Two manglicolous lichen species namely,Graphis ajarekarii Patw.and C.R.Kulk on the twigs of Avicennia officinalis from Nagayalanka lighthouse of Krishna estuary,Andhra Pradesh and Ramalina leiodea(Nyl.)Nyl.on the twig...Two manglicolous lichen species namely,Graphis ajarekarii Patw.and C.R.Kulk on the twigs of Avicennia officinalis from Nagayalanka lighthouse of Krishna estuary,Andhra Pradesh and Ramalina leiodea(Nyl.)Nyl.on the twigs of Ceriops decandra from Bhitarkanika island of Mahanadi estuary,Orissa state are reported.Both the species are new records on the mangroves of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states of India.展开更多
In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is ...In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is defined as a situation where the endoscopist,using his/her regularly used cannulation technique,fails within a certain time limit or after a certain number of unsuccessful attempts.Different methods have been developed to manage diffi cult cannulation.The most common solution is to perform a precut papillotomy either with a needle knife or with a sphincterotome with or without a guide wire.This review describes different methods to overcome cases of difficult cannulation.We will discuss the success rate and complication rates associated with different methods of reaching the biliary tract.展开更多
Multimodality optical imaging probes have emerged as powerful tools that improve detection sensitivity and accuracy, important in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on recent developments of opt...Multimodality optical imaging probes have emerged as powerful tools that improve detection sensitivity and accuracy, important in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on recent developments of optical fluorescence imaging(OFI) probe integration with other imaging modalities such as X-ray computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), positron emission tomography(PET), single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), and photoacoustic imaging(PAI). The imaging technologies are briefly described in order to introduce the strengths and limitations of each techniques and the need for further multimodality optical imaging probe development. The emphasis of this account is placed on how design strategies are currently implemented to afford physicochemically and biologically compatible multimodality optical fluorescence imaging probes. We also present studies that overcame intrinsic disadvantages of each imaging technique by multimodality approach with improved detection sensitivity and accuracy.展开更多
文摘Two manglicolous lichen species namely,Graphis ajarekarii Patw.and C.R.Kulk on the twigs of Avicennia officinalis from Nagayalanka lighthouse of Krishna estuary,Andhra Pradesh and Ramalina leiodea(Nyl.)Nyl.on the twigs of Ceriops decandra from Bhitarkanika island of Mahanadi estuary,Orissa state are reported.Both the species are new records on the mangroves of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa states of India.
文摘In Encoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the main concern is to gain access into the bile duct while avoiding the pancreatic duct because of the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis.Diffi cult cannulation is defined as a situation where the endoscopist,using his/her regularly used cannulation technique,fails within a certain time limit or after a certain number of unsuccessful attempts.Different methods have been developed to manage diffi cult cannulation.The most common solution is to perform a precut papillotomy either with a needle knife or with a sphincterotome with or without a guide wire.This review describes different methods to overcome cases of difficult cannulation.We will discuss the success rate and complication rates associated with different methods of reaching the biliary tract.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.21577037 to Kaiyan Lou)East China University of Science and Technology(Grant No.YC0140101,start-up funds to Wei Wang)
文摘Multimodality optical imaging probes have emerged as powerful tools that improve detection sensitivity and accuracy, important in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on recent developments of optical fluorescence imaging(OFI) probe integration with other imaging modalities such as X-ray computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), positron emission tomography(PET), single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT), and photoacoustic imaging(PAI). The imaging technologies are briefly described in order to introduce the strengths and limitations of each techniques and the need for further multimodality optical imaging probe development. The emphasis of this account is placed on how design strategies are currently implemented to afford physicochemically and biologically compatible multimodality optical fluorescence imaging probes. We also present studies that overcame intrinsic disadvantages of each imaging technique by multimodality approach with improved detection sensitivity and accuracy.
