Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short...Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.展开更多
Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxa...Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.展开更多
The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiot...The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).展开更多
Apples are popular fruits worldwide and rich in phenolic compounds that can alleviate obesity and related metabolic diseases.However,the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity actions of apple polyphenols(AP)like phlo...Apples are popular fruits worldwide and rich in phenolic compounds that can alleviate obesity and related metabolic diseases.However,the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity actions of apple polyphenols(AP)like phlorizin(PZ)and procyanidin B2(PB2)on transplanted obese patient fecal microbiota(TOPFM)-induced obesity and related syndromes have not yet been fully examined in vivo.Herein,a commercial AP product,PZ compound or PB2 compound was used to ameliorate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice.The results indicated that the AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation markedly alleviate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice through effectively suppressing body weight gain and fat accumulation,alleviating insulin resistance and liver inflammation,regulating gut microecology and lipid synthesis/metabolism,and improving gut barrier function and antioxidant capacity.The gut barrier function and integrity were improved through regulating the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and gut barrier function-related genes,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and Occludin,and raising the glucagon-like peptide 2(GLP-2)level via increasing the contents of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Interestingly,the AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation could significantly improve the production of SCFAs and restore the microbial community structure and diversity in mice with TOPFM-induced obesity,in particular,increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacteriaceae possibly by inhibiting Blautia and Bifidobacterium phages.The influences of AP,PZ or PB2 on gut microorganisms and phases of the mice upon TOPFM were species-specific.This study was the first report on the ability of an AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation to promote the production of SCFAs by modulating gut microbiota possibly via regulating gut phages.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial disease influenced by hereditary,environmental,and microbial factors.This article explores recent insights into the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial disease influenced by hereditary,environmental,and microbial factors.This article explores recent insights into the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in CRC patho-genesis and progression.Key differences in microbial composition,characterized by enrichment of pro-carcinogenic species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis and depletion of beneficial commensals like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,have been identified alongside changes in microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids.We discuss immune system modulation by the microbiota,formation of bacterial biofilms,and the activation of host pathways such as the urea cycle during tumorigenesis.Special attention is given to therapeutic innovations,including microbiota-informed precision modelling,synthetic biology-based engineered probiotics,and evolving altern-atives to fecal microbiota transplantation.These integrative strategies represent promising tools in the era of personalized oncology for CRC.展开更多
Parkinson's disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain,as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies con...Parkinson's disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain,as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containingα-synuclein protein.In recent decades,however,accumulating research has revealed that Parkinson's disease also involves the gut and uncovered an intimate and important bidirectional link between the brain and the gut,called the“gut–brain axis.”Numerous clinical studies demonstrate that gut dysfunction frequently precedes motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients,with findings including impaired intestinal permeability,heightened inflammation,and distinct gut microbiome profiles and metabolites.Furthermore,α-synuclein deposition has been consistently observed in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients,suggesting a potential role in disease initiation.Importantly,individuals with vagotomy have a reduced Parkinson's disease risk.From these observations,researchers have hypothesized thatα-synuclein accumulation may initiate in the gut and subsequently propagate to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut–brain axis,leading to Parkinson's disease.This review comprehensively examines the gut's involvement in Parkinson's disease,focusing on the concept of a gut-origin for the disease.We also examine the interplay between altered gut-related factors and the accumulation of pathologicalα-synuclein in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients.Given the accessibility of the gut to both dietary and pharmacological interventions,targeting gut-localizedα-synuclein represents a promising avenue for developing effective Parkinson's disease therapies.展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for pati...Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzhei...Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease,in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism,changes in gut microbial composition,and Alzheimer’s disease development.To do this,we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1(APP/PS1)transgenic and control mice at 3,6,9,and 12 months of age.Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment,Alzheimer’s disease-related brain changes,distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples(as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing),and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice.Notably,a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development,indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.展开更多
This letter addresses the recently published manuscript by Darnindro et al,which investigates the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in Indonesian patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)....This letter addresses the recently published manuscript by Darnindro et al,which investigates the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in Indonesian patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC).Although the analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity between the CRC and non-CRC groups,the authors identified notable distinctions in the composition and diversity of colonic mucosal microbiota among patients with CRC compared to those without.At the genus level,a statistically significant difference in microbiota composition was documented between the two cohorts.Specifically,the genera Bacteroides,Campylobacter,Peptostreptococcus,and Parvimonas were found to be elevated in individuals with CRC,while Faecalibacterium,Haemophilus,and Phocaeicola were more prevalent in the non-CRC group.展开更多
A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry,provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression.The gut-brain axis,which acts as a two-way commu...A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry,provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression.The gut-brain axis,which acts as a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system,plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.Evidence suggests that metabolic byproducts,such as short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharide and bile acids,which are generated by the gut microbiota,along with neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators within the gut-brain axis,modulate the host's metabolic processes,neuronal regulation,and immune responses through diverse mechanisms.The interaction between obesity and depression via the gut-brain axis involves disruptions in the gut microbiota balance,inflammatory immune responses,and alterations in the neuroendocrine system.Modulating the gut-brain axis,for example,through a ketogenic diet,the use of probiotics,and the supplementation of antioxidants,offers new remedial approaches for obesity and depression.Future research that explores the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is needed to provide more evidence for clinical treatment.展开更多
Diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy(DGAN)is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes,characterized by autonomic dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system.The complex pathophysiology of DGAN invol...Diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy(DGAN)is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes,characterized by autonomic dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system.The complex pathophysiology of DGAN involves neuronal injury that is intrinsically linked to gut dysbiosis.Multiple factors,including hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,and inflammation,significantly contribute to neuronal damage,manifesting as symptoms such as delayed gastric emptying,diarrhea,and constipation.Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes experience substantial alterations in gut microbiota composition,potentially exacerbating gastrointestinal symptoms.Microbial metabolites may modulate neurotransmitter synthesis and release,directly affecting autonomic nerve function,while dysbiosis amplifies oxidative stress and inflammation,further compromising the enteric nervous system and worsening DGAN.Advances in multi-omics technologies now provide deeper insights into molecular mechanisms of DGAN and its interactions with microbiota.Early diagnosis leveraging biomarkers,gut microbiota analysis,and advanced imaging promises more effective interventions.Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress,inflammation,and gut microbiota represent promising approaches for managing DGAN.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-ethnic studies and therapies targeting specific microbial metabolites to refine diagnosis and treatment approaches.展开更多
This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutri...This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.展开更多
Systematic bone and muscle loss is a complex metabolic disease,which is frequently linked to gut dysfunction,yet its etiology and treatment remain elusive.While probiotics show promise in managing diseases through mic...Systematic bone and muscle loss is a complex metabolic disease,which is frequently linked to gut dysfunction,yet its etiology and treatment remain elusive.While probiotics show promise in managing diseases through microbiome modulation,their therapeutic impact on gut dysfunction-induced bone and muscle loss remains to be elucidated.Employing dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced gut dysfunction model and wide-spectrum antibiotics(ABX)-treated mice model,our study revealed that gut dysfunction instigates muscle and bone loss,accompanied by microbial imbalances.Importantly,Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis A6(B.lactis A6)administration significantly ameliorated muscle and bone loss by modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate-producing bacteria.This intervention effectively restored depleted butyrate levels in serum,muscle,and bone tissues caused by gut dysfunction.Furthermore,butyrate supplementation mitigated musculoskeletal loss by repairing the damaged intestinal barrier and enriching beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria.Importantly,butyrate inhibited the NF-κB pathway activation,and reduced the secretion of corresponding inflammatory factors in T cells.Our study highlights the critical role of dysbiosis in gut dysfunction-induced musculoskeletal loss and underscores the therapeutic potential of B.lactis A6.These discoveries offer new microbiome directions for translational and clinical research,providing promising strategies for preventing and managing musculoskeletal diseases.展开更多
Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic p...Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.展开更多
The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has garnered increasing attention due to significant advancements in understanding the gut microbiota over recent years. ...The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has garnered increasing attention due to significant advancements in understanding the gut microbiota over recent years. A growing body of evidence from laboratory and clinical studies highlights a substantial relationship between gut microbiota and HE. Identifying the role of gut microbiota in maintaining normal cognitive function, including its influence on the gut barrier and immune cells, is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of HE. This understanding offers novel perspectives for its prevention and treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning the gut microbiota, HE, and their interrelationship, along with current treatment methods for HE. Furthermore, it outlines the limitations and challenges associated with microbiota-based therapeutic research.展开更多
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut micr...The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and sexual health,mediated by its impact on systemic inflammation,hormonal regulation,and immune function.A balanced gut microbiota supports optimal levels of sex hormones,such as estrogen and testosterone,which are critical for sexual function and reproductive health.Additionally,gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids contribute to maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and regulating immune responses,which are essential for protecting against infections that may impair sexual health.Conversely,dysbiosis,an imbalance in gut microbial composition,has been linked to conditions such as erectile dysfunction,polycystic ovary syndrome,and reduced libido,emphasizing its role in sexual dysfunction.Lifestyle factors,including diet,stress,and antibiotic use,can modulate the gut microbiota and,consequently,sexual health outcomes.Recent therapeutic approaches,such as probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation,offer potential for restoring gut balance and improving sexual health.This review highlights the central role of the gut microbiota in sexual health,emphasizing its importance as a target for therapeutic interventions to enhance overall well-being.展开更多
Emerging evidence of the beneficial effects of defatted rice bran(DFRB)on gut health has advanced the development of fermented defatted rice bran as a potential functional food.However,less is known about its effects ...Emerging evidence of the beneficial effects of defatted rice bran(DFRB)on gut health has advanced the development of fermented defatted rice bran as a potential functional food.However,less is known about its effects and underlying mechanisms on gut health.In this study,a mouse model together with fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was utilized to study the effects and mechanisms of fermented DFRB(FR)on gut barrier function.We found that FR improved the intestinal morphology,gut tight junction proteins,mucin,antimicrobial peptides,and interleukin 22(IL-22)and promoted the gut Clostridium butyricum and butyrate.Notably,correlation analysis indicated gut C.butyricum and butyrate were two FR-induced effectors that improved gut health.FMT results suggested that C.butyricum,butyrate,and fecal microbiota from the FR group all reduced prolyl hydroxylase 2(PHD2)expression by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)in the mouse colon.This decrease in gut PHD2 subsequently upregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)expression,which in turn increased the expression of its targeted downstream tight junction proteins,mucin and antimicrobial peptides,and colonic IL-22 secretion.Overall,FR-derived C.butyricum and butyrate might improve gut barrier function through the HIF-1 signaling pathway,which provides a reference for the application of fermented DFRB as a potential functional food for improving of gut barrier function.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1F1A1074155).
文摘Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.
基金funding from the European Union -NextGenerationEU through the Italian Ministry of University and Research under PRIN PNRR REG D.R.1718-2022– Project number PRJ-1575 INDICA。
文摘Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.
基金supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,Mission 4 Component 1,Project Title:“Gut and Neuro Muscular system:investigating the impact of microbiota on nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury”,CUP D53D23007770006,MUR:20227YB93W,to GR。
文摘The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024QC147)Key Research&Development Project of Shandong Province(2021TZXD007,2019GNCI06048)+2 种基金Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(SD2019ZZ023)Youth Innovation Science and Technology Program of Shandong College and Universities Plan(2020KJE007)Shandong Double Tops Program(SYT2017XTTD04).
文摘Apples are popular fruits worldwide and rich in phenolic compounds that can alleviate obesity and related metabolic diseases.However,the mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity actions of apple polyphenols(AP)like phlorizin(PZ)and procyanidin B2(PB2)on transplanted obese patient fecal microbiota(TOPFM)-induced obesity and related syndromes have not yet been fully examined in vivo.Herein,a commercial AP product,PZ compound or PB2 compound was used to ameliorate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice.The results indicated that the AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation markedly alleviate TOPFM-induced obesity in mice through effectively suppressing body weight gain and fat accumulation,alleviating insulin resistance and liver inflammation,regulating gut microecology and lipid synthesis/metabolism,and improving gut barrier function and antioxidant capacity.The gut barrier function and integrity were improved through regulating the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and gut barrier function-related genes,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and Occludin,and raising the glucagon-like peptide 2(GLP-2)level via increasing the contents of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Interestingly,the AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation could significantly improve the production of SCFAs and restore the microbial community structure and diversity in mice with TOPFM-induced obesity,in particular,increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacteriaceae possibly by inhibiting Blautia and Bifidobacterium phages.The influences of AP,PZ or PB2 on gut microorganisms and phases of the mice upon TOPFM were species-specific.This study was the first report on the ability of an AP,PZ or PB2 supplementation to promote the production of SCFAs by modulating gut microbiota possibly via regulating gut phages.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial disease influenced by hereditary,environmental,and microbial factors.This article explores recent insights into the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in CRC patho-genesis and progression.Key differences in microbial composition,characterized by enrichment of pro-carcinogenic species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis and depletion of beneficial commensals like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,have been identified alongside changes in microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids.We discuss immune system modulation by the microbiota,formation of bacterial biofilms,and the activation of host pathways such as the urea cycle during tumorigenesis.Special attention is given to therapeutic innovations,including microbiota-informed precision modelling,synthetic biology-based engineered probiotics,and evolving altern-atives to fecal microbiota transplantation.These integrative strategies represent promising tools in the era of personalized oncology for CRC.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(2022R1C1C1005741 and RS-2023-00217595)。
文摘Parkinson's disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain,as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containingα-synuclein protein.In recent decades,however,accumulating research has revealed that Parkinson's disease also involves the gut and uncovered an intimate and important bidirectional link between the brain and the gut,called the“gut–brain axis.”Numerous clinical studies demonstrate that gut dysfunction frequently precedes motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients,with findings including impaired intestinal permeability,heightened inflammation,and distinct gut microbiome profiles and metabolites.Furthermore,α-synuclein deposition has been consistently observed in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients,suggesting a potential role in disease initiation.Importantly,individuals with vagotomy have a reduced Parkinson's disease risk.From these observations,researchers have hypothesized thatα-synuclein accumulation may initiate in the gut and subsequently propagate to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut–brain axis,leading to Parkinson's disease.This review comprehensively examines the gut's involvement in Parkinson's disease,focusing on the concept of a gut-origin for the disease.We also examine the interplay between altered gut-related factors and the accumulation of pathologicalα-synuclein in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients.Given the accessibility of the gut to both dietary and pharmacological interventions,targeting gut-localizedα-synuclein represents a promising avenue for developing effective Parkinson's disease therapies.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174112(to PZ)Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine,No.22HHZYSS00015(to PZ)State-Sponsored Postdoctoral Researcher Program,No.GZC20231925(to LN)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.823 74552 (to WP)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2022RC1220 (to WP)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,Nos.2020JJ4803 (to WP),2022JJ40723 (to MY)the Scientific Research Launch Project for New Employees of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (to MY)
文摘Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease,in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism,changes in gut microbial composition,and Alzheimer’s disease development.To do this,we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1(APP/PS1)transgenic and control mice at 3,6,9,and 12 months of age.Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment,Alzheimer’s disease-related brain changes,distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples(as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing),and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice.Notably,a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development,indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by Research Project of the Chinese Digestive Early Cancer Physicians'Joint Growth Program,No.GTCZ-2021-AH-34-0012.
文摘This letter addresses the recently published manuscript by Darnindro et al,which investigates the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in Indonesian patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC).Although the analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity between the CRC and non-CRC groups,the authors identified notable distinctions in the composition and diversity of colonic mucosal microbiota among patients with CRC compared to those without.At the genus level,a statistically significant difference in microbiota composition was documented between the two cohorts.Specifically,the genera Bacteroides,Campylobacter,Peptostreptococcus,and Parvimonas were found to be elevated in individuals with CRC,while Faecalibacterium,Haemophilus,and Phocaeicola were more prevalent in the non-CRC group.
文摘A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry,provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression.The gut-brain axis,which acts as a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system,plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.Evidence suggests that metabolic byproducts,such as short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharide and bile acids,which are generated by the gut microbiota,along with neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators within the gut-brain axis,modulate the host's metabolic processes,neuronal regulation,and immune responses through diverse mechanisms.The interaction between obesity and depression via the gut-brain axis involves disruptions in the gut microbiota balance,inflammatory immune responses,and alterations in the neuroendocrine system.Modulating the gut-brain axis,for example,through a ketogenic diet,the use of probiotics,and the supplementation of antioxidants,offers new remedial approaches for obesity and depression.Future research that explores the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is needed to provide more evidence for clinical treatment.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY23H050005Zhejiang Medical Technology Project,No.2022RC009,No.2023XY238,and No.2024KY645.
文摘Diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy(DGAN)is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes,characterized by autonomic dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system.The complex pathophysiology of DGAN involves neuronal injury that is intrinsically linked to gut dysbiosis.Multiple factors,including hyperglycemia,oxidative stress,and inflammation,significantly contribute to neuronal damage,manifesting as symptoms such as delayed gastric emptying,diarrhea,and constipation.Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes experience substantial alterations in gut microbiota composition,potentially exacerbating gastrointestinal symptoms.Microbial metabolites may modulate neurotransmitter synthesis and release,directly affecting autonomic nerve function,while dysbiosis amplifies oxidative stress and inflammation,further compromising the enteric nervous system and worsening DGAN.Advances in multi-omics technologies now provide deeper insights into molecular mechanisms of DGAN and its interactions with microbiota.Early diagnosis leveraging biomarkers,gut microbiota analysis,and advanced imaging promises more effective interventions.Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress,inflammation,and gut microbiota represent promising approaches for managing DGAN.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-ethnic studies and therapies targeting specific microbial metabolites to refine diagnosis and treatment approaches.
文摘This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272478,82002330,82202728)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF1100100)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(L222086).
文摘Systematic bone and muscle loss is a complex metabolic disease,which is frequently linked to gut dysfunction,yet its etiology and treatment remain elusive.While probiotics show promise in managing diseases through microbiome modulation,their therapeutic impact on gut dysfunction-induced bone and muscle loss remains to be elucidated.Employing dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced gut dysfunction model and wide-spectrum antibiotics(ABX)-treated mice model,our study revealed that gut dysfunction instigates muscle and bone loss,accompanied by microbial imbalances.Importantly,Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis A6(B.lactis A6)administration significantly ameliorated muscle and bone loss by modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate-producing bacteria.This intervention effectively restored depleted butyrate levels in serum,muscle,and bone tissues caused by gut dysfunction.Furthermore,butyrate supplementation mitigated musculoskeletal loss by repairing the damaged intestinal barrier and enriching beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria.Importantly,butyrate inhibited the NF-κB pathway activation,and reduced the secretion of corresponding inflammatory factors in T cells.Our study highlights the critical role of dysbiosis in gut dysfunction-induced musculoskeletal loss and underscores the therapeutic potential of B.lactis A6.These discoveries offer new microbiome directions for translational and clinical research,providing promising strategies for preventing and managing musculoskeletal diseases.
基金supported by projects from the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Major Science and Technology"Revealing the List and Taking Command"Project(2023AB078)the Ministry of Science and Technology High-end Foreign Expert Project(G2023014066L)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Special Project(NCG202232).
文摘Polyamines(putrescine,spermidine,and spermine)are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules,such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids,and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and gene regulation.Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis,catabolism and transport.Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources:dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism.These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream,through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions.Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles.First,they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract.Second,through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms,these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells-including proliferation,migration,apoptosis,and cell-cell interactions.Collectively,these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier.In addition,polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth,biofilm formation,swarming,and endocytosis vesicle production,etc.Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition,enhancing nutrient absorption,and improving metabolism and immunity.In this review,we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells.We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis,exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications,and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.
基金supported by the Health Commission of Sichuan Province(Popularization of Application Project,Grant No.21PJ182).
文摘The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has garnered increasing attention due to significant advancements in understanding the gut microbiota over recent years. A growing body of evidence from laboratory and clinical studies highlights a substantial relationship between gut microbiota and HE. Identifying the role of gut microbiota in maintaining normal cognitive function, including its influence on the gut barrier and immune cells, is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of HE. This understanding offers novel perspectives for its prevention and treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning the gut microbiota, HE, and their interrelationship, along with current treatment methods for HE. Furthermore, it outlines the limitations and challenges associated with microbiota-based therapeutic research.
文摘The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health,influencing diverse physiological processes,including those related to sexual health.Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and sexual health,mediated by its impact on systemic inflammation,hormonal regulation,and immune function.A balanced gut microbiota supports optimal levels of sex hormones,such as estrogen and testosterone,which are critical for sexual function and reproductive health.Additionally,gut-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids contribute to maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and regulating immune responses,which are essential for protecting against infections that may impair sexual health.Conversely,dysbiosis,an imbalance in gut microbial composition,has been linked to conditions such as erectile dysfunction,polycystic ovary syndrome,and reduced libido,emphasizing its role in sexual dysfunction.Lifestyle factors,including diet,stress,and antibiotic use,can modulate the gut microbiota and,consequently,sexual health outcomes.Recent therapeutic approaches,such as probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation,offer potential for restoring gut balance and improving sexual health.This review highlights the central role of the gut microbiota in sexual health,emphasizing its importance as a target for therapeutic interventions to enhance overall well-being.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program(2023YFD1301303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472950,U21A20249)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-35)National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs,Zhejiang Agricultural Talents,Taishan Industrial Leading Talents Project.
文摘Emerging evidence of the beneficial effects of defatted rice bran(DFRB)on gut health has advanced the development of fermented defatted rice bran as a potential functional food.However,less is known about its effects and underlying mechanisms on gut health.In this study,a mouse model together with fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was utilized to study the effects and mechanisms of fermented DFRB(FR)on gut barrier function.We found that FR improved the intestinal morphology,gut tight junction proteins,mucin,antimicrobial peptides,and interleukin 22(IL-22)and promoted the gut Clostridium butyricum and butyrate.Notably,correlation analysis indicated gut C.butyricum and butyrate were two FR-induced effectors that improved gut health.FMT results suggested that C.butyricum,butyrate,and fecal microbiota from the FR group all reduced prolyl hydroxylase 2(PHD2)expression by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)in the mouse colon.This decrease in gut PHD2 subsequently upregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)expression,which in turn increased the expression of its targeted downstream tight junction proteins,mucin and antimicrobial peptides,and colonic IL-22 secretion.Overall,FR-derived C.butyricum and butyrate might improve gut barrier function through the HIF-1 signaling pathway,which provides a reference for the application of fermented DFRB as a potential functional food for improving of gut barrier function.
