chromosome regions, with few signals near the centromeres and a tendency to increase towards the telomeres. Interestingly, both basal and BLM-induced γH2AX signal distribution were statistically equal between CHO9 homologous chromosome regions. Our results suggest that BLM exerts an effect on H2AX139 phosphorylation, prevailing towards acetylated and gene-rich distal chromosome segments. The comparable H2AX139 phosphorylation of homologous regions puts forward its dependence on chromatin structure or function and its independence of the position in the karyotype.展开更多
The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated ...The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations spanning broad temperature-pressure-composition(2000–10000 K, 1–7 Mbar,pure H to pure He) regimes, we systematically determine self and mutual diffusion coefficients in H–He systems and establish a six-dimensional framework correlating temperature, pressure, helium abundance, phase separation degree, diffusion coefficients, and anisotropy. Key findings reveal that hydrogen exhibits active directional migration with pronounced diffusion anisotropy, whereas helium passively aggregates in response. While the conventional mixing rule underestimates mutual diffusion coefficients by neglecting velocity cross-correlations,the assumption of an ideal thermodynamic factor(Q = 1) overestimates them due to unaccounted non-ideal thermodynamic effects—both particularly pronounced in strongly phase-separated regimes. Notably, hydrogen's dual role, anisotropic diffusion and bond stabilization via helium doping, modulates demixing kinetics. Large-scale simulations(216,000 atoms) propose novel phase-separation paradigms, such as “hydrogen bubble/wisp” formation, challenging the classical “helium rain” scenario, striving to bridge atomic-scale dynamics to planetary-scale phase evolution.展开更多
Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the an...Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.展开更多
背景:H型血管(CD31hiEmcnhi)因独特的功能为深入理解血管介导的骨代谢调控机制提供了新的视角和切入点,引发了骨科学研究范式从“骨本位”向“骨-血管整合”的重要转变。目的:基于H型血管领域的文献数据进行可视化分析,探讨该领域的研...背景:H型血管(CD31hiEmcnhi)因独特的功能为深入理解血管介导的骨代谢调控机制提供了新的视角和切入点,引发了骨科学研究范式从“骨本位”向“骨-血管整合”的重要转变。目的:基于H型血管领域的文献数据进行可视化分析,探讨该领域的研究热点和前沿趋势。方法:系统检索CNKI和Web of Science核心合集中与H型血管相关的中英文文献,文献检索时限为2014-2024年。采用CiteSpace 6.2.R4信息可视化软件对文献的发表国家、作者、机构、关键词、时间线视图等进行可视化分析。结果与结论:①共纳入中文文献59篇、英文文献185篇。自2014年提出H型血管概念以来,相关研究文献数量逐年增加,中国在该领域的研究处于领先地位,主要研究机构包括南方医科大学、四川大学和上海交通大学等。关键词分析揭示,当前研究热点主要集中在H型血管的生成与调控机制、H型血管在骨生成和骨重塑过程中的作用以及H型血管与骨质代谢相关疾病的关系;此外,出现“诱导膜”“软骨修复”“中医药”等新兴关键词,表明研究正在向多样化和多学科交叉的方向发展。②H型血管在骨骼疾病的发生发展中发挥着关键作用,相关研究对深入理解骨组织的生理与病理过程具有重要意义。未来应进一步探讨H型血管在不同疾病背景下的具体作用机制,推动基础研究成果的临床转化,为骨骼疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路与策略。展开更多
With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was ...With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was built by China Merchants Heavy Industry(CMHI)in Jiangsu,China,and made its first voyage last year.Measuring 37.6 meters wide and 199.9 meters long,it is considered the worlds largest Pure Car and Truck Carrier(PCTC)vessel for transporting various types of vehicles,and thanks to strengthened decks and enhanced internal ramp systems(坡道系统),it can carry heavier electric vehicles on all 14 decks,making it future⁃proof.With a cargo capacity of 9,100 vehicles,the first Höegh Aurora class carrier beats the previous worlds largest vehicle carrier by 600 vehicles.展开更多
Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and ...Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and public health.Wild birds have been recognized as the primary reservoirs for influenza A virus,and some species show little sign of clinical disease or even can be asymptomatic during long distance carriers of the virus(Lycett et al.,2019).Since it was first discovered in 1959,the H5Nx HPAIVs have spread globally and cause outbreaks in wild birds,poultry and sporadic human and other mammalian infections(Lycett et al.,2019).Due to the reassortant events of diverse strains facilitated by migratory waterfowl,the clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx viruses acquiring neuraminidase(NA)gene from other low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses(LPAIVs)emerged in 2014 and gradually became the dominant sub-clade(Lee et al.,2017).展开更多
This corrigendum clarifies information in the article"PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling orchestrates the phenotypic transition and chemo-resistance of small cell lung cancer"by Li et al.(2021).The authors regret that ...This corrigendum clarifies information in the article"PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling orchestrates the phenotypic transition and chemo-resistance of small cell lung cancer"by Li et al.(2021).The authors regret that the image of H526 cells in the schematic illustration in Fig.4A displayed on the Webpage is wrong.The correct image for H526cells inthe schematic illustration is listed below。展开更多
Quantum spin Hall state usually emerges in non-magnetic systems,which are typically incompatible withferromagnetism.Here,we predict that two-dimensional(2D)ferrovalley semiconductor single-layer(SL)2HNbTe_(2)can be tr...Quantum spin Hall state usually emerges in non-magnetic systems,which are typically incompatible withferromagnetism.Here,we predict that two-dimensional(2D)ferrovalley semiconductor single-layer(SL)2HNbTe_(2)can be transformed into a 2D room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulator through hydrogen(H)atom adsorption.The SL 2H-NbTe_(2) is found to possess a giant spontaneous valley polarization of 274 meV,which is much larger than those of most available ferrovalley materials.Upon H atom adsorption,a transitionfrom ferromagnetism to non-magnetism emerges.More interestingly,H-adsorbed NbTe_(2) is predicted to be aquantum spin Hall insulator with a direct band gap of 110meV(equal to a working temperature of 1267 K).The predicted rich quantum effects render the 2H-NbTe_(2) a promising candidate for practical valleytronic andtopological electronics.展开更多
Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more th...Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more than one in 10 births worldwide.Compared to full-term births,PTBs are associated with a higher risk of short-and long-term complications,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia,necrotizing enterocolitis,visual impairment,and cerebral injuries[2].Despite substantial research efforts to prevent PTB,the global PTB rate has shown little improvement over the past decade[1].Therefore,identifying additional risk factors remains a critical goal in preventing PTB.展开更多
[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regiona...[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.展开更多
Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as...Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as being associated with lymphatic metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carci-noma(HNSCC).Mechanistically,phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP),the metabolite secreted by ENO2-expressing HNSCC cells,drove histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation(H3K18la)-mediated M2 polarization in macrophages,which,in turn,enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and invasiveness of HNSCC cells.Pharmacological inhibition of ENO2 with POMHEX effectively reversed M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited HNSCC lymphatic metastasis.Collectively,our findings underscore the prog-nostic significance of ENO2 and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for metastatic HNSCC.Furthermore,we reveal a previously underappreciated role of PEP in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metastasis via epigenetic modification.展开更多
Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stabil...Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stability,crystal structure,electronic properties,and superconductivity within the ternary Y-Hf-H system under high pressure.Several distinct hydrides have been revealed,in which the hydrogen atoms are present in various hydrogenic motifs.A15-type hydride P_(m)3-YHfH_(6)with isolated H−is predicted to be dynamically stabilized down to 10GPa.The H atoms form pentagonal graphene-like layered-H10 anions in the Hf plane of P6-YHfH_(19),with aT_(c)of 95K at 100GPa.There are H cages in C_(mmm)-Y_(3)HfH_(24),and attributed to the robust electron–phonon coupling and high electronic density of states of hydrogen at the Fermi level,it demonstrates near-room temperature superconductivity with a T_(c)of 275K at 250GPa.Our work makes contributions to the understanding of the fundamental properties of ternary hydrides under high pressure and provides essential references for further research in this field.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Disaster damage to health systems is a human and health tragedy, results in huge economic losses, deals devastating blows to development goals, and shakes social confidence. Hospital disaster preparedness presents complex clinical operation. It is difficult philosophical challenge. It is difficult to determine how much time, money, and effort should be spent in preparing for an event that may not occur. Health facilities whether hospitals or rural health clinics, should be a source of strength during emergencies and disasters. They should be ready to save lives and to continue providing essential emergencies and disasters. Jeddah has relatively a level of disaster risk which is attributable to its geographical location, climate variability, topography, etc. This study investigates the hospital disaster preparedness (HDP) in Jeddah. Methods: Questionnaire was designed according to five Likert scales. It was divided into eight fields of 33 indicators: structure, architectural and furnishings, lifeline facilities’ safety, hospital location, utilities maintenance, surge capacity, emergency and disaster plan, and control of communication and coordination. Sample of six hospitals participated in the study and rated to the extent of disaster preparedness for each hospital disaster preparedness indicators. Two hazard tools were used to find out the hazards for each hospital. An assessment tool was designed to monitor progress and effectiveness of the hospitals’ improvement. Weakness was found in HDP level in the surveyed hospitals. Disaster mitigation needs more action including: risk assessment, structural and non-structural prevention, and preparedness for contingency planning and warning and evacuation. Conclusion: The finding shows that hospitals included in this study have tools and indicators in hospital preparedness but with lack of training and management during disaster. So the research shed light on hospital disaster preparedness. Considering the importance of preparedness in disaster, it is necessary for hospitals to understand that most of hospital disaster preparedness is built in the hospital system.
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),as a green oxidant,plays a vital role in various applications,including environmental remediation,disinfection,and chemical synthesis[1].The conventional anthraquinone process,despite its industrial maturity and high yield,suffers from high energy consumption,carbon emissions,safety risks,and reliance on precious metals[2].Despite ongoing optimizations,a more sustainable alternative is urgently needed.The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen has long been considered as an ideal alternative due to its theoretical 100%atom efficiency and environmental sustainability.
文摘Artificial photosynthesis presents a sustainable and cost-effective approach to harnessing solar energy to produce value-added chemicals[1,2].In particular,the simultaneous photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2)and H_(2)O into formic acid(HCOOH)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate global warming driven by CO_(2)emissions.HCOOH is a versatile chemical and hydrogen carrier,offering economic and practical advantages due to its compatibility with existing industrial processes and energy storage/conversion systems.Meanwhile,H_(2)O_(2)is among the world’s top 100 essential chemicals,with a global market valued at$4.0 billion in 2020 and projected to grow to$5.2 billion by 2026.
文摘Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori),a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ulcer disease in a certain state of the macroorganism. It is well established that H. pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease(PUD). Decontamination of the gastric mucosa with various antibiotics leads to H. pylori elimination and longer remission in this disease. However,the reasons for repeated detection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD after its successful eradication remain unclear. The reason for the redetection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD can be either reinfection or ineffective anti-Helicobacter therapy. The administration of antibacterial drugs can lead not only to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms,but also contribute to the conversion of H. pylori into the resting(dormant) state. The dormant forms of H. pylori have been shown to play a potential role in the development of relapses of PUD. The paper discusses morphological H. pylori forms,such as S-shaped,C-shaped,U-shaped,and coccoid ones. The authors proposes the classification of H. pylori according to its morphological forms and viability.
文摘The activation of carbon-hydrogen(C-H)bonds is of great scientific importance and offers broad applications in modern organic chemistry[1].In recent years,strategies for C-H bond activation have made notable advances,particularly in the efficient construction of complex molecular architectures.However,most existing C-H activation systems rely on expensive noble metal catalysts,including palladium,rhodium,ruthenium,and iridium.These metals not only come at a high cost but are also often associated with significant toxicity,which further limits their viability and sustainability in industrial applications.
文摘In eukaryotes, a cascade of events named DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to handle DNA lesions. DDR engages the recruitment of signaling, checkpoint control, repair and chromatin remodeling protein complexes, allowing cell cycle delay, DNA repair or induction of apoptosis. An early DDR event involves the phosphorylation of the histone variant γH2AX on serine 139 (H2AX139 phosphorylation) originating the so-called γH2AX. DDR-related H2AX139 phosphorylation have been extensively studied in interphase nuclei. More recently, γH2AX signals on mitotic chromosomes of asynchronously growing cell cultures were observed. We performed a quantitative analysis of γH2AX signals on γH2AX immunolabeled cytocentrifuged metaphase spreads, analyzing the γH2AX signal distributions of CHO9 chromosomes harboring homologous regions both in control and bleomycin (BLM)-treated cultures. We detected γH2AX signals in CHO9 chromosomes of controls which significantly increase after BLM-exposure. γH2AX signals were uniformly distributed in chromosomes of controls. However, the γH2AX signal distribution in BLM exposed cells was significantly different between chromosomes and among chromosome regions, with few signals near the centromeres and a tendency to increase towards the telomeres. Interestingly, both basal and BLM-induced γH2AX signal distribution were statistically equal between CHO9 homologous chromosome regions. Our results suggest that BLM exerts an effect on H2AX139 phosphorylation, prevailing towards acetylated and gene-rich distal chromosome segments. The comparable H2AX139 phosphorylation of homologous regions puts forward its dependence on chromatin structure or function and its independence of the position in the karyotype.
基金supported by the National University of Defense Technology Research Fund Projectthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 12047561 and 12104507+1 种基金the NSAF under Grant No. U1830206the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province under Grant No. 2021RC4026。
文摘The dynamics of phase separation in H–He binary systems within gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn exhibit remarkable complexity, yet lack systematic investigation. Through large-scale machine-learning-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations spanning broad temperature-pressure-composition(2000–10000 K, 1–7 Mbar,pure H to pure He) regimes, we systematically determine self and mutual diffusion coefficients in H–He systems and establish a six-dimensional framework correlating temperature, pressure, helium abundance, phase separation degree, diffusion coefficients, and anisotropy. Key findings reveal that hydrogen exhibits active directional migration with pronounced diffusion anisotropy, whereas helium passively aggregates in response. While the conventional mixing rule underestimates mutual diffusion coefficients by neglecting velocity cross-correlations,the assumption of an ideal thermodynamic factor(Q = 1) overestimates them due to unaccounted non-ideal thermodynamic effects—both particularly pronounced in strongly phase-separated regimes. Notably, hydrogen's dual role, anisotropic diffusion and bond stabilization via helium doping, modulates demixing kinetics. Large-scale simulations(216,000 atoms) propose novel phase-separation paradigms, such as “hydrogen bubble/wisp” formation, challenging the classical “helium rain” scenario, striving to bridge atomic-scale dynamics to planetary-scale phase evolution.
基金funded by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1100500)+1 种基金the Leading Innovation Team Project of Hangzhou Medical College(No.CXLJ202401)the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2024C03051)。
文摘Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.
文摘背景:H型血管(CD31hiEmcnhi)因独特的功能为深入理解血管介导的骨代谢调控机制提供了新的视角和切入点,引发了骨科学研究范式从“骨本位”向“骨-血管整合”的重要转变。目的:基于H型血管领域的文献数据进行可视化分析,探讨该领域的研究热点和前沿趋势。方法:系统检索CNKI和Web of Science核心合集中与H型血管相关的中英文文献,文献检索时限为2014-2024年。采用CiteSpace 6.2.R4信息可视化软件对文献的发表国家、作者、机构、关键词、时间线视图等进行可视化分析。结果与结论:①共纳入中文文献59篇、英文文献185篇。自2014年提出H型血管概念以来,相关研究文献数量逐年增加,中国在该领域的研究处于领先地位,主要研究机构包括南方医科大学、四川大学和上海交通大学等。关键词分析揭示,当前研究热点主要集中在H型血管的生成与调控机制、H型血管在骨生成和骨重塑过程中的作用以及H型血管与骨质代谢相关疾病的关系;此外,出现“诱导膜”“软骨修复”“中医药”等新兴关键词,表明研究正在向多样化和多学科交叉的方向发展。②H型血管在骨骼疾病的发生发展中发挥着关键作用,相关研究对深入理解骨组织的生理与病理过程具有重要意义。未来应进一步探讨H型血管在不同疾病背景下的具体作用机制,推动基础研究成果的临床转化,为骨骼疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路与策略。
文摘With a holding capacity of up to 9,100 vehicles(conventional or electric),the Höegh Aurora holds the title of“worlds largest vehicle carrier”.Operated by Norways Höegh Autoliners,the Höegh Aurora was built by China Merchants Heavy Industry(CMHI)in Jiangsu,China,and made its first voyage last year.Measuring 37.6 meters wide and 199.9 meters long,it is considered the worlds largest Pure Car and Truck Carrier(PCTC)vessel for transporting various types of vehicles,and thanks to strengthened decks and enhanced internal ramp systems(坡道系统),it can carry heavier electric vehicles on all 14 decks,making it future⁃proof.With a cargo capacity of 9,100 vehicles,the first Höegh Aurora class carrier beats the previous worlds largest vehicle carrier by 600 vehicles.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Cooperation Project of“Three Rural and Nine Parties”(grant number 2023SNJF059).
文摘Dear Editor,The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses(HPAIVs)are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and public health.Wild birds have been recognized as the primary reservoirs for influenza A virus,and some species show little sign of clinical disease or even can be asymptomatic during long distance carriers of the virus(Lycett et al.,2019).Since it was first discovered in 1959,the H5Nx HPAIVs have spread globally and cause outbreaks in wild birds,poultry and sporadic human and other mammalian infections(Lycett et al.,2019).Due to the reassortant events of diverse strains facilitated by migratory waterfowl,the clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx viruses acquiring neuraminidase(NA)gene from other low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses(LPAIVs)emerged in 2014 and gradually became the dominant sub-clade(Lee et al.,2017).
文摘This corrigendum clarifies information in the article"PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling orchestrates the phenotypic transition and chemo-resistance of small cell lung cancer"by Li et al.(2021).The authors regret that the image of H526 cells in the schematic illustration in Fig.4A displayed on the Webpage is wrong.The correct image for H526cells inthe schematic illustration is listed below。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874092)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation,China(Grant No.161005)+2 种基金the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021JJ10039)the Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2017RS3034)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20240080)。
文摘Quantum spin Hall state usually emerges in non-magnetic systems,which are typically incompatible withferromagnetism.Here,we predict that two-dimensional(2D)ferrovalley semiconductor single-layer(SL)2HNbTe_(2)can be transformed into a 2D room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulator through hydrogen(H)atom adsorption.The SL 2H-NbTe_(2) is found to possess a giant spontaneous valley polarization of 274 meV,which is much larger than those of most available ferrovalley materials.Upon H atom adsorption,a transitionfrom ferromagnetism to non-magnetism emerges.More interestingly,H-adsorbed NbTe_(2) is predicted to be aquantum spin Hall insulator with a direct band gap of 110meV(equal to a working temperature of 1267 K).The predicted rich quantum effects render the 2H-NbTe_(2) a promising candidate for practical valleytronic andtopological electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8200340181972981)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(222102310150,China)the Open Research Fund of the National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention(NHCKLBDP202504,China).
文摘Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more than one in 10 births worldwide.Compared to full-term births,PTBs are associated with a higher risk of short-and long-term complications,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia,necrotizing enterocolitis,visual impairment,and cerebral injuries[2].Despite substantial research efforts to prevent PTB,the global PTB rate has shown little improvement over the past decade[1].Therefore,identifying additional risk factors remains a critical goal in preventing PTB.
基金Supported by Sichuan Innovation Team Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(SCCXTD-2023-19)Key R&D Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022YFS0592)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Seedling Project(MZGC20230119,MZGC20230126).
文摘[Objectives]To obtain a novel cultivar of Chuanminshen violaceum with robust growth,high yield,and stable genetic traits.[Methods]A systematic selection method was employed to conduct a multi-point testing and regional production trial utilizing C.violaceum strain CMS1,which was sourced from a semi-wild population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,as the experimental material.In contrast,C.violaceum CMS2,derived from a cultivated population in Langzhong,Sichuan Province,along with a mixed population of C.violaceum cultispecies from the same region,served as the control material.Through a comparative analysis of phenological periods,agronomic traits,yield,and quality,a novel cultivar,‘Chengming No.1’,was ultimately selected and developed based on its superior comprehensive evaluation.[Results]In the phenological period survey conducted as part of a two-year comparative study,the CMS1 strain exhibited a shorter growth cycle compared to others.Furthermore,the agronomic characteristics of the CMS1 strain were superior to those of both CMS2 and CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2019 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 468.88,448.52,and 422.15 kg/667 m 2,respectively.This resulted in an average yield increase of 11.07%for CMS1 compared to CK and 6.25%for CMS2 compared to CK.The average yields of CMS1,CMS2,and CK in the 2020 cultivar comparison test and yield trial were 482.69,467.54,and 436.82 kg/667 m 2,respectively.CMS1 exhibited an average yield increase of 10.50%compared to CK,while CMS2 demonstrated an average yield increase of 7.03%relative to CK.Furthermore,the average yield of CMS1 per 667 m 2 achieved a statistically significant level compared to CK in both years of the study.In multiple-point comparison and yield trials conducted in 2019 and 2020,the CMS1 strain exhibited a total ash content of 15.30%,an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.30%,a moisture content of 10.80%,and water-soluble extract amounting to 11.40%.All of the indicators conformed to the criteria established by the Sichuan Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials(2010 Edition).[Conclusions]The CMS1 strain successfully passed the field technical appraisal for the novel cultivar of C.violaceum in 2021.This cultivar is characterized by high yield,excellent quality,and stable traits.In 2022,it received validation from the Sichuan Provincial Committee for the Certification of Non-Staple Crop Varieties and was officially named‘Chengming No.1’(CRY 2022002).This cultivar demonstrates significant potential for widespread cultivation.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204428,U24A20815,82304526,82204427,82201001,82430108,82293681(82293680),82273941)the National High-level Personnelof Special Support Program(to Dongmei Zhang and Minfeng Chen)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010361 and 2022A1515011813)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515020098)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(SL2024A04J00410,SL2024A04J00374,SL2024A04J00280)the Fundamental Research Funds for The Central Universities(21624103)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(2023A03J1030,202201010173,202102070001)the Clinical Frontier Technology Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,China(JNU1AF-CFTP-2022-a01210).
文摘Metabolic reprogramming reshapes the tumor microenvironment(TME)and facilitates metastasis,but its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Here,we identified enolase 2(ENO2),a critical glycolytic enzyme,as being associated with lymphatic metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carci-noma(HNSCC).Mechanistically,phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP),the metabolite secreted by ENO2-expressing HNSCC cells,drove histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation(H3K18la)-mediated M2 polarization in macrophages,which,in turn,enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and invasiveness of HNSCC cells.Pharmacological inhibition of ENO2 with POMHEX effectively reversed M2 macrophage polarization and inhibited HNSCC lymphatic metastasis.Collectively,our findings underscore the prog-nostic significance of ENO2 and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for metastatic HNSCC.Furthermore,we reveal a previously underappreciated role of PEP in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and tumor metastasis via epigenetic modification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072188,12122405,and 12274169)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021R01004)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LQ24A040001)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City,China(Grant No.2024J200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(Grant No.SJLY2023003)。
文摘Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stability,crystal structure,electronic properties,and superconductivity within the ternary Y-Hf-H system under high pressure.Several distinct hydrides have been revealed,in which the hydrogen atoms are present in various hydrogenic motifs.A15-type hydride P_(m)3-YHfH_(6)with isolated H−is predicted to be dynamically stabilized down to 10GPa.The H atoms form pentagonal graphene-like layered-H10 anions in the Hf plane of P6-YHfH_(19),with aT_(c)of 95K at 100GPa.There are H cages in C_(mmm)-Y_(3)HfH_(24),and attributed to the robust electron–phonon coupling and high electronic density of states of hydrogen at the Fermi level,it demonstrates near-room temperature superconductivity with a T_(c)of 275K at 250GPa.Our work makes contributions to the understanding of the fundamental properties of ternary hydrides under high pressure and provides essential references for further research in this field.
