Existing evidence suggests residential greenness is beneficial to human,while no research to date explored the associations of greenness with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To evaluate the association of greenn...Existing evidence suggests residential greenness is beneficial to human,while no research to date explored the associations of greenness with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To evaluate the association of greenness with AMD,modification and mediation effect of air pollution,we conducted this prospective study.We con-structed weighted quantile sum(WQS)index as co-exposure to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),particulate matter<2.5μm(PM_(2.5)),particulate matter<10μm(PM10).Stratified Cox regression models were applied to test the effect of exposure.Effect modification of air pollution was assessed.Stratified Cox models through the indirect method and Aalen additive risk models were used in mediation analysis.Over median follow-up of 11.67 years,4596 AMD events were ascertained.Hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)of incident AMD for pollution per interquartile range(IQR)increment were 1.10(1.04–1.16)for nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)),1.09(1.03–1.15)for NO_(x),1.14(1.05–1.24)for PM_(2.5),1.13(1.05–1.21)for PM10.The HR(95%CI)of AMD associated with greenness 1000 m buffer per IQR increment was 0.91(0.86–0.97),300 m buffer was 0.94(0.89–0.99).The as-sociation between greenness 1000 m and AMD was 28.59%,44.77%,35.59%,32.31%and 27.08%mediated by the decreased WQS index,NO_(2),NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and PM10,respectively.Increased greenness was associated with lower AMD incidence,and air pollution partly mediate it,which implies that interventions aimed at improving air quality and increasing greenness could have a dual benefit in mitigating AMD risk.展开更多
The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sam...The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sample processing,instruments,energy consumed,and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures,need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays.In this study,we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods(GEMAM).The new greenness metric is simple,flexible,and comprehensive.The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC(SIGNIFICANCE)and the 10 factors of sample preparation,and the results are presented on a 0–10 scale.The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform,and its results are easy to interpret.The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.展开更多
The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health an...The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health and provide mitigation as early as possible.Phenotyping is a non-destructive method for assessing crop responses to environmental stresses and can be performed using airborne systems.Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS)have significantly contributed to high-throughput phenotyping andmade the process rapid,efficient,and non-invasive for collecting large-scale agronomic data.Because of the high complexity and cost of specialized equipment used in aerial phenotyping,such as multispectral and hyperspectral cameras as well as lidar,this study proposes a framework for implementing aerial phenotyping where chlorophyll estimation,leaf count,and coverage are determined using the RGB(Red,Green and Blue)camera native to a UAS.Thestudy proposes the Dynamic Coefficient Triangular Greenness Index(DCTGI)for aerial phenotyping.Evaluation of the proposed DCTGI includes the correlation with chlorophyll content estimated using a Soil Plant Analysis Development(SPAD)chlorophyll meter on randomly sampled Liberica coffee seedlings.Analysis revealed a strong relationship between DCTGI values and chlorophyll estimates derived from SPAD measurements,with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.912.However,the study didn’t implement tissue-level validation and field-scale temporal analysis to assess seasonal variability.In addition,the SPAD meter provided the approximate nitrogen content together with the chlorohyll estimate.展开更多
Different government departments and researchers have paid considerable atten- tion at various levels to improving the eco-environment in ecologically fragile areas. Over the past decade, large numbers of people have ...Different government departments and researchers have paid considerable atten- tion at various levels to improving the eco-environment in ecologically fragile areas. Over the past decade, large numbers of people have emigrated from rural areas as a result of the rapid urbanization in Chinese society. The question then remains： to what extent does this migra- tion affect the regional vegetation greenness in the areas that people have moved from？ Based on normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data with a resolution of 1 km, as well as meteorological data and socio-economic data from 2000 to 2010 in Inner Mongolia, the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation greenness in the study area was analyzed via trend analysis and significance test methods. The contributions of human activities and natural factors to the variation of vegetation conditions during this period were also quantita- tively tested and verified, using a multi-regression analysis method. We found that： （1）the vegetation greenness of the study area increased by 10.1% during 2000-2010. More than 28% of the vegetation greenness increased significantly, and only about 2% decreased evi- dently during the study period. （2） The area with significant degradation showed a banded distribution at the northern edge of the agro-pastoral ecotone in central Inner Mongolia. This indicates that the eco-environment is still fragile in this area, which should be paid close at- tention. The area where vegetation greenness significantly improved showed a concentrated distribution in the southeast and west of Inner Mongolia. （3） The effect of agricultural labor on vegetation greenness exceeded those due to natural factors （i.e. precipitation and tempera- ture）. The emigration of agricultural labor improved the regional vegetation greenness sig- nificantly.展开更多
In Northeast Thailand, the climate change has resulted in erratic rainfall and tem- perature patterns. The region has experienced both periods of drought and seasonal floods with the increasing severity. This study in...In Northeast Thailand, the climate change has resulted in erratic rainfall and tem- perature patterns. The region has experienced both periods of drought and seasonal floods with the increasing severity. This study investigated the seasonal variation of vegetation greenness based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） in major land cover types in the region. An assessment of the relationship between climate patterns and vegeta- tion conditions observed from NDVI was made. NDVI data were collected from year 2001 to 2009 using multi-temporal Terra MODIS Vegetation Indices Product （MOD13Q1）. NDVI pro- files were developed to measure vegetation dynamics and variation according to land cover types. Meteorological information, i.e. rainfall and temperature, for a 30 year time span from 1980 to 2009 was analyzed for their patterns. Furthermore, the data taken from the period of 2001-2009, were digitally encoded into GIS database and the spatial patterns of monthly rainfall and temperature maps were generated based on kriging technique. The results showed a decreasing trend in NDVI values for both deciduous and evergreen forests. The highest productivity and biomass were observed in dry evergreen forests and the lowest in paddy fields. Temperature was found to be increasing slightly from 1980 to 2009 while no significant trends in rainfall amounts were observed. In dry evergreen forest, NDVI was not correlated with rainfall but was significant negatively correlated with temperature. These re- sults indicated that the overall productivity in dry evergreen forest was affected by increasing temperatures. A vegetation greenness model was developed from correlations between NDVI and meteorological data using linear regression. The model could be used to observe the change in vegetation greenness and dynamics affected by temperature and rainfall.展开更多
Acrylic acid(AA)is an important and widely used industrial chemical,but its high toxicity renders its use incompatible with the concept of green development.By leveraging its terminal carboxyl group and unsaturated bo...Acrylic acid(AA)is an important and widely used industrial chemical,but its high toxicity renders its use incompatible with the concept of green development.By leveraging its terminal carboxyl group and unsaturated bond,we designed and explored a new strategy to increase the greenness of AA via its eutectic melting using a quaternary ammonium salt(choline chloride)to form a deep eutectic solvent(DES),followed by polymerisation of the DES to form a polymer(poly(DES)).The greenness of AA,DES,and poly(DES)was evaluated via an in vitro test using MGC80-3 cells and an in vivo test using Kunming mice.The toxicity improved from Grade 2(moderately toxic)for AA to Grade 1(slightly toxic)for DESs and Grade 0(non-toxic)for poly(DES)in the in vitro test.Moreover,the poly(DES)s showed a lower toxicity in mice than the DESs in the in vivo test.Thus,greenness enhancement was successfully achieved,with the greenness following the order AA<DES<poly(DES).Furthermore,the mechanisms underlying the change in toxicity were explored through microscopy and flow cytometry,which revealed that the DES can permeate the MGC80-3 cell membrane during the G_(0)/G_(1) phase to adversely affect DNA synthesis in the S phase,but the poly(DES)cannot.Finally,the green poly(DES),which showed good adsorption properties and flexible functionality,was successfully applied as a carrier or excipient of drugs.Through the novel strategy reported herein,greenness enhancement and the broadening of the application scope of a toxic organic acid were achieved,making such acids applicable for green development.展开更多
Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evo...Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evolution process and drivers are still poorly understood.This study examined the spatial patterns of vegetation greenness across 289 cities in China in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018 by using spatial autocorrelation analysis on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI);then,the influencing factors were analyzed by using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)model and 18 natural and anthropogenic indicators.The findings demonstrated a noticeable rise in the overall greenness of the selected cities during 2000-2018.The cities in northwest China and east China exhibited the rapidest and slowest greening,respectively,among the six sub-regions.A significant positive spatial correlation was detected between the greenness of the 289 cities in different periods,but the correlation strength weakened over time.The hot and very hot spots in southern and eastern China gradually shifted to the southwest.While the spatial pattern of urban greenness in China is primarily influenced by wind speed(WS)and precipitation(PRE),the interaction between PRE and gross domestic product(GDP)has the highest explanatory power.The explanatory power of most natural factors decreased and,conversely,the influence of anthropogenic factors generally increased.These findings emphasize the variations in the influence strength of multiple factors on urban greenness pattern,which should be taken into account to understand and adapt to the changing urban ecosystem.展开更多
Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be develop...Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays.The 15 widely used GAC metrics,i.e.,national environmental methods index(NEMI),advanced NEMI,assessment of green profile(AGP),chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale(ChlorTox Scale),Analytical Eco-Scale,Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale,analytical method greenness score(AMGS),green analytical procedure index(GAPI),ComplexGAPI,red-green-blue(RGB)additive color model,RGB 12 algorithm,analytical greenness calculator(AGREE),AGREE preparation(AGREEprep),HEXAGON,and blue applicability grade index(BAGI),are selected as the typical tools.This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles,characteristics,merits,and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools.This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical bas...Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation.Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.展开更多
The nexus between early-life residential greenness and sleep health in children remains underexplored.This research investigated associations of early-life greenness exposure with sleep outcomes among 101,879 pre-scho...The nexus between early-life residential greenness and sleep health in children remains underexplored.This research investigated associations of early-life greenness exposure with sleep outcomes among 101,879 pre-schoolers from 551 Chinese cities.Sleep status was evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ).Greenness was estimated using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)surrounding participants'home during pregnancy and post-birth period.Linear mixed-effect and random-effects logistic regression models were used to assess associations of greenness with CSHQ scores and sleep disturbance,respectively.Mediation effects of air pollution and residential distance to major roads were examined.Both prenatal and postnatal greenness exposures were significantly associated with better sleep outcomes.Specifically,an interquartile range increment in NDVI within the 250-m buffer during the entire pregnancy and from birth to investigation was associated with reductions in the total CSHQ score by 0.21(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.14,0.28)and 0.22(95%CI:0.15,0.29),respectively.Corresponding odds ratios for sleep disturbance were 0.96(95%CI:0.94,0.98)for both periods.These associations remained consistent when considering larger buffers(500-m and 1000-m),and employing other greenness metrics like EVI and growing-season NDVI.The association between postnatal greenness exposure and sleep disturbance was partially mediated by PM_(2.5),residential distance to major roads,NO_(2),and SO_(2).Children living in Northern China,breastfed for<6 months,or with more educated mothers showed greater benefits from greenness.Increased early-life greenness exposure appears to positively influence childhood sleep health.展开更多
Residential greenness,a fundamental component of urban design,could contribute to the prevention of respiratory infections via several potential mechanisms.However,the health benefits of greenness on influenza epidemi...Residential greenness,a fundamental component of urban design,could contribute to the prevention of respiratory infections via several potential mechanisms.However,the health benefits of greenness on influenza epidemics in real world are not as clear.In this cross-sectional,associational study,a series of logistic models were constructed to assess the association between individual-level residential greenness exposure,measured by the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and the risk of influenza virus infection in China via 8 years of influenza surveillance data.From 2010 to 2017,3,131,881 influenza-like illness(ILI)cases were tested for influenza,and 1,012,430(32.3%)participants with detailed building-level residential addresses were included in this study.Overall,a protective effect of residential greenness was observed,with 2.6%lower odds of influenza virus infection per one-quartile increase in the NDVI(odds ratio(OR)=0.974,95%confidence interval(CI):0.963−0.985).Stratified analyses indicated that the protective effects of residential greenness were strongest among adults aged≥60 years(OR=0.853,95%CI:0.814−0.894),but among school-aged children,the association was positive.There were no protective effects at other city scales except in megacities(OR=0.907,95%CI:0.886−0.930).Given the rapid aging and urbanization process in China,policies aimed at optimizing the allocation and design of green spaces might help reduce respiratory infection transmission.展开更多
Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort st...Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 3,454,623 adults from January 2017 to December 2021,focusing on dyslipidemia and its subtypes.Residential greenness was assessed using vegetation indices and greenspace percentages.Cox regressions and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations between greenness and dyslipidemia outcomes.Over a median follow-up period of 3.21 years,744,732 cases of dyslipidemia were observed.Greener environments were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and hyperbetalipo-proteinemia(hazard ratios ranged from 0.82 to 0.96)and an increased risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia(hazard ratios were 1.12 to 1.15).Higher greenness levels were linked to lower serum lipids.These associations were stronger among older adults and those with higher education.Mediation analyses showed that lower air pollution,temperature,and higher physical activity accounted for 2.08−33.72%of the associations between greenness and dyslipidemia.Our findings suggest that greenspace exposure can be incorporated into dyslipidemia etiology and prevention strategies.Nature therapies like forest bathing can be supplementary strategies.展开更多
The influence of residential greenness on maternal gesta-tional weight gain(GWG)and fetal intrauterine growth remains understudied.This study examined the impact of residential greenness on GWG and fetal intrauterine ...The influence of residential greenness on maternal gesta-tional weight gain(GWG)and fetal intrauterine growth remains understudied.This study examined the impact of residential greenness on GWG and fetal intrauterine growth and assessed the mediating role of GWG.The research included 29406 births in Shanghai,utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to measure greenness within a 500 m radius(NDVI-500).The analysis employed a generalized linear model to assess the impacts of residental greenness on GWG,fetal growth and birthweight,and a mediation analysis to explore GWG’s role between greenness and fetal development.Results indicated that significant benefits were observed with increased greenness,where each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4%(95%CI:5.5%−13.2%)in the risk of head circumference undergrowth and 8.5%(95%CI:4.8%−12.2%)in estimated fetal weight undergrowth.Additionally,each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4%(95%CI:5.1%−13.5%)and 9.2%(95%CI:6.2%−12.0%)in the risk of inadequate and excessive GWG,respectively.Notably,total GWG mediated 17.5%of the relationship between NDVI-500 and the birth weight.These findings suggest that enhancing residential greenness could be an effective public health strategy to improve pregnancy outcomes by promoting fetal growth and managing GWG,with the GWG partially mediating these benefits.展开更多
Prospective evidence on the relationship of greenness with cardiovascular disease(CVD)incidence is limited in low-and middle-income countries.In 512,691 participants of the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort across 10 regi...Prospective evidence on the relationship of greenness with cardiovascular disease(CVD)incidence is limited in low-and middle-income countries.In 512,691 participants of the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort across 10 regions in China,we calculated the levels of greenness exposure based on satellite-retrieved Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data.Annual maximum NDVI(NDVImax)values were estimated within 500 m and 1000 m buffers around the locations for the participants during the follow-up periods.Record linkages to healthcare databases provided incidence data of total CVD,ischemic heart disease and stroke during 2005–2017.Timevarying Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the associations between greenness exposure and CVD incidence.After 5.08 million person-years of follow-up,148,032 incident CVD events were recorded.The overall average level of NDVImax was 0.543 for all participants.We observed significant inverse associations of greenness with the incidence of CVD and its subtypes.Specifically,the hazard ratio for total CVD incidence was 0.976(95%confidence interval:0.958,0.994)per 0.1 increase in NDVImax within a 500 m buffer.As the 5 rural regions have achieved the WHO recommended greenness goal values,we compared the greenness levels in the 5 urban regions with the WHO's goal for greenness and found that,on average,3.81%of total CVD incidence might be averted if the recommended greenness values could be achieved.Exposure to a higher level of greenness was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence in Chinese adults.展开更多
Rising heat stress due to climate warming poses a significant threat to human health,and greenness offers a nature-based solution to mitigate heatrelated health impacts and enhance resilience.Although global greenness...Rising heat stress due to climate warming poses a significant threat to human health,and greenness offers a nature-based solution to mitigate heatrelated health impacts and enhance resilience.Although global greenness has increased,it remains unclear whether these trends align with the population’s heat mitigation needs.In this study,we integrated spatially resolved demographic data with satellite-derived greenness metric and reanalysisbased heat stress data to construct a global profile of joint exposure at 131 kmresolution from 2000 to 2022.We found that 69.3%of global populated areas and 41.3%of the global population(~2.9 billion people)were exposed to increasing heat stress but decreasing greenness(IHDG),representing the most concerning situation for heat mitigation.Urban populations were disproportionately affected,with 50.8%exposed compared to 27.1%in rural areas.Low-and middle-income countries exhibited more pronounced trends of increasing heat stress and bore the greatest burden from IHDG,accounting for 85%of total exposed populations.Moreover,there was a notable demographic shift in IHDG-exposed populations toward older groups,exacerbating the heat mitigation crisis.This study advances the understanding of the joint dynamics of heat stress and greenness and provides a profile of population exposure at a fine grid level.By highlighting the scale of IHDG conditions,our findings emphasize the urgent need to address this environmental challenge and a significant opportunity for improving greenness to mitigate increasing heat globally.The spatially detailed assessment maps offer essential data for informed decision-making.展开更多
While green landscapes are known to influence drivers'visual attention,the optimal configurations for enhancing driving safety and performance remain unclear.This study employed eyetracking technology to investiga...While green landscapes are known to influence drivers'visual attention,the optimal configurations for enhancing driving safety and performance remain unclear.This study employed eyetracking technology to investigate eye fixation and gaze behaviors of 24 drivers during a 90-minute simulated urban highway driving task across six distinct landscape conditions across three primary Areas of Interest(AOIs).Within-subject analysis of variance(ANOVA)comparing barren,turf,and woody landscapes revealed that increased greenness significantly directs drivers'eye movements towards greenery.Comparative analysis of the six landscape conditions suggested that shrub landscape settings achieved the most balanced distribution of visual attention across AOls,preventing drivers from excessively focusing on either natural or artificial features.Moreover,the ANOVA examining two shrub settings and two tree settings revealed a trade-off effect between landscape greenness and complexity.This study provides crucial empirical evidence for a balanced configuration of greenness and complexity in landscape design,confirming its critical role in achieving optimal visual perception outcomes.Finally,it proposes a triangular theoretical framework linking visual perception,mental states,and driving performance,offering theoretical support and practical reference for future research and design of healthy and safe driving environments.展开更多
The provision of urban green spaces has been widely acknowledged to offer numerous benefits to individuals and communities.Recently,there has been a growing recognition of the importance of evaluating urban greenness ...The provision of urban green spaces has been widely acknowledged to offer numerous benefits to individuals and communities.Recently,there has been a growing recognition of the importance of evaluating urban greenness from a human-centered perspective,partly due to the rapid development of eye-level greenness measurement.To provide a comprehensive overview of measurement approaches and topics related to eye-level urban greenness,we conducted a systematic review of 77 relevant papers.Our review revealed that street view images are the primarily utilized data source to quantify eye-level urban greenness in urban analysis.Additionally,simulated eye-level urban greenness represents a new frontier for the general public and urban planners,offering the potential to acquire universally applicable quantitative greenness data.Our findings further suggest that eye-level urban greenness has been explored across various domains,including physical behavior,public health,urban planning,human perception,and inequity.Such exploration has highlighted a significant association between eyelevel urban greenness and individuals and communities.Our review generates new insights on the integration of urban greenness into urban planning and design,encouraging a greater focus on eye-level urban greenness as a critical component of urban environmental quality.展开更多
Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation cover.Vegetation index calculated from the Red and Near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is mono...Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation cover.Vegetation index calculated from the Red and Near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is monotonically related to surface greenness when vegetation canopy does not fully cover the background soil.Especially for desert regions,vegetation index is positively correlated with vegetation coverage.Therefore,vegetation index can be used to study the change in greenness of desert areas.This study collected MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed their change over China in this period.The results showed that an increasing trend of NDVI occurred over 66.84%(OLS fitting)or 64.27%(LAD fitting)of China,indicating that China's greenness is increasing overall.Meanwhile,desertification of China decreased.Areas showing large increase in greenness are found in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,Henan,Shandong,Qinghai,and Gansu while regions with large decrease in greenness are found in Northeast Inner Mongolia,South Xizang,Jiangsu,and Shanghai.Changes of Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang and South Xizang could probably be driven by climate factors.Decrease of greenness in Northeast Inner Mongolia was related to agricultural reclamation.Decrease of greenness in Jiangsu and Shanghai was related to rapid urbanization.Climate factors did not exhibit obvious correspondence to the large increase in greenness in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia and Gansu,indicating that the changes might have been caused by human factors.The reduction of desert areas in China could probably have been caused by human management and protection at the national scale.展开更多
猫疱疹病毒I型(FHV-1)是威胁猫科动物健康的重要传染性疾病,本研究旨在研发一种灵敏、高效的FHV-1检测技术。依据GenBank上FHV-1 US6保守区域的基因序列,设计合成1对针对FHV-1 gD基因的引物,建立了一种SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR的检测方...猫疱疹病毒I型(FHV-1)是威胁猫科动物健康的重要传染性疾病,本研究旨在研发一种灵敏、高效的FHV-1检测技术。依据GenBank上FHV-1 US6保守区域的基因序列,设计合成1对针对FHV-1 gD基因的引物,建立了一种SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR的检测方法,构建标准曲线后分别验证该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性,并将其进一步应用于人工感染猫产生的临床样本检测。结果:该特异性引物与猫杯状病毒(FCV)、猫细小病毒(FPV)和猫冠状病毒(FCoV)均未出现交叉反应,检测下限为14.78 copies/μL,组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均低于2%;该方法对临床样本的检出率比常规PCR高出25.46%;通过该方法检测人工感染FHV-1强毒后猫的每日排毒量,结果呈现上升趋势,与临床发病程度相符,猫的脏器病毒载量存在个体差异,但集中在心脏、肺脏、肠道和膀胱中检出。综上,该研究建立的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法对FHV-1具有较好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,为FHV-1感染的快速诊断以及疾病的防控提供方法支持。展开更多
基金supported by the High-level Talents Introduction Plan from Central South University(No.502045003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277438)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2024JJ2082)to Fang Xiao,and the Postgraduate Independent Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University,China(Nos.2024ZZTS0557 and 2023ZZTS0993)。
文摘Existing evidence suggests residential greenness is beneficial to human,while no research to date explored the associations of greenness with age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To evaluate the association of greenness with AMD,modification and mediation effect of air pollution,we conducted this prospective study.We con-structed weighted quantile sum(WQS)index as co-exposure to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),particulate matter<2.5μm(PM_(2.5)),particulate matter<10μm(PM10).Stratified Cox regression models were applied to test the effect of exposure.Effect modification of air pollution was assessed.Stratified Cox models through the indirect method and Aalen additive risk models were used in mediation analysis.Over median follow-up of 11.67 years,4596 AMD events were ascertained.Hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)of incident AMD for pollution per interquartile range(IQR)increment were 1.10(1.04–1.16)for nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)),1.09(1.03–1.15)for NO_(x),1.14(1.05–1.24)for PM_(2.5),1.13(1.05–1.21)for PM10.The HR(95%CI)of AMD associated with greenness 1000 m buffer per IQR increment was 0.91(0.86–0.97),300 m buffer was 0.94(0.89–0.99).The as-sociation between greenness 1000 m and AMD was 28.59%,44.77%,35.59%,32.31%and 27.08%mediated by the decreased WQS index,NO_(2),NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and PM10,respectively.Increased greenness was associated with lower AMD incidence,and air pollution partly mediate it,which implies that interventions aimed at improving air quality and increasing greenness could have a dual benefit in mitigating AMD risk.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81603182 and 81703607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.:DUT21RC(3)057,DUT23YG226,DUT24MS018,and DUT23YG228)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.:2023-MSBA-018)the Open Funding of Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,China(Grant No.:2024-ZLKF-33).
文摘The focus of green analytical chemistry(GAC)is to minimize the negative impacts of analytical procedures on human safety,human health,and the environment.Several factors,such as the reagents used,sample collection,sample processing,instruments,energy consumed,and the quantities of hazardous materials and waste generated during analytical procedures,need to be considered in the evaluation of the greenness of analytical assays.In this study,we propose a greenness evaluation metric for analytical methods(GEMAM).The new greenness metric is simple,flexible,and comprehensive.The evaluation criteria are based on both the 12 principles of GAC(SIGNIFICANCE)and the 10 factors of sample preparation,and the results are presented on a 0–10 scale.The GEMAM calculation process is easy to perform,and its results are easy to interpret.The output of GEMAM is a pictogram that can provide both qualitative and quantitative information based on color and number.
文摘The effects of climate change are becoming more evident nowadays,and the environmental stress imposed on crops has become more severe.Farmers around the globe continually seek ways to gain insights into crop health and provide mitigation as early as possible.Phenotyping is a non-destructive method for assessing crop responses to environmental stresses and can be performed using airborne systems.Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS)have significantly contributed to high-throughput phenotyping andmade the process rapid,efficient,and non-invasive for collecting large-scale agronomic data.Because of the high complexity and cost of specialized equipment used in aerial phenotyping,such as multispectral and hyperspectral cameras as well as lidar,this study proposes a framework for implementing aerial phenotyping where chlorophyll estimation,leaf count,and coverage are determined using the RGB(Red,Green and Blue)camera native to a UAS.Thestudy proposes the Dynamic Coefficient Triangular Greenness Index(DCTGI)for aerial phenotyping.Evaluation of the proposed DCTGI includes the correlation with chlorophyll content estimated using a Soil Plant Analysis Development(SPAD)chlorophyll meter on randomly sampled Liberica coffee seedlings.Analysis revealed a strong relationship between DCTGI values and chlorophyll estimates derived from SPAD measurements,with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.912.However,the study didn’t implement tissue-level validation and field-scale temporal analysis to assess seasonal variability.In addition,the SPAD meter provided the approximate nitrogen content together with the chlorohyll estimate.
基金Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC,No.41161140352The Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.91325302National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41271119
文摘Different government departments and researchers have paid considerable atten- tion at various levels to improving the eco-environment in ecologically fragile areas. Over the past decade, large numbers of people have emigrated from rural areas as a result of the rapid urbanization in Chinese society. The question then remains： to what extent does this migra- tion affect the regional vegetation greenness in the areas that people have moved from？ Based on normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data with a resolution of 1 km, as well as meteorological data and socio-economic data from 2000 to 2010 in Inner Mongolia, the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation greenness in the study area was analyzed via trend analysis and significance test methods. The contributions of human activities and natural factors to the variation of vegetation conditions during this period were also quantita- tively tested and verified, using a multi-regression analysis method. We found that： （1）the vegetation greenness of the study area increased by 10.1% during 2000-2010. More than 28% of the vegetation greenness increased significantly, and only about 2% decreased evi- dently during the study period. （2） The area with significant degradation showed a banded distribution at the northern edge of the agro-pastoral ecotone in central Inner Mongolia. This indicates that the eco-environment is still fragile in this area, which should be paid close at- tention. The area where vegetation greenness significantly improved showed a concentrated distribution in the southeast and west of Inner Mongolia. （3） The effect of agricultural labor on vegetation greenness exceeded those due to natural factors （i.e. precipitation and tempera- ture）. The emigration of agricultural labor improved the regional vegetation greenness sig- nificantly.
基金supported by the Faculty of Engineering and the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of ThailandOffice of the Higher Education Commission and the Faculty of Engineering,Khon Kaen University,Thailand
文摘In Northeast Thailand, the climate change has resulted in erratic rainfall and tem- perature patterns. The region has experienced both periods of drought and seasonal floods with the increasing severity. This study investigated the seasonal variation of vegetation greenness based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） in major land cover types in the region. An assessment of the relationship between climate patterns and vegeta- tion conditions observed from NDVI was made. NDVI data were collected from year 2001 to 2009 using multi-temporal Terra MODIS Vegetation Indices Product （MOD13Q1）. NDVI pro- files were developed to measure vegetation dynamics and variation according to land cover types. Meteorological information, i.e. rainfall and temperature, for a 30 year time span from 1980 to 2009 was analyzed for their patterns. Furthermore, the data taken from the period of 2001-2009, were digitally encoded into GIS database and the spatial patterns of monthly rainfall and temperature maps were generated based on kriging technique. The results showed a decreasing trend in NDVI values for both deciduous and evergreen forests. The highest productivity and biomass were observed in dry evergreen forests and the lowest in paddy fields. Temperature was found to be increasing slightly from 1980 to 2009 while no significant trends in rainfall amounts were observed. In dry evergreen forest, NDVI was not correlated with rainfall but was significant negatively correlated with temperature. These re- sults indicated that the overall productivity in dry evergreen forest was affected by increasing temperatures. A vegetation greenness model was developed from correlations between NDVI and meteorological data using linear regression. The model could be used to observe the change in vegetation greenness and dynamics affected by temperature and rainfall.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178081)Interdisciplinary Research Program of Natural Science of Hebei University(No.DXK202116)+1 种基金Functional Pharmaceutical Chromatographic Materials Innovation Team(605020521006)High-level Talents Introduction Program of Hebei University。
文摘Acrylic acid(AA)is an important and widely used industrial chemical,but its high toxicity renders its use incompatible with the concept of green development.By leveraging its terminal carboxyl group and unsaturated bond,we designed and explored a new strategy to increase the greenness of AA via its eutectic melting using a quaternary ammonium salt(choline chloride)to form a deep eutectic solvent(DES),followed by polymerisation of the DES to form a polymer(poly(DES)).The greenness of AA,DES,and poly(DES)was evaluated via an in vitro test using MGC80-3 cells and an in vivo test using Kunming mice.The toxicity improved from Grade 2(moderately toxic)for AA to Grade 1(slightly toxic)for DESs and Grade 0(non-toxic)for poly(DES)in the in vitro test.Moreover,the poly(DES)s showed a lower toxicity in mice than the DESs in the in vivo test.Thus,greenness enhancement was successfully achieved,with the greenness following the order AA<DES<poly(DES).Furthermore,the mechanisms underlying the change in toxicity were explored through microscopy and flow cytometry,which revealed that the DES can permeate the MGC80-3 cell membrane during the G_(0)/G_(1) phase to adversely affect DNA synthesis in the S phase,but the poly(DES)cannot.Finally,the green poly(DES),which showed good adsorption properties and flexible functionality,was successfully applied as a carrier or excipient of drugs.Through the novel strategy reported herein,greenness enhancement and the broadening of the application scope of a toxic organic acid were achieved,making such acids applicable for green development.
基金supported by the Foundation of High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(Grant No.665/1120041)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau(Grant No.A314021402-202221)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grants No.ZR2020QD114 and ZR2021ME167)the Postgraduate Innovation Program of Qingdao Agricultural University(Grant No.QNYCX22031).
文摘Urban vegetation in China has changed substantially in recent decades due to rapid urbanization and dramatic climate change.Nevertheless,the spatial differentiation of greenness among major cities of China and its evolution process and drivers are still poorly understood.This study examined the spatial patterns of vegetation greenness across 289 cities in China in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018 by using spatial autocorrelation analysis on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI);then,the influencing factors were analyzed by using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector(OPGD)model and 18 natural and anthropogenic indicators.The findings demonstrated a noticeable rise in the overall greenness of the selected cities during 2000-2018.The cities in northwest China and east China exhibited the rapidest and slowest greening,respectively,among the six sub-regions.A significant positive spatial correlation was detected between the greenness of the 289 cities in different periods,but the correlation strength weakened over time.The hot and very hot spots in southern and eastern China gradually shifted to the southwest.While the spatial pattern of urban greenness in China is primarily influenced by wind speed(WS)and precipitation(PRE),the interaction between PRE and gross domestic product(GDP)has the highest explanatory power.The explanatory power of most natural factors decreased and,conversely,the influence of anthropogenic factors generally increased.These findings emphasize the variations in the influence strength of multiple factors on urban greenness pattern,which should be taken into account to understand and adapt to the changing urban ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81603182 and 81703607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.:DUT24MS018,DUT23YG228,DUT21RC(3)057)+1 种基金the Open funding of Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology,China(Grant No.:2024-ZLKF-33)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.:2023-MSBA-018).
文摘Green analytical chemistry(GAC)focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety,human health,and environment.In addition to the 12 principles of GAC,proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays.The 15 widely used GAC metrics,i.e.,national environmental methods index(NEMI),advanced NEMI,assessment of green profile(AGP),chloroform-oriented toxicity estimation scale(ChlorTox Scale),Analytical Eco-Scale,Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale,analytical method greenness score(AMGS),green analytical procedure index(GAPI),ComplexGAPI,red-green-blue(RGB)additive color model,RGB 12 algorithm,analytical greenness calculator(AGREE),AGREE preparation(AGREEprep),HEXAGON,and blue applicability grade index(BAGI),are selected as the typical tools.This article comprehensively presents and elucidates the principles,characteristics,merits,and demerits of 15 widely used GAC tools.This review is helpful for researchers to use the current GAC metrics to assess the environmental sustainability of analytical assays.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(NO.2021AB030)the Innovative Development Project of Shihezi University(NO.CXFZ202005)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2020-PT330-003).
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region.Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors.Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation.Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2022YFC3703002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82473590)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(GWVI-11.2-XD17)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Munici-pality(20ZR1402900 and 21DZ2202000).
文摘The nexus between early-life residential greenness and sleep health in children remains underexplored.This research investigated associations of early-life greenness exposure with sleep outcomes among 101,879 pre-schoolers from 551 Chinese cities.Sleep status was evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(CSHQ).Greenness was estimated using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)surrounding participants'home during pregnancy and post-birth period.Linear mixed-effect and random-effects logistic regression models were used to assess associations of greenness with CSHQ scores and sleep disturbance,respectively.Mediation effects of air pollution and residential distance to major roads were examined.Both prenatal and postnatal greenness exposures were significantly associated with better sleep outcomes.Specifically,an interquartile range increment in NDVI within the 250-m buffer during the entire pregnancy and from birth to investigation was associated with reductions in the total CSHQ score by 0.21(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.14,0.28)and 0.22(95%CI:0.15,0.29),respectively.Corresponding odds ratios for sleep disturbance were 0.96(95%CI:0.94,0.98)for both periods.These associations remained consistent when considering larger buffers(500-m and 1000-m),and employing other greenness metrics like EVI and growing-season NDVI.The association between postnatal greenness exposure and sleep disturbance was partially mediated by PM_(2.5),residential distance to major roads,NO_(2),and SO_(2).Children living in Northern China,breastfed for<6 months,or with more educated mothers showed greater benefits from greenness.Increased early-life greenness exposure appears to positively influence childhood sleep health.
基金funded by grants from the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund[Grant number B240300].
文摘Residential greenness,a fundamental component of urban design,could contribute to the prevention of respiratory infections via several potential mechanisms.However,the health benefits of greenness on influenza epidemics in real world are not as clear.In this cross-sectional,associational study,a series of logistic models were constructed to assess the association between individual-level residential greenness exposure,measured by the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and the risk of influenza virus infection in China via 8 years of influenza surveillance data.From 2010 to 2017,3,131,881 influenza-like illness(ILI)cases were tested for influenza,and 1,012,430(32.3%)participants with detailed building-level residential addresses were included in this study.Overall,a protective effect of residential greenness was observed,with 2.6%lower odds of influenza virus infection per one-quartile increase in the NDVI(odds ratio(OR)=0.974,95%confidence interval(CI):0.963−0.985).Stratified analyses indicated that the protective effects of residential greenness were strongest among adults aged≥60 years(OR=0.853,95%CI:0.814−0.894),but among school-aged children,the association was positive.There were no protective effects at other city scales except in megacities(OR=0.907,95%CI:0.886−0.930).Given the rapid aging and urbanization process in China,policies aimed at optimizing the allocation and design of green spaces might help reduce respiratory infection transmission.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(2022B03032,2022B03032-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972992)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(202201011616).
文摘Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.While cross-sectional studies suggest lower odds of dyslipidemia in greener environments,longitudinal research is limited.This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 3,454,623 adults from January 2017 to December 2021,focusing on dyslipidemia and its subtypes.Residential greenness was assessed using vegetation indices and greenspace percentages.Cox regressions and generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations between greenness and dyslipidemia outcomes.Over a median follow-up period of 3.21 years,744,732 cases of dyslipidemia were observed.Greener environments were associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and hyperbetalipo-proteinemia(hazard ratios ranged from 0.82 to 0.96)and an increased risk of hypoalphalipoproteinemia(hazard ratios were 1.12 to 1.15).Higher greenness levels were linked to lower serum lipids.These associations were stronger among older adults and those with higher education.Mediation analyses showed that lower air pollution,temperature,and higher physical activity accounted for 2.08−33.72%of the associations between greenness and dyslipidemia.Our findings suggest that greenspace exposure can be incorporated into dyslipidemia etiology and prevention strategies.Nature therapies like forest bathing can be supplementary strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(8211101588,82171686)+12 种基金Municipal Human Resources Development Program for Outstanding Young Talents in Medical and Health Sciences in Shanghai(2022YQ016)Youth Medical Talents of Shanghai Rising Stars of Medical Talent Youth Development Program(SHWSRS-2023-62)Clinical Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202340222,20234Y0047)AI Promotes Research Reform and Empowers Discipline Plan of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(24RGZNA04)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20210294)Collaborative Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2020CXJQ01)Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(SHDC2023CRD001)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200700)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Gynecological Diseases(22MC1940200)Shanghai Urogenital System Diseases Research Center(2022ZZ01012)Key Discipline Construction Project(2023-2025)of Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(GWVI-11.1-35)the Specific Research Fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202311)Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Reproduction and Development.
文摘The influence of residential greenness on maternal gesta-tional weight gain(GWG)and fetal intrauterine growth remains understudied.This study examined the impact of residential greenness on GWG and fetal intrauterine growth and assessed the mediating role of GWG.The research included 29406 births in Shanghai,utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to measure greenness within a 500 m radius(NDVI-500).The analysis employed a generalized linear model to assess the impacts of residental greenness on GWG,fetal growth and birthweight,and a mediation analysis to explore GWG’s role between greenness and fetal development.Results indicated that significant benefits were observed with increased greenness,where each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4%(95%CI:5.5%−13.2%)in the risk of head circumference undergrowth and 8.5%(95%CI:4.8%−12.2%)in estimated fetal weight undergrowth.Additionally,each 0.1 unit increase in NDVI-500 was associated with reductions of 9.4%(95%CI:5.1%−13.5%)and 9.2%(95%CI:6.2%−12.0%)in the risk of inadequate and excessive GWG,respectively.Notably,total GWG mediated 17.5%of the relationship between NDVI-500 and the birth weight.These findings suggest that enhancing residential greenness could be an effective public health strategy to improve pregnancy outcomes by promoting fetal growth and managing GWG,with the GWG partially mediating these benefits.
基金Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82388102,82192901,82192900)from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0900500).
文摘Prospective evidence on the relationship of greenness with cardiovascular disease(CVD)incidence is limited in low-and middle-income countries.In 512,691 participants of the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort across 10 regions in China,we calculated the levels of greenness exposure based on satellite-retrieved Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data.Annual maximum NDVI(NDVImax)values were estimated within 500 m and 1000 m buffers around the locations for the participants during the follow-up periods.Record linkages to healthcare databases provided incidence data of total CVD,ischemic heart disease and stroke during 2005–2017.Timevarying Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the associations between greenness exposure and CVD incidence.After 5.08 million person-years of follow-up,148,032 incident CVD events were recorded.The overall average level of NDVImax was 0.543 for all participants.We observed significant inverse associations of greenness with the incidence of CVD and its subtypes.Specifically,the hazard ratio for total CVD incidence was 0.976(95%confidence interval:0.958,0.994)per 0.1 increase in NDVImax within a 500 m buffer.As the 5 rural regions have achieved the WHO recommended greenness goal values,we compared the greenness levels in the 5 urban regions with the WHO's goal for greenness and found that,on average,3.81%of total CVD incidence might be averted if the recommended greenness values could be achieved.Exposure to a higher level of greenness was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence in Chinese adults.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC.GNT2000581)+5 种基金the Leader Fellowship(GNT2008813)of the Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilSL by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(GNT2009866)the China Scholarship Council(grant nos.201906320051,202006010044,202006010043,and 202006380055,respectively)by Monash Faculty of Medicine,Nursing and Health Sciences(FMNHS)Early Career Postdoctoral Fellowships 2023by an NHMRC e-Asia Joint Research Program Grant(GNT2000581)a Monash Graduate Scholarship and Monash International Tuition Scholarship.
文摘Rising heat stress due to climate warming poses a significant threat to human health,and greenness offers a nature-based solution to mitigate heatrelated health impacts and enhance resilience.Although global greenness has increased,it remains unclear whether these trends align with the population’s heat mitigation needs.In this study,we integrated spatially resolved demographic data with satellite-derived greenness metric and reanalysisbased heat stress data to construct a global profile of joint exposure at 131 kmresolution from 2000 to 2022.We found that 69.3%of global populated areas and 41.3%of the global population(~2.9 billion people)were exposed to increasing heat stress but decreasing greenness(IHDG),representing the most concerning situation for heat mitigation.Urban populations were disproportionately affected,with 50.8%exposed compared to 27.1%in rural areas.Low-and middle-income countries exhibited more pronounced trends of increasing heat stress and bore the greatest burden from IHDG,accounting for 85%of total exposed populations.Moreover,there was a notable demographic shift in IHDG-exposed populations toward older groups,exacerbating the heat mitigation crisis.This study advances the understanding of the joint dynamics of heat stress and greenness and provides a profile of population exposure at a fine grid level.By highlighting the scale of IHDG conditions,our findings emphasize the urgent need to address this environmental challenge and a significant opportunity for improving greenness to mitigate increasing heat globally.The spatially detailed assessment maps offer essential data for informed decision-making.
文摘While green landscapes are known to influence drivers'visual attention,the optimal configurations for enhancing driving safety and performance remain unclear.This study employed eyetracking technology to investigate eye fixation and gaze behaviors of 24 drivers during a 90-minute simulated urban highway driving task across six distinct landscape conditions across three primary Areas of Interest(AOIs).Within-subject analysis of variance(ANOVA)comparing barren,turf,and woody landscapes revealed that increased greenness significantly directs drivers'eye movements towards greenery.Comparative analysis of the six landscape conditions suggested that shrub landscape settings achieved the most balanced distribution of visual attention across AOls,preventing drivers from excessively focusing on either natural or artificial features.Moreover,the ANOVA examining two shrub settings and two tree settings revealed a trade-off effect between landscape greenness and complexity.This study provides crucial empirical evidence for a balanced configuration of greenness and complexity in landscape design,confirming its critical role in achieving optimal visual perception outcomes.Finally,it proposes a triangular theoretical framework linking visual perception,mental states,and driving performance,offering theoretical support and practical reference for future research and design of healthy and safe driving environments.
文摘The provision of urban green spaces has been widely acknowledged to offer numerous benefits to individuals and communities.Recently,there has been a growing recognition of the importance of evaluating urban greenness from a human-centered perspective,partly due to the rapid development of eye-level greenness measurement.To provide a comprehensive overview of measurement approaches and topics related to eye-level urban greenness,we conducted a systematic review of 77 relevant papers.Our review revealed that street view images are the primarily utilized data source to quantify eye-level urban greenness in urban analysis.Additionally,simulated eye-level urban greenness represents a new frontier for the general public and urban planners,offering the potential to acquire universally applicable quantitative greenness data.Our findings further suggest that eye-level urban greenness has been explored across various domains,including physical behavior,public health,urban planning,human perception,and inequity.Such exploration has highlighted a significant association between eyelevel urban greenness and individuals and communities.Our review generates new insights on the integration of urban greenness into urban planning and design,encouraging a greater focus on eye-level urban greenness as a critical component of urban environmental quality.
文摘Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation cover.Vegetation index calculated from the Red and Near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is monotonically related to surface greenness when vegetation canopy does not fully cover the background soil.Especially for desert regions,vegetation index is positively correlated with vegetation coverage.Therefore,vegetation index can be used to study the change in greenness of desert areas.This study collected MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed their change over China in this period.The results showed that an increasing trend of NDVI occurred over 66.84%(OLS fitting)or 64.27%(LAD fitting)of China,indicating that China's greenness is increasing overall.Meanwhile,desertification of China decreased.Areas showing large increase in greenness are found in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,Henan,Shandong,Qinghai,and Gansu while regions with large decrease in greenness are found in Northeast Inner Mongolia,South Xizang,Jiangsu,and Shanghai.Changes of Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang and South Xizang could probably be driven by climate factors.Decrease of greenness in Northeast Inner Mongolia was related to agricultural reclamation.Decrease of greenness in Jiangsu and Shanghai was related to rapid urbanization.Climate factors did not exhibit obvious correspondence to the large increase in greenness in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia and Gansu,indicating that the changes might have been caused by human factors.The reduction of desert areas in China could probably have been caused by human management and protection at the national scale.
文摘猫疱疹病毒I型(FHV-1)是威胁猫科动物健康的重要传染性疾病,本研究旨在研发一种灵敏、高效的FHV-1检测技术。依据GenBank上FHV-1 US6保守区域的基因序列,设计合成1对针对FHV-1 gD基因的引物,建立了一种SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR的检测方法,构建标准曲线后分别验证该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性,并将其进一步应用于人工感染猫产生的临床样本检测。结果:该特异性引物与猫杯状病毒(FCV)、猫细小病毒(FPV)和猫冠状病毒(FCoV)均未出现交叉反应,检测下限为14.78 copies/μL,组内和组间重复试验的变异系数均低于2%;该方法对临床样本的检出率比常规PCR高出25.46%;通过该方法检测人工感染FHV-1强毒后猫的每日排毒量,结果呈现上升趋势,与临床发病程度相符,猫的脏器病毒载量存在个体差异,但集中在心脏、肺脏、肠道和膀胱中检出。综上,该研究建立的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法对FHV-1具有较好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,为FHV-1感染的快速诊断以及疾病的防控提供方法支持。
