Antibiotics are usually prescribed to cure infections but they also have significant modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Several alterations of the intestinal bacterial community have been reported during antibi...Antibiotics are usually prescribed to cure infections but they also have significant modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Several alterations of the intestinal bacterial community have been reported during antibiotic treatment, including the reduction of beneficial bacteria as well as of microbial alpha-diversity. Although after the discontinuation of antibiotic therapies it has been observed a trend towards the restoration of the original condition, the new steady state is different from the previous one, as if antibiotics induced some kind of irreversible perturbation of the gut microbial community. The poorly absorbed antibiotic rifaximin seem to be different from the other antibiotics, because it exerts non-traditional effects additional to the bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity on the gut microbiota. Rifaximin is able to reduce bacterial virulence and translocation, has anti-inflammatory properties and has been demonstrated to positively modulate the gut microbial composition. Animal models, culture studies and metagenomic analyses have demonstrated an increase in Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus abundance after rifaximin treatment, probably consequent to the induction of bacterial resistance, with no major change in the overall gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics are therefore modulators of the symbiotic relationship between the host and the gut microbiota. Specific antibiotics, such as rifaximin, can also induce eubiotic changes in the intestinal ecosystem; this additional property may represent a therapeutic advantage in specific clinical settings.展开更多
Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and relate...Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain.Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD),Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper.Here,CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p.oxaliplatin,rhEPO+DBD high dosage+Fe(EDF)and rhEPO+DBD high dosage(ED)groups had the best blood enrichment effect.Attractively,EDF group also showed antitumor activity.The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group,the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen(Odoribacter)in ED and EDF groups were decreased.Interestingly,EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria(Helicobacter,Lactococcus,Alloprevotella)and imbalance-inducing bacteria(Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides)and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014),however,ED showed the opposite effects to EDF,this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group.Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD,rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.展开更多
BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK...BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats show differences in gut microbiota compared to non-diabetic rats.Previous studies have indicated that berberine could be successfully used to manage T2DM.We sought to understand its hypoglycaemic effect and role in the regulation of the gut microbiota.AIM To determine whether berberine can regulate glucose metabolism in GK rats via the gut microbiota.METHODS GK rats were acclimatized for 1 wk.The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups and administered saline(Mo),metformin(Me),or berberine(Be).The observation time was 8 wk,and weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)were measured.Pancreatic tissue was observed for pathological changes.Additionally,we sequenced the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota and analysed the structure.RESULTS Compared with the Mo group,the Me and Be groups displayed significant differences in FBG(P<0.01)and GLP-1(P<0.05).A significant decrease in weight and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was noted in the Be group compared with those in the Me group(P<0.01).The pancreatic islets of the Me-and Be-treated rats showed improvement in number,shape,and necrosis compared with those of Mo-treated rats.A total of 580 operational taxonomic units were obtained in the three groups.Compared to the Mo group,the Me and Be groups showed a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota.Correlation analysis indicated that FBG was strongly positively correlated with Clostridia_UCG-014(P<0.01)and negatively correlated with Allobaculum(P<0.01).Body weight showed a positive correlation with Desulfovibrionaceae(P<0.01)and a negative correlation with Akkermansia(P<0.01).Importantly,our results demonstrated that Me and Be could significantly decrease Bacteroidetes(P<0.01)and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio(P<0.01).Furthermore,Muribaculaceae(P<0.01;P<0.05)was significantly decreased in the Me and Be groups,and Allobaculum(P<0.01)was significantly increased.CONCLUSION Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS),immune dysregulation-induced inflammatory outbreaks and microbial imbalance play critical roles in the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Herein,a novel enzyme-like biomimetic ...Reactive oxygen species(ROS),immune dysregulation-induced inflammatory outbreaks and microbial imbalance play critical roles in the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Herein,a novel enzyme-like biomimetic oral-agent ZnPBA@YCW has been developed,using yeast cell wall(YCW)as the outer shell and zinc-doped Prussian blue analogue(ZnPBA)nanozyme inside.When orally administered,the ZnPBA@YCW is able to adhere to Escherichia coli occupying the ecological niche in IBD and subsequently release the ZnPBA nanozyme for removal of E.coli,meanwhile exhibiting improved intestinal epithelial barrier repair.Moreover,it is found that the ZnPBA nanozyme exhibits remarkable capability in restoring redox homeostasis by scavenging ROS and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.More importantly,the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing results indicate that post-oral of ZnPBA@YCW can effectively regulate gut microbiota by enhancing the bacterial richness and diversity,significantly increasing the abundance of probiotics with anti-inflammatory phenotype while downgrading pathogenic E.coli to the same level as normal mice.Such a novel nanomedicine provides a new idea for efficient treating those ROS-mediated diseases accompanying with flora disorders.展开更多
This editorial offers an updated synthesis of the major advancements in the management and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),as documented in the World Journal of Gastroenterology between 2023 and early 202...This editorial offers an updated synthesis of the major advancements in the management and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),as documented in the World Journal of Gastroenterology between 2023 and early 2024.This editorial explores substantial developments across key research areas,such as intestinal microecology,computational drug discovery,dual biologic therapy,telemedicine,and the integration of lifestyle changes into patient care.Furthermore,the discussion of emerging topics,including bowel preparation in colonoscopy,the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,and the intersection between IBD and mental health,reflects a shift toward a more holistic approach to IBD research.By integrating these diverse areas of research,this editorial seeks to promote a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to IBD treatment,combining emerging technologies,personalized medicine,and conventional therapies to improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on huma...Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on human intestinal microbiota remain unexplored.This study assessed the prebiotic potential,antioxidant activity,and bioaccessibility of C.africana hydrocolloid during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion,including subsequent gut microbiota fermentation.Following upper gastrointestinal digestion,total phenolic content of the hydrocolloid decreased from 61.1±2.4 to 26.8±0.4 mg GAE/g.The phenolic profile also changed,possibly due to digestive biotransformation,leading to the formation of simpler phenolic acids with better bioaccessibility(43.90%).The C.africana hydrocolloid was efficiently fermented by probiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium,Akkermansia,and Lactobacillus.During gut microbiota fermentation,the hydrocolloid increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and stimulated the production of short-chain fatty acids,mainly acetic and n-butyric acid.Additionally,fermentation led to the release of a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity,resulting in a significant enhancement of free radical scavenging activity.Overall,these findings demonstrate that the C.africana hydrocolloid has prebiotic potential and may contribute to gut microbiota modulation and improved antioxidant functionality,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for supporting human health and preventing microbiota-related disorders.展开更多
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)remains a major foodborne pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal and systemic complications,including hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS).Antibiotic therapy is often co...Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)remains a major foodborne pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal and systemic complications,including hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS).Antibiotic therapy is often contraindicated because it promotes prophage induction and enhances Shiga toxin release,emphasizing that there are non-antibiotic alternatives compatible with food applications.This mechanistic review synthesizes evidence on how probiotic microorganisms,such as Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Escherichia coli Nissle 1917,and Saccharomyces boulardii,and their postbiotic metabolites modulate STEC adhesion,biofilm formation,virulence expression,inflammatory signaling,and toxin activity.Functional metabolites,including short-chain fatty acids,bacteriocins,hydrogen peroxide,polyphenols,and microcins,are highlighted for their ability to reinforce epithelial barrier integrity and generate physicochemical conditions unfavorable to STEC colonization.Integration of foodomics,metagenomics,and mechanistic studies further elucidates strain-specific action path-ways and supports the design of food-based delivery platforms and next-generation functional ingredients.The review also evaluates the translational potential of postbiotics as stable,regulatory-friendly bioactives for functional food development.Collectively,the insights provide a microbiome-informed blueprint for designing safe and effective interventions to mitigate STEC risk across food systems.展开更多
Ready-to-use probiotics have shown promising safety and patient acceptability in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),yet their efficacy is limited by poor tolerance and inadequate targeting.Here,we developed a dual-precis...Ready-to-use probiotics have shown promising safety and patient acceptability in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),yet their efficacy is limited by poor tolerance and inadequate targeting.Here,we developed a dual-precisely engineered prebiotic coating for the robust probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9.The coating features an inner tannic acid-iron(Fe/TA)network for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and an outer hyaluronic acid(HA)layer that enables targeted binding to inflamed mucosa and enhances epithelial adhesion.This synergistic design alleviates inflammation,repairs the epithelial barrier,modulates gut micro-biota,and ultimately achieves superior therapeutic outcomes in IBD.This strategy provides a new perspective and a feasible path for probiotic-based IBD intervention research.展开更多
文摘Antibiotics are usually prescribed to cure infections but they also have significant modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Several alterations of the intestinal bacterial community have been reported during antibiotic treatment, including the reduction of beneficial bacteria as well as of microbial alpha-diversity. Although after the discontinuation of antibiotic therapies it has been observed a trend towards the restoration of the original condition, the new steady state is different from the previous one, as if antibiotics induced some kind of irreversible perturbation of the gut microbial community. The poorly absorbed antibiotic rifaximin seem to be different from the other antibiotics, because it exerts non-traditional effects additional to the bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity on the gut microbiota. Rifaximin is able to reduce bacterial virulence and translocation, has anti-inflammatory properties and has been demonstrated to positively modulate the gut microbial composition. Animal models, culture studies and metagenomic analyses have demonstrated an increase in Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus abundance after rifaximin treatment, probably consequent to the induction of bacterial resistance, with no major change in the overall gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics are therefore modulators of the symbiotic relationship between the host and the gut microbiota. Specific antibiotics, such as rifaximin, can also induce eubiotic changes in the intestinal ecosystem; this additional property may represent a therapeutic advantage in specific clinical settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81603257,81773882,81974522)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC.711000)+2 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019ZDLSF04-05)Discipline Innovation Team Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019-YL10)and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Colon cancer-related anemia(CCRA)is mainly caused by systemic inflammation,intestinal bleeding,iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer.However,the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain.Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD),Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper.Here,CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p.oxaliplatin,rhEPO+DBD high dosage+Fe(EDF)and rhEPO+DBD high dosage(ED)groups had the best blood enrichment effect.Attractively,EDF group also showed antitumor activity.The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group,the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen(Odoribacter)in ED and EDF groups were decreased.Interestingly,EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria(Helicobacter,Lactococcus,Alloprevotella)and imbalance-inducing bacteria(Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides)and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014),however,ED showed the opposite effects to EDF,this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group.Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD,rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81603574 and No.81774286National Key Research and Development Program,No.2018YFC1704202 and No.2020YFE0201800+1 种基金University Scientific Research Projects of Anhui,No.KJ2020A0401 and No.KJ2019A0442Province Science Foundation of Anhui,No.1708085QH213.
文摘BACKGROUND A recent investigation showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is 12.8%among individuals of Han ethnicity.Gut microbiota has been reported to play a central role in T2DM.Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats show differences in gut microbiota compared to non-diabetic rats.Previous studies have indicated that berberine could be successfully used to manage T2DM.We sought to understand its hypoglycaemic effect and role in the regulation of the gut microbiota.AIM To determine whether berberine can regulate glucose metabolism in GK rats via the gut microbiota.METHODS GK rats were acclimatized for 1 wk.The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups and administered saline(Mo),metformin(Me),or berberine(Be).The observation time was 8 wk,and weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)were measured.Pancreatic tissue was observed for pathological changes.Additionally,we sequenced the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota and analysed the structure.RESULTS Compared with the Mo group,the Me and Be groups displayed significant differences in FBG(P<0.01)and GLP-1(P<0.05).A significant decrease in weight and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance was noted in the Be group compared with those in the Me group(P<0.01).The pancreatic islets of the Me-and Be-treated rats showed improvement in number,shape,and necrosis compared with those of Mo-treated rats.A total of 580 operational taxonomic units were obtained in the three groups.Compared to the Mo group,the Me and Be groups showed a shift in the structure of the gut microbiota.Correlation analysis indicated that FBG was strongly positively correlated with Clostridia_UCG-014(P<0.01)and negatively correlated with Allobaculum(P<0.01).Body weight showed a positive correlation with Desulfovibrionaceae(P<0.01)and a negative correlation with Akkermansia(P<0.01).Importantly,our results demonstrated that Me and Be could significantly decrease Bacteroidetes(P<0.01)and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio(P<0.01).Furthermore,Muribaculaceae(P<0.01;P<0.05)was significantly decreased in the Me and Be groups,and Allobaculum(P<0.01)was significantly increased.CONCLUSION Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32030061,32271384)Shanghai International Cooperation Project(No.23490712900)the Basic Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Government(Grant No.21JC1406000).
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS),immune dysregulation-induced inflammatory outbreaks and microbial imbalance play critical roles in the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Herein,a novel enzyme-like biomimetic oral-agent ZnPBA@YCW has been developed,using yeast cell wall(YCW)as the outer shell and zinc-doped Prussian blue analogue(ZnPBA)nanozyme inside.When orally administered,the ZnPBA@YCW is able to adhere to Escherichia coli occupying the ecological niche in IBD and subsequently release the ZnPBA nanozyme for removal of E.coli,meanwhile exhibiting improved intestinal epithelial barrier repair.Moreover,it is found that the ZnPBA nanozyme exhibits remarkable capability in restoring redox homeostasis by scavenging ROS and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.More importantly,the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing results indicate that post-oral of ZnPBA@YCW can effectively regulate gut microbiota by enhancing the bacterial richness and diversity,significantly increasing the abundance of probiotics with anti-inflammatory phenotype while downgrading pathogenic E.coli to the same level as normal mice.Such a novel nanomedicine provides a new idea for efficient treating those ROS-mediated diseases accompanying with flora disorders.
文摘This editorial offers an updated synthesis of the major advancements in the management and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),as documented in the World Journal of Gastroenterology between 2023 and early 2024.This editorial explores substantial developments across key research areas,such as intestinal microecology,computational drug discovery,dual biologic therapy,telemedicine,and the integration of lifestyle changes into patient care.Furthermore,the discussion of emerging topics,including bowel preparation in colonoscopy,the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,and the intersection between IBD and mental health,reflects a shift toward a more holistic approach to IBD research.By integrating these diverse areas of research,this editorial seeks to promote a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to IBD treatment,combining emerging technologies,personalized medicine,and conventional therapies to improve patient outcomes.
基金the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPESFinance Code 001)+2 种基金by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico-Brasil(CNPQ)(Grant numbers:400585/2022-7)supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/04469/2025 research unit,https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04469/2025 and by LABBELS-Asso-ciate Laboratory in Biotechnology,Bioengineering and Micro-electromechanical Systems,LA/P/0029/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0029/2020.P.Ferreira-Santos would like to express his gratitude to the Consellería de Educacion,Ciencia,Universidades e Formacon Profesional of Xunta de Galicia and the University of Vigo for the postdoctoral contract(reference 0623-137919)under the agreement for the development of strategic actions at the Campus Auga-Ourense(2024-2027)Abigail Gonzalez acknowledge FCT for the Ph.D.grant(2021.06268.BD).
文摘Cordia africana fruit contains a mucilaginous pulp rich in hydrocolloid,providing a natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential prebiotic and antioxidant properties,whose bioaccessibility and impact on human intestinal microbiota remain unexplored.This study assessed the prebiotic potential,antioxidant activity,and bioaccessibility of C.africana hydrocolloid during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion,including subsequent gut microbiota fermentation.Following upper gastrointestinal digestion,total phenolic content of the hydrocolloid decreased from 61.1±2.4 to 26.8±0.4 mg GAE/g.The phenolic profile also changed,possibly due to digestive biotransformation,leading to the formation of simpler phenolic acids with better bioaccessibility(43.90%).The C.africana hydrocolloid was efficiently fermented by probiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium,Akkermansia,and Lactobacillus.During gut microbiota fermentation,the hydrocolloid increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and stimulated the production of short-chain fatty acids,mainly acetic and n-butyric acid.Additionally,fermentation led to the release of a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity,resulting in a significant enhancement of free radical scavenging activity.Overall,these findings demonstrate that the C.africana hydrocolloid has prebiotic potential and may contribute to gut microbiota modulation and improved antioxidant functionality,highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient for supporting human health and preventing microbiota-related disorders.
基金supported by the Republic of Korea through the Basic Science Research Program(NRF Grant Nos.RS-2024-00357307).
文摘Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli(STEC)remains a major foodborne pathogen responsible for severe gastrointestinal and systemic complications,including hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS).Antibiotic therapy is often contraindicated because it promotes prophage induction and enhances Shiga toxin release,emphasizing that there are non-antibiotic alternatives compatible with food applications.This mechanistic review synthesizes evidence on how probiotic microorganisms,such as Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Escherichia coli Nissle 1917,and Saccharomyces boulardii,and their postbiotic metabolites modulate STEC adhesion,biofilm formation,virulence expression,inflammatory signaling,and toxin activity.Functional metabolites,including short-chain fatty acids,bacteriocins,hydrogen peroxide,polyphenols,and microcins,are highlighted for their ability to reinforce epithelial barrier integrity and generate physicochemical conditions unfavorable to STEC colonization.Integration of foodomics,metagenomics,and mechanistic studies further elucidates strain-specific action path-ways and supports the design of food-based delivery platforms and next-generation functional ingredients.The review also evaluates the translational potential of postbiotics as stable,regulatory-friendly bioactives for functional food development.Collectively,the insights provide a microbiome-informed blueprint for designing safe and effective interventions to mitigate STEC risk across food systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024QN03060)the Yingcaixingmeng Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region Team project(2025TYL08)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Agricultural University High-Level/Excellent Doctoral Talent Introduction Research Initiation Project(NDYB 2022-38)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Plan(2025KYPT0107).
文摘Ready-to-use probiotics have shown promising safety and patient acceptability in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),yet their efficacy is limited by poor tolerance and inadequate targeting.Here,we developed a dual-precisely engineered prebiotic coating for the robust probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9.The coating features an inner tannic acid-iron(Fe/TA)network for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and an outer hyaluronic acid(HA)layer that enables targeted binding to inflamed mucosa and enhances epithelial adhesion.This synergistic design alleviates inflammation,repairs the epithelial barrier,modulates gut micro-biota,and ultimately achieves superior therapeutic outcomes in IBD.This strategy provides a new perspective and a feasible path for probiotic-based IBD intervention research.
