In this paper, 18 scientists from China and other countries were selected for consideration as case studies of‘strategic scientists'. They were chosen according to their involvement in science and technology poli...In this paper, 18 scientists from China and other countries were selected for consideration as case studies of‘strategic scientists'. They were chosen according to their involvement in science and technology policy decision-making, development of key and advantageous fields, creation of new disciplines, construction of academic traditions, and intersections between science and industry. On this basis, we found that the growth paths of strategic scientists can be divided into three phases: as talented young scientists, as gatekeepers in related disciplines or research fields, and as consultants for national science and technology decision-making. Based on this trichotomy, we explored the characteristics of strategic scientists and the conditions required for their growth in each phase. Finally, policy suggestions are proposed for the cultivation and use of strategic scientists.展开更多
In this paper,the endogenous demographic transition function is integrated into the classical Solow model. It is proven that the differential equation which describes the model at least has a nonzero equilibrium. The ...In this paper,the endogenous demographic transition function is integrated into the classical Solow model. It is proven that the differential equation which describes the model at least has a nonzero equilibrium. The differential equation has several equilibria when the technological level or the saving rate is not high enough and undergoes bifurcation at some specified parame-ter values. Therefore,the economy described by the model pre-sents multiple growth paths and ＂Malthusian Poverty Trap＂ when the technological level or the saving rate is low.展开更多
Danba （丹巴） domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan （松潘）-Ganze （甘孜） orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, sta...Danba （丹巴） domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan （松潘）-Ganze （甘孜） orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones, while the latter only developed silimanite＋muscovite and sillimanite＋K-feldspar zones. Integrated study has been carried on metamorphic reactions of garnet production and consumption, P-T paths and P-T-X-M phase relation and thermal tectonic model for Danba metamorphic zones. Petrological textures in thin sections show that garnet production and consumption in kyanite-sillimanite zone is mainly attributed to ChI＋Ms＋PI＋Q= Grt＋Bt＋H20 and kyanite=sillimanite respectively. Based on mineral compositions, the geothermo- barometry gives an average P, T condition of （4.9±0.3）×10^8 Pa, 543±30 ℃ for the first growth stage of the garnet and （5.8±0.3）×10^8 Pa, 534±29 ℃ for the second stage of garnet growth respectively. Anti-counter clockwise P-T paths were drawn using Gibbs method by NCMnKFMASH system for sample G98686 in the kyanite zone. The P-T-X-M modeling for the first mineral assemblages shows that the prediction is similar to the measured values in gossular, almandine and spessartine but mole fraction of pyrope and Fe/（Fe＋Mg） deviated far from the contours; while that for the second mineral assemblages exhibits that the prediction is consistent with the measured value of pyrope, grossular content and Fe/（Fe＋Mg） of garnet. A thermal tectonic model that there are at least three structure levels across the thrust-decollement zones is presented according to the P-T paths, metamorphic grades and deformation styles for the staurolite-kyanite zone of the Barrovian type metamorphism, which will provide some constraints for the evolution of the nappe complex.展开更多
基金supported by a research project titled ‘The Growth Path of Strategic Scientists based on case studies’ launched by the National Academy of Innovation Strategy,CAST (grant no 2022-sjzx-05)
文摘In this paper, 18 scientists from China and other countries were selected for consideration as case studies of‘strategic scientists'. They were chosen according to their involvement in science and technology policy decision-making, development of key and advantageous fields, creation of new disciplines, construction of academic traditions, and intersections between science and industry. On this basis, we found that the growth paths of strategic scientists can be divided into three phases: as talented young scientists, as gatekeepers in related disciplines or research fields, and as consultants for national science and technology decision-making. Based on this trichotomy, we explored the characteristics of strategic scientists and the conditions required for their growth in each phase. Finally, policy suggestions are proposed for the cultivation and use of strategic scientists.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70871094)the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Item of Ministry of Education of China (09YJA790155)
文摘In this paper,the endogenous demographic transition function is integrated into the classical Solow model. It is proven that the differential equation which describes the model at least has a nonzero equilibrium. The differential equation has several equilibria when the technological level or the saving rate is not high enough and undergoes bifurcation at some specified parame-ter values. Therefore,the economy described by the model pre-sents multiple growth paths and ＂Malthusian Poverty Trap＂ when the technological level or the saving rate is low.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40472097, 90814006)Re-search Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20070491516)
文摘Danba （丹巴） domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan （松潘）-Ganze （甘孜） orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones, while the latter only developed silimanite＋muscovite and sillimanite＋K-feldspar zones. Integrated study has been carried on metamorphic reactions of garnet production and consumption, P-T paths and P-T-X-M phase relation and thermal tectonic model for Danba metamorphic zones. Petrological textures in thin sections show that garnet production and consumption in kyanite-sillimanite zone is mainly attributed to ChI＋Ms＋PI＋Q= Grt＋Bt＋H20 and kyanite=sillimanite respectively. Based on mineral compositions, the geothermo- barometry gives an average P, T condition of （4.9±0.3）×10^8 Pa, 543±30 ℃ for the first growth stage of the garnet and （5.8±0.3）×10^8 Pa, 534±29 ℃ for the second stage of garnet growth respectively. Anti-counter clockwise P-T paths were drawn using Gibbs method by NCMnKFMASH system for sample G98686 in the kyanite zone. The P-T-X-M modeling for the first mineral assemblages shows that the prediction is similar to the measured values in gossular, almandine and spessartine but mole fraction of pyrope and Fe/（Fe＋Mg） deviated far from the contours; while that for the second mineral assemblages exhibits that the prediction is consistent with the measured value of pyrope, grossular content and Fe/（Fe＋Mg） of garnet. A thermal tectonic model that there are at least three structure levels across the thrust-decollement zones is presented according to the P-T paths, metamorphic grades and deformation styles for the staurolite-kyanite zone of the Barrovian type metamorphism, which will provide some constraints for the evolution of the nappe complex.
