给出一种基于直流潮流灵敏度的断面潮流定向控制新方法。首先利用直流潮流获得断面支路对应的发电机输出功率转移分布因子(GSDF)矩阵;进而根据断面潮流定向控制需要,利用断面的GSDF矩阵,通过非线性优化确定断面潮流调控方案。该方法不...给出一种基于直流潮流灵敏度的断面潮流定向控制新方法。首先利用直流潮流获得断面支路对应的发电机输出功率转移分布因子(GSDF)矩阵;进而根据断面潮流定向控制需要,利用断面的GSDF矩阵,通过非线性优化确定断面潮流调控方案。该方法不仅可实现对断面总潮流的准确控制,并可兼顾各支路潮流不同变动目标的定向要求。New England 39节点、IEEE118节点等系统验证结果表明,该方法可对断面潮流进行较精确的定向控制,工程应用前景良好。展开更多
有性繁殖的性别决定机制虽具有多样性,但其生殖细胞都经过几轮有丝分裂和增殖后进入减数分裂,最终产生雌性或雄性配子。尽管有丝分裂过程中的生殖细胞在形态上没有雌雄差异,然而,未分化的生殖细胞在有丝分裂过程中如何获得雌雄性别特征...有性繁殖的性别决定机制虽具有多样性,但其生殖细胞都经过几轮有丝分裂和增殖后进入减数分裂,最终产生雌性或雄性配子。尽管有丝分裂过程中的生殖细胞在形态上没有雌雄差异,然而,未分化的生殖细胞在有丝分裂过程中如何获得雌雄性别特征尚不清楚。青鳉(Oryzias latipes)正常XX卵巢、正常XY精巢以及性腺体细胞衍生因子(gonadal soma-derived factor,gsdf)缺失型(gsdf^(-/-))卵巢的蛋白质组学质谱比对分析结果显示,gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中Tsn(Translin)蛋白产物显著高于gsdf^(-/-)XX卵巢,提示Tsn蛋白表达可能受dmy(DM-domain on Y chromosome,又名dmrt1bY)及下游Gsdf雄性信号调控。从青鳉性腺组织的cDNA中克隆了tsn基因的ORF(Open Reading Frame)片段。氨基酸序列的同源性比对分析及系统发育树评估显示,Tsn在脊椎动物物种间具有进化保守性,青鳉和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的Tsn氨基酸序列高度同源。反转录PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,tsn的mRNA在野生型青鳉多个组织中广泛表达,其中在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢。免疫荧光检测发现,gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中抗青鳉Tsn抗体阳性反应的囊性生殖细胞异常增多,同蛋白组学分析得到的gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中Tsn蛋白表达量高于gsdf^(-/-)XX卵巢的结果相一致。在青鳉性腺分化发育过程中,Gsdf信号可能抑制Tsn阳性的雄性囊性生殖细胞增殖,当该信号被破坏后,这种抑制作用消失,导致Tsn阳性生殖细胞在gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中大量积累。青鳉Tsn阳性生殖细胞的囊性增殖,是青鳉有丝分裂期生殖细胞雄性分化的特征之一,为脊椎动物有丝分裂期生殖细胞的雌雄性别鉴定提供了线索。展开更多
The whole-genome sequence of the olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)provides a basis for gene functional analyses,which is important for the aquaculture industry.Understanding gene function will help us to select b...The whole-genome sequence of the olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)provides a basis for gene functional analyses,which is important for the aquaculture industry.Understanding gene function will help us to select better economic traits such as fast growth and better culture conditions,which further will increase the aquaculture output.Gene knockout is an important reverse genetics approach for in vivo studies of gene function.In this study,the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method with a microinjection system using a simple braked needle was employed in olive flounder.After injection in embryos,green fluorescent protein expression was detected in 40%of larvae.The proportion of normal-hatched larvae was approximately 50%.Different mutations,including short indels and fragment deletions,were found in our test genes gsdf and myomaker.Additionally,we detected more than one mutation in a single larva.In summary,our microinjection technique and CRISPR/Cas9 can be applied to study gene functions in olive flounder.展开更多
Gonadal soma-derived factor(Gsdf)is a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)superfamily and a teleost-specific gene.Early studies suggested that Gsdf promotes spermatogonial proliferation;however recent...Gonadal soma-derived factor(Gsdf)is a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)superfamily and a teleost-specific gene.Early studies suggested that Gsdf promotes spermatogonial proliferation;however recent reports have shed light on its role in sex differentiation based on expression profiles and gain-and loss-of-function studies.This paper discusses the involvement of Gsdf in gonadal sex differentiation and sex changes in teleosts.展开更多
文摘给出一种基于直流潮流灵敏度的断面潮流定向控制新方法。首先利用直流潮流获得断面支路对应的发电机输出功率转移分布因子(GSDF)矩阵;进而根据断面潮流定向控制需要,利用断面的GSDF矩阵,通过非线性优化确定断面潮流调控方案。该方法不仅可实现对断面总潮流的准确控制,并可兼顾各支路潮流不同变动目标的定向要求。New England 39节点、IEEE118节点等系统验证结果表明,该方法可对断面潮流进行较精确的定向控制,工程应用前景良好。
文摘有性繁殖的性别决定机制虽具有多样性,但其生殖细胞都经过几轮有丝分裂和增殖后进入减数分裂,最终产生雌性或雄性配子。尽管有丝分裂过程中的生殖细胞在形态上没有雌雄差异,然而,未分化的生殖细胞在有丝分裂过程中如何获得雌雄性别特征尚不清楚。青鳉(Oryzias latipes)正常XX卵巢、正常XY精巢以及性腺体细胞衍生因子(gonadal soma-derived factor,gsdf)缺失型(gsdf^(-/-))卵巢的蛋白质组学质谱比对分析结果显示,gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中Tsn(Translin)蛋白产物显著高于gsdf^(-/-)XX卵巢,提示Tsn蛋白表达可能受dmy(DM-domain on Y chromosome,又名dmrt1bY)及下游Gsdf雄性信号调控。从青鳉性腺组织的cDNA中克隆了tsn基因的ORF(Open Reading Frame)片段。氨基酸序列的同源性比对分析及系统发育树评估显示,Tsn在脊椎动物物种间具有进化保守性,青鳉和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的Tsn氨基酸序列高度同源。反转录PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,tsn的mRNA在野生型青鳉多个组织中广泛表达,其中在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢。免疫荧光检测发现,gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中抗青鳉Tsn抗体阳性反应的囊性生殖细胞异常增多,同蛋白组学分析得到的gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中Tsn蛋白表达量高于gsdf^(-/-)XX卵巢的结果相一致。在青鳉性腺分化发育过程中,Gsdf信号可能抑制Tsn阳性的雄性囊性生殖细胞增殖,当该信号被破坏后,这种抑制作用消失,导致Tsn阳性生殖细胞在gsdf^(-/-)XY卵巢中大量积累。青鳉Tsn阳性生殖细胞的囊性增殖,是青鳉有丝分裂期生殖细胞雄性分化的特征之一,为脊椎动物有丝分裂期生殖细胞的雌雄性别鉴定提供了线索。
基金the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Nos.31672636,31772834,and 31972774)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFD0901202 and 2018YFD0900202)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Pro-vince,China(No.2019GHY1120070)。
文摘The whole-genome sequence of the olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)provides a basis for gene functional analyses,which is important for the aquaculture industry.Understanding gene function will help us to select better economic traits such as fast growth and better culture conditions,which further will increase the aquaculture output.Gene knockout is an important reverse genetics approach for in vivo studies of gene function.In this study,the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method with a microinjection system using a simple braked needle was employed in olive flounder.After injection in embryos,green fluorescent protein expression was detected in 40%of larvae.The proportion of normal-hatched larvae was approximately 50%.Different mutations,including short indels and fragment deletions,were found in our test genes gsdf and myomaker.Additionally,we detected more than one mutation in a single larva.In summary,our microinjection technique and CRISPR/Cas9 can be applied to study gene functions in olive flounder.
基金supported by UK-Japan Research Collaboration Grants from the Ministry of the Environment,Japan,and JSPS KAKENHI grant No.18H02281 awarded to T.K.
文摘Gonadal soma-derived factor(Gsdf)is a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)superfamily and a teleost-specific gene.Early studies suggested that Gsdf promotes spermatogonial proliferation;however recent reports have shed light on its role in sex differentiation based on expression profiles and gain-and loss-of-function studies.This paper discusses the involvement of Gsdf in gonadal sex differentiation and sex changes in teleosts.
