In April this year,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was successfully convened.General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the conference in which he systematically summ...In April this year,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was successfully convened.General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the conference in which he systematically summarized the achievements and experience of China's neighborhood work in the new era.展开更多
The report of the 19;Communist Party of China National Congress is a document with an important historical position and unique historic contribution in the history of the People’s Republic of China and the great reju...The report of the 19;Communist Party of China National Congress is a document with an important historical position and unique historic contribution in the history of the People’s Republic of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The report can be roughly divided into two parts:general principles and substantial content.The general principles comprise four issues,which are judgment of展开更多
The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that t...The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that the field currently lacks innovative methodologies to enhance associated policy and practice that actively harnesses these relational dimensions.To help address these gaps,we apply Paul Ricoeur’s concept of being in the world(“Oneself as Another”)to explore what a relationally-focused understanding might offer for the operationalization of the SFDRR’s 13 Guiding Principles.Our article outlines discursive,concrete,and practical benefits when relational approaches are fostered,including:(1)addressing shortcomings of structuralist,instrumentalist,and rationalist approaches;and(2)achieving more cohesive,ethical,and meaningful disaster resilience outcomes.Our analysis also reveals the particular risks of continuing to focus on the structural organizing of the constituent elements of the SFDRR’s disaster resilience policy and practice instead of attending to relational dimensions and processes.These risks include limiting ourselves to an instrumentally-driven,disconnected discourse and narrative of responses to disaster that favor the Self gaining resilience“through”Another.Thus,the alternative we illustrate,and advocate for,is a relational style of building resilience through prioritizing a robust sense of Oneself“with”Another.It is through this sense of“with”that can enable a shift from asymmetrical to symmetrical forms of policy and practice for future disaster resilience.展开更多
1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments te...1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-展开更多
Xi Jinping:The Governance of China illuminates the guiding principles and strategies shaping the nation’s future OPINION COMMENTARIES ON CURRENT AFFAIRS The release of the fifth volume of Xi Jinping:The Governance of...Xi Jinping:The Governance of China illuminates the guiding principles and strategies shaping the nation’s future OPINION COMMENTARIES ON CURRENT AFFAIRS The release of the fifth volume of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China,consisting of 91 of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s spoken and written works from 27 May 2022 to 20 December 2024.展开更多
Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO...Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State in 2013,the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity has gradually been integrated into the SCO’s development agenda.Under this guiding vision,China has taken the initiative to propose the idea of an SCO community with a shared future,offering a new approach to addressing regional governance challenges.展开更多
This study first analyzes four distinct forms of Fujian folk dance,highlighting the notable differences in their cultural characteristics and dance qualities.It then categorizes these dance forms to align with textboo...This study first analyzes four distinct forms of Fujian folk dance,highlighting the notable differences in their cultural characteristics and dance qualities.It then categorizes these dance forms to align with textbook construction,discussing in depth the principles guiding the development of textbooks that correspond to these classifications.展开更多
Malicious Portable Document Format(PDF)files represent one of the largest threats in the computer security space.Significant research has been done using handwritten signatures and machine learning based on detection ...Malicious Portable Document Format(PDF)files represent one of the largest threats in the computer security space.Significant research has been done using handwritten signatures and machine learning based on detection via manual feature extraction.These approaches are time consuming,require substantial prior knowledge,and the list of features must be updated with each newly discovered vulnerability individually.In this study,we propose two models for PDF malware detection.The first model is a convolutional neural network(CNN)integrated into a standard deviation based regularization model to detect malicious PDF documents.The second model is a support vector machine(SVM)based ensemble model with three different kernels.The two models were trained and tested on two different datasets.The experimental results show that the accuracy of both models is approximately 100%,and the robustness against evasive samples is excellent.Further,the robustness of the models was evaluated with malicious PDF documents generated using Mimicus.Both models can distinguish the different vulnerabilities exploited in malicious files and achieve excellent performance in terms of generalization ability,accuracy,and robustness.展开更多
The translation of place-names plays a significant part in both translation and the process of communication.The translation of place-names is a cross-cultural communication,especially in the translation of the place-...The translation of place-names plays a significant part in both translation and the process of communication.The translation of place-names is a cross-cultural communication,especially in the translation of the place-names with allusion-oriented meaning.The translators should consider the cultural meaning of the place-names and convey the cultural meaning accurately to the foreigners.This paper is based on some cases that have been searched,illustrating the translation of place-names on allusion-oriented from the perspective of cross-cultural communication consciousness and the strategy of foreignization.It also analyzes the basic guiding principl strategies and specific translation methods on the translation of Chinese place-names,as well as the scope es,of various translation methods,such as literal translation,free translation,combination of both of them,and proposes the guiding principles of this kind of translation which should be"literal translation-headed,proper free translation,and appropriate interpretation".The other principles are"following the pronunciation of the owners of proper names,adopting the established popular translated names,and using the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character"etc.Based on it,this paper discusses the translation of the place-names,such as"Zhenyuan'展开更多
The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learnin...The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learning through conversation and listening. One of the marked differences between dialogue teaching and traditional teaching is that dialogue teaching highlights the essence of the teaching process of communication and cooperation. At the same time dialogue teaching is based on students＇ psychological demand, which makes the teaching full of strong emotion. Using the dialogue teaching as the background, this paper mainly provides the guiding principles and practical advice for the teachers＇ classroom language strategies so as to achieve more effective teaching effect.展开更多
The year 2023 was the first year to fully implement the guiding principles laid down at the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),and a year of economic recovery and growth after China secured a ...The year 2023 was the first year to fully implement the guiding principles laid down at the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),and a year of economic recovery and growth after China secured a smooth transition in epidemic response.展开更多
After preclinical research, the effectiveness and safety of new drugs are finally verified by human clinical trials. As an important tool for clinical trial design, implementation and analysis, statistics is becoming ...After preclinical research, the effectiveness and safety of new drugs are finally verified by human clinical trials. As an important tool for clinical trial design, implementation and analysis, statistics is becoming more and more important in innovative drug research and development. Based on the guiding principles of international and domestic regulators and industry consensus, this paper expounds the key issues that should be considered in the statistical analysis plan of confirmatory drug clinical trials.展开更多
The United nations guiding Principles on Business and human Rights requires enterprises to formulate human Rights policies and specify criteria for content and form to fulfill their responsibilities in this area.Resea...The United nations guiding Principles on Business and human Rights requires enterprises to formulate human Rights policies and specify criteria for content and form to fulfill their responsibilities in this area.Research into the human rights policies enacted by the Fortune global 500 enterprises in 2021 reveals aclearl trend and the great practical and theoretical significance of enterprises’human rights policies can be identified.In practice,the widespread application of international human rights norms to enterprises’human rights policies is becoming a universal corporate practice that incorporates both formulation and implementation mechanisms,but there are distinct differences in the application of international human rights norms by enterprises from different countries and industries.Meanwhile,the trend in applying these enterprises’human rights policies reveals a key theoretical significance,i.e.,the trend toward the privatization of human rights norms is breaking away from the theoretical basis of“public law”in the traditional international human rights law.The social norms,including international guidelines and industry norms,are being transformed into“hard law”;and the effect of domestic legislation on enterprises’responsibilities in human rights in other countries transcends national borders and suggests new theoretical possibilities for the extraterritorial extension of a country’s legal will.While enterprises’human rights policies may have become customary rules for international business,there are still many limitations and challenges to their application,which may also pose limitations to their practical effects and theoretical significance.Recommendations are made in the hope that the Chinese government and enterprises will pay attention to the significance of enterprises’human rights policies and improve their understanding and application of the policies to promote global human rights governance in a more equitable,just,reasonable,and inclusive direction.展开更多
The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implem...The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.展开更多
This paper will first look at the timeline of important publications that have been published on sustainable design and have emerged from different schools of thought,to exemplify how gradually the notion of Green Urb...This paper will first look at the timeline of important publications that have been published on sustainable design and have emerged from different schools of thought,to exemplify how gradually the notion of Green Urbanism evolved.It then identifies the intertwined principles for achieving Green Urbanism.展开更多
"Most people can climb the stairs to enter society on their own,where-as some people cannot because of a disability.We are obliged to build ladders for those who need a helping hand."This is the guiding prin..."Most people can climb the stairs to enter society on their own,where-as some people cannot because of a disability.We are obliged to build ladders for those who need a helping hand."This is the guiding principle of Zhang Huanxia,head of the Chenguang Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Service Center in Chaoyang District,Beijing.展开更多
Similar to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Tibetan medicine emphasizes the concepts of holism,balance,and etiology.With the individual as the nexus of macro-and micro-ecologies,multi-layered systemic etiologies,info...Similar to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Tibetan medicine emphasizes the concepts of holism,balance,and etiology.With the individual as the nexus of macro-and micro-ecologies,multi-layered systemic etiologies,inform therapeutic pharmacologies for cultivating network effects to induce the healing response.Tibetan medicine approaches health and healing through perspectives that frame the balance achieved in the internal world as inextricably linked to balance in the external world,and vice versa,that includes expressions of mind and consciousness.The external world refers to the broader context of the natural world as comprised of matter and energy expressed through five elemental dynamics(Chi.Tu,Shui,Huo,Feng and Kong;Tib.Sa,Chu,Mé,r Lung and Kha)describing principles of solidity,cohesion,heat,motility,and interactive space,or earth,water,fire,wind and space,respectively.The internal world refers to the local context of the physical mass and biochemical cascades of energy transfers comprising the human body,its behaviors and functions,including cognitive factors,as also expressed through the five elemental dynamics.The external and internal systems merge as a unified whole,where the five elemental dynamics characterize materio-energetic exchanges between the broader and local ecologies of individual body and natural world,as well as social relations,mental affects,and contextual conditions.The interdependence,opposition,restriction and transformation among three physiological systems known as nyépa(Three Causal Factors)-r Lung,Tripa and Béken(pronounced lōōng,trīpa,baekan,respectively)-are used to discuss the balance of the whole.The causal origins of disease are explained through disturbances to these systems as a combination of afflictive mental factors,physiologic imbalances,and disturbing conditions from the natural world,such as environmental toxins,pathogens,and exposures.Of the three causal origins,afflictive mental factors are particularly emphasized as important etiological conditioning influences.Initiation and progression of disease is divided into four stages:baseline stage,initiating stage,developing stage,and maturing stage.Each stage has an explicit therapeutic paradigm for treatment,recovery,and health maintenance demonstrating the distinct theoretical framework for disease treatment in Tibetan medicine as specific to individual body,particular disease etiology,and constitutionally-directed unique compound metabolism pharmacodynamically.展开更多
Natural disasters, war, civil unrest and other catastrophes continue to disrupt, and often seriously endanger, the lives of millions of people around the world. Whatever their cause, emergencies pose a particularly gr...Natural disasters, war, civil unrest and other catastrophes continue to disrupt, and often seriously endanger, the lives of millions of people around the world. Whatever their cause, emergencies pose a particularly grave threat to health, nutritional status and very survival of infants and young children. Fortunately, much of the disability and death typical among this age group in such circumstances can be averted-provided proper feeding and care can be ensured.展开更多
文摘In April this year,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was successfully convened.General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the conference in which he systematically summarized the achievements and experience of China's neighborhood work in the new era.
文摘The report of the 19;Communist Party of China National Congress is a document with an important historical position and unique historic contribution in the history of the People’s Republic of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The report can be roughly divided into two parts:general principles and substantial content.The general principles comprise four issues,which are judgment of
文摘The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that the field currently lacks innovative methodologies to enhance associated policy and practice that actively harnesses these relational dimensions.To help address these gaps,we apply Paul Ricoeur’s concept of being in the world(“Oneself as Another”)to explore what a relationally-focused understanding might offer for the operationalization of the SFDRR’s 13 Guiding Principles.Our article outlines discursive,concrete,and practical benefits when relational approaches are fostered,including:(1)addressing shortcomings of structuralist,instrumentalist,and rationalist approaches;and(2)achieving more cohesive,ethical,and meaningful disaster resilience outcomes.Our analysis also reveals the particular risks of continuing to focus on the structural organizing of the constituent elements of the SFDRR’s disaster resilience policy and practice instead of attending to relational dimensions and processes.These risks include limiting ourselves to an instrumentally-driven,disconnected discourse and narrative of responses to disaster that favor the Self gaining resilience“through”Another.Thus,the alternative we illustrate,and advocate for,is a relational style of building resilience through prioritizing a robust sense of Oneself“with”Another.It is through this sense of“with”that can enable a shift from asymmetrical to symmetrical forms of policy and practice for future disaster resilience.
文摘1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-
文摘Xi Jinping:The Governance of China illuminates the guiding principles and strategies shaping the nation’s future OPINION COMMENTARIES ON CURRENT AFFAIRS The release of the fifth volume of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China,consisting of 91 of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s spoken and written works from 27 May 2022 to 20 December 2024.
文摘Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State in 2013,the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity has gradually been integrated into the SCO’s development agenda.Under this guiding vision,China has taken the initiative to propose the idea of an SCO community with a shared future,offering a new approach to addressing regional governance challenges.
文摘This study first analyzes four distinct forms of Fujian folk dance,highlighting the notable differences in their cultural characteristics and dance qualities.It then categorizes these dance forms to align with textbook construction,discussing in depth the principles guiding the development of textbooks that correspond to these classifications.
基金This research work was funded by Makkah Digital Gate Initiative under Grant No.(MDP-IRI-16-2020).Therefore,authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from Emirate Of Makkah Province and King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Malicious Portable Document Format(PDF)files represent one of the largest threats in the computer security space.Significant research has been done using handwritten signatures and machine learning based on detection via manual feature extraction.These approaches are time consuming,require substantial prior knowledge,and the list of features must be updated with each newly discovered vulnerability individually.In this study,we propose two models for PDF malware detection.The first model is a convolutional neural network(CNN)integrated into a standard deviation based regularization model to detect malicious PDF documents.The second model is a support vector machine(SVM)based ensemble model with three different kernels.The two models were trained and tested on two different datasets.The experimental results show that the accuracy of both models is approximately 100%,and the robustness against evasive samples is excellent.Further,the robustness of the models was evaluated with malicious PDF documents generated using Mimicus.Both models can distinguish the different vulnerabilities exploited in malicious files and achieve excellent performance in terms of generalization ability,accuracy,and robustness.
文摘The translation of place-names plays a significant part in both translation and the process of communication.The translation of place-names is a cross-cultural communication,especially in the translation of the place-names with allusion-oriented meaning.The translators should consider the cultural meaning of the place-names and convey the cultural meaning accurately to the foreigners.This paper is based on some cases that have been searched,illustrating the translation of place-names on allusion-oriented from the perspective of cross-cultural communication consciousness and the strategy of foreignization.It also analyzes the basic guiding principl strategies and specific translation methods on the translation of Chinese place-names,as well as the scope es,of various translation methods,such as literal translation,free translation,combination of both of them,and proposes the guiding principles of this kind of translation which should be"literal translation-headed,proper free translation,and appropriate interpretation".The other principles are"following the pronunciation of the owners of proper names,adopting the established popular translated names,and using the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character"etc.Based on it,this paper discusses the translation of the place-names,such as"Zhenyuan'
文摘The core of dialogue teaching is dialogue. The dialogue here refers to the way in which the teachers and students based on mutual respect, trust and equal position carry on the two-way communication and mutual learning through conversation and listening. One of the marked differences between dialogue teaching and traditional teaching is that dialogue teaching highlights the essence of the teaching process of communication and cooperation. At the same time dialogue teaching is based on students＇ psychological demand, which makes the teaching full of strong emotion. Using the dialogue teaching as the background, this paper mainly provides the guiding principles and practical advice for the teachers＇ classroom language strategies so as to achieve more effective teaching effect.
文摘The year 2023 was the first year to fully implement the guiding principles laid down at the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),and a year of economic recovery and growth after China secured a smooth transition in epidemic response.
文摘After preclinical research, the effectiveness and safety of new drugs are finally verified by human clinical trials. As an important tool for clinical trial design, implementation and analysis, statistics is becoming more and more important in innovative drug research and development. Based on the guiding principles of international and domestic regulators and industry consensus, this paper expounds the key issues that should be considered in the statistical analysis plan of confirmatory drug clinical trials.
文摘The United nations guiding Principles on Business and human Rights requires enterprises to formulate human Rights policies and specify criteria for content and form to fulfill their responsibilities in this area.Research into the human rights policies enacted by the Fortune global 500 enterprises in 2021 reveals aclearl trend and the great practical and theoretical significance of enterprises’human rights policies can be identified.In practice,the widespread application of international human rights norms to enterprises’human rights policies is becoming a universal corporate practice that incorporates both formulation and implementation mechanisms,but there are distinct differences in the application of international human rights norms by enterprises from different countries and industries.Meanwhile,the trend in applying these enterprises’human rights policies reveals a key theoretical significance,i.e.,the trend toward the privatization of human rights norms is breaking away from the theoretical basis of“public law”in the traditional international human rights law.The social norms,including international guidelines and industry norms,are being transformed into“hard law”;and the effect of domestic legislation on enterprises’responsibilities in human rights in other countries transcends national borders and suggests new theoretical possibilities for the extraterritorial extension of a country’s legal will.While enterprises’human rights policies may have become customary rules for international business,there are still many limitations and challenges to their application,which may also pose limitations to their practical effects and theoretical significance.Recommendations are made in the hope that the Chinese government and enterprises will pay attention to the significance of enterprises’human rights policies and improve their understanding and application of the policies to promote global human rights governance in a more equitable,just,reasonable,and inclusive direction.
基金The work of A.Jacobsen,C.Evelo,M.Thompson,R.Cornet,R.Kaliyaperuma and M.Roos is supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the EJP RD COFUND-EJP N°825575.The work of A.Jacobsen,C.Evelo,C.Goble,M.Thompson,N.Juty,R.Hooft,M.Roos,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista is supported by funding from ELIXIR EXCELERATE,H2020 grant agreement number 676559.R.Hooft was further funded by NL NWO NRGWI.obrug.2018.009.N.Juty and C.Goble were funded by CORBEL(H2020 grant agreement 654248)N.Juty,C.Goble,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista were funded by FAIRplus(IMI grant agreement 802750)+13 种基金N.Juty,C.Goble,M.Thompson,M.Roos,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista were funded by EOSClife H2020-EU(grant agreement number 824087)C.Goble was funded by DMMCore(BBSRC BB/M013189/)M.Thompson,M.Roos received funding from NWO(VWData 400.17.605)S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista have been funded by grants awarded to S-A.Sansone from the UK BBSRC and Research Councils(BB/L024101/1,BB/L005069/1)EU(H2020-EU 634107H2020-EU 654241,IMI(IMPRiND 116060)NIH Data Common Fund,and from the Wellcome Trust(ISA-InterMine 212930/Z/18/ZFAIRsharing 208381/A/17/Z)The work of A.Waagmeester has been funded by grant award number GM089820 from the National Institutes of Health.M.Kersloot was funded by the European Regional Development Fund(KVW-00163).The work of N.Meyers was funded by the National Science Foundation(OAC 1839030)The work of M.D.Wilkinson is funded by Isaac Peral/Marie Curie cofund with the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant number TIN2014-55993-RMThe work of B.Magagna,E.Schultes,L.da Silva Santos and K.Jeffery is funded by the H2020-EU 824068The work of B.Magagna,E.Schultes and L.da Silva Santos is funded by the GO FAIR ISCO grant of the Dutch Ministry of Science and CultureThe work of G.Guizzardi is supported by the OCEAN Project(FUB).M.Courtot received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No.802750.R.Cornet was further funded by FAIR4Health(H2020-EU grant agreement number 824666)K.Jeffery received funding from EPOS-IP H2020-EU agreement 676564 and ENVRIplus H2020-EU agreement 654182.
文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.
文摘This paper will first look at the timeline of important publications that have been published on sustainable design and have emerged from different schools of thought,to exemplify how gradually the notion of Green Urbanism evolved.It then identifies the intertwined principles for achieving Green Urbanism.
文摘"Most people can climb the stairs to enter society on their own,where-as some people cannot because of a disability.We are obliged to build ladders for those who need a helping hand."This is the guiding principle of Zhang Huanxia,head of the Chenguang Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Service Center in Chaoyang District,Beijing.
基金Tibet Science and Technology Department,project type Tibetan medicine regional collaborative innovation project,project name Tibetan Medicine Sanchensan Chemical Composition Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity Research,Project lot number 2017XTCX010,Project Leader Liu Tonghua,Ren XiaoqiaoNational Natural Science Foundation of China(81774448),project leader Ren Xiaoqiao+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973697),project leader Zhao HuihuiCenter for Healthy Minds Project number AAG8698,University of Wisconsin-Madison,project leader Tawni Tidwell
文摘Similar to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Tibetan medicine emphasizes the concepts of holism,balance,and etiology.With the individual as the nexus of macro-and micro-ecologies,multi-layered systemic etiologies,inform therapeutic pharmacologies for cultivating network effects to induce the healing response.Tibetan medicine approaches health and healing through perspectives that frame the balance achieved in the internal world as inextricably linked to balance in the external world,and vice versa,that includes expressions of mind and consciousness.The external world refers to the broader context of the natural world as comprised of matter and energy expressed through five elemental dynamics(Chi.Tu,Shui,Huo,Feng and Kong;Tib.Sa,Chu,Mé,r Lung and Kha)describing principles of solidity,cohesion,heat,motility,and interactive space,or earth,water,fire,wind and space,respectively.The internal world refers to the local context of the physical mass and biochemical cascades of energy transfers comprising the human body,its behaviors and functions,including cognitive factors,as also expressed through the five elemental dynamics.The external and internal systems merge as a unified whole,where the five elemental dynamics characterize materio-energetic exchanges between the broader and local ecologies of individual body and natural world,as well as social relations,mental affects,and contextual conditions.The interdependence,opposition,restriction and transformation among three physiological systems known as nyépa(Three Causal Factors)-r Lung,Tripa and Béken(pronounced lōōng,trīpa,baekan,respectively)-are used to discuss the balance of the whole.The causal origins of disease are explained through disturbances to these systems as a combination of afflictive mental factors,physiologic imbalances,and disturbing conditions from the natural world,such as environmental toxins,pathogens,and exposures.Of the three causal origins,afflictive mental factors are particularly emphasized as important etiological conditioning influences.Initiation and progression of disease is divided into four stages:baseline stage,initiating stage,developing stage,and maturing stage.Each stage has an explicit therapeutic paradigm for treatment,recovery,and health maintenance demonstrating the distinct theoretical framework for disease treatment in Tibetan medicine as specific to individual body,particular disease etiology,and constitutionally-directed unique compound metabolism pharmacodynamically.
文摘Natural disasters, war, civil unrest and other catastrophes continue to disrupt, and often seriously endanger, the lives of millions of people around the world. Whatever their cause, emergencies pose a particularly grave threat to health, nutritional status and very survival of infants and young children. Fortunately, much of the disability and death typical among this age group in such circumstances can be averted-provided proper feeding and care can be ensured.
