Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, ...Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.展开更多
Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportuni...Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportunities due to their rapid responses,flexible installation,and excellent performances.However,because of the complexity,multifunctionality,and wide deployment of power grids,trade-offs in battery performance exist,especially when considering economics,environmental effects,and safety.Therefore,establishing a comprehensive assessment of battery technologies is an urgent undertaking.In this work,we present an analysis of rough sets to evaluate the integration of battery systems(e.g.,lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries,nickel/metal-hydrogen batteries,zinc-air batteries,and Na-S batteries)into a power grid.Specifically,technological properties,economic significance,environmental effects,and safety of these battery systems are evaluated on the basis of rough set theory.In addition,some perspectives are provided to promote the development of battery technologies for grid-level energy storage.展开更多
电动汽车作为一种新兴的绿色能源载体,凭借其闲置时间长和储能特性,不仅可以缓解电网负荷压力,还可通过合理调度实现源荷协同互动,降低碳排放。因此,如何充分发挥电动汽车的灵活性,构建兼顾电网安全、经济和低碳目标的优化运行策略,成...电动汽车作为一种新兴的绿色能源载体,凭借其闲置时间长和储能特性,不仅可以缓解电网负荷压力,还可通过合理调度实现源荷协同互动,降低碳排放。因此,如何充分发挥电动汽车的灵活性,构建兼顾电网安全、经济和低碳目标的优化运行策略,成为当前亟须解决的重要问题。为解决此问题,提出了一种针对高峰负荷的低碳优化调度方法,重点研究了电动汽车作为车网互动(vehicle to grid,V2G)储能资源的调度策略。为了充分调动电动汽车车主的参与积极性,考虑车主的经济激励,提出基于双层优化的调度方法。该方法的上层为电力系统,目标是通过最小化综合成本来制定V2G储能的充放电计划;下层主体为电动汽车车主,考虑电池损耗,目标为最小化车主经济支出。仿真结果表明,所提双层优化方法不仅能够有效提升电力系统的供电可靠性和低碳性,还能兼顾车主的经济利益,从而提高车主参与V2G储能调度的积极性和可行性。展开更多
文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
文摘Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportunities due to their rapid responses,flexible installation,and excellent performances.However,because of the complexity,multifunctionality,and wide deployment of power grids,trade-offs in battery performance exist,especially when considering economics,environmental effects,and safety.Therefore,establishing a comprehensive assessment of battery technologies is an urgent undertaking.In this work,we present an analysis of rough sets to evaluate the integration of battery systems(e.g.,lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries,nickel/metal-hydrogen batteries,zinc-air batteries,and Na-S batteries)into a power grid.Specifically,technological properties,economic significance,environmental effects,and safety of these battery systems are evaluated on the basis of rough set theory.In addition,some perspectives are provided to promote the development of battery technologies for grid-level energy storage.
文摘电动汽车作为一种新兴的绿色能源载体,凭借其闲置时间长和储能特性,不仅可以缓解电网负荷压力,还可通过合理调度实现源荷协同互动,降低碳排放。因此,如何充分发挥电动汽车的灵活性,构建兼顾电网安全、经济和低碳目标的优化运行策略,成为当前亟须解决的重要问题。为解决此问题,提出了一种针对高峰负荷的低碳优化调度方法,重点研究了电动汽车作为车网互动(vehicle to grid,V2G)储能资源的调度策略。为了充分调动电动汽车车主的参与积极性,考虑车主的经济激励,提出基于双层优化的调度方法。该方法的上层为电力系统,目标是通过最小化综合成本来制定V2G储能的充放电计划;下层主体为电动汽车车主,考虑电池损耗,目标为最小化车主经济支出。仿真结果表明,所提双层优化方法不仅能够有效提升电力系统的供电可靠性和低碳性,还能兼顾车主的经济利益,从而提高车主参与V2G储能调度的积极性和可行性。
