Building façades can feature different patterns depending on the architectural style,function-ality,and size of the buildings;therefore,reconstructing these façades can be complicated.In particular,when sema...Building façades can feature different patterns depending on the architectural style,function-ality,and size of the buildings;therefore,reconstructing these façades can be complicated.In particular,when semantic façades are reconstructed from point cloud data,uneven point density and noise make it difficult to accurately determine the façade structure.When inves-tigating façade layouts,Gestalt principles can be applied to cluster visually similar floors and façade elements,allowing for a more intuitive interpretation of façade structures.We propose a novel model for describing façade structures,namely the layout graph model,which involves a compound graph with two structure levels.In the proposed model,similar façade elements such as windows are first grouped into clusters.A down-layout graph is then formed using this cluster as a node and by combining intra-and inter-cluster spacings as the edges.Second,a top-layout graph is formed by clustering similar floors.By extracting relevant parameters from this model,we transform semantic façade reconstruction to an optimization strategy using simulated annealing coupled with Gibbs sampling.Multiple façade point cloud data with different features were selected from three datasets to verify the effectiveness of this method.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 86.35%.Owing to its flexibility,the proposed layout graph model can deal with different types of façades and qualities of point cloud data,enabling a more robust and accurate reconstruc-tion of façade models.展开更多
Recently,automation is considered vital in most fields since computing methods have a significant role in facilitating work such as automatic text summarization.However,most of the computing methods that are used in r...Recently,automation is considered vital in most fields since computing methods have a significant role in facilitating work such as automatic text summarization.However,most of the computing methods that are used in real systems are based on graph models,which are characterized by their simplicity and stability.Thus,this paper proposes an improved extractive text summarization algorithm based on both topic and graph models.The methodology of this work consists of two stages.First,the well-known TextRank algorithm is analyzed and its shortcomings are investigated.Then,an improved method is proposed with a new computational model of sentence weights.The experimental results were carried out on standard DUC2004 and DUC2006 datasets and compared to four text summarization methods.Finally,through experiments on the DUC2004 and DUC2006 datasets,our proposed improved graph model algorithm TG-SMR(Topic Graph-Summarizer)is compared to other text summarization systems.The experimental results prove that the proposed TG-SMR algorithm achieves higher ROUGE scores.It is foreseen that the TG-SMR algorithm will open a new horizon that concerns the performance of ROUGE evaluation indicators.展开更多
With increasingly complex website structure and continuously advancing web technologies,accurate user clicks recognition from massive HTTP data,which is critical for web usage mining,becomes more difficult.In this pap...With increasingly complex website structure and continuously advancing web technologies,accurate user clicks recognition from massive HTTP data,which is critical for web usage mining,becomes more difficult.In this paper,we propose a dependency graph model to describe the relationships between web requests.Based on this model,we design and implement a heuristic parallel algorithm to distinguish user clicks with the assistance of cloud computing technology.We evaluate the proposed algorithm with real massive data.The size of the dataset collected from a mobile core network is 228.7GB.It covers more than three million users.The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher accuracy than previous methods.展开更多
Network modeling is an important approach in many fields in analyzing complex systems. Recently new series of methods have emerged, by using Kronecker product and similar tools to model real systems. One of such appro...Network modeling is an important approach in many fields in analyzing complex systems. Recently new series of methods have emerged, by using Kronecker product and similar tools to model real systems. One of such approaches is the multiplicative attribute graph(MAG) model, which generates networks based on category attributes of nodes. In this paper we try to extend this model into a continuous one, give an overview of its properties, and discuss some special cases related to real-world networks, as well as the influence of attribute distribution and affinity function respectively.展开更多
Markov model is usually selected as the base model of user action in the intrusion detection system (IDS). However, the performance of the IDS depends on the status space of Markov model and it will degrade as the spa...Markov model is usually selected as the base model of user action in the intrusion detection system (IDS). However, the performance of the IDS depends on the status space of Markov model and it will degrade as the space dimension grows. Here, Markov Graph Model (MGM) is proposed to handle this issue. Specification of the model is described, and several methods for probability computation with MGM are also presented. Based on MGM, algorithms for building user model and predicting user action are presented. And the performance of these algorithms such as computing complexity, prediction accuracy, and storage requirement of MGM are analyzed.展开更多
The development and the revolution of nanotechnology require more and effective methods to accurately estimating the timing analysis for any CMOS transistor level circuit. Many researches attempted to resolve the timi...The development and the revolution of nanotechnology require more and effective methods to accurately estimating the timing analysis for any CMOS transistor level circuit. Many researches attempted to resolve the timing analysis, but the best method found till the moment is the Static Timing Analysis (STA). It is considered the best solution because of its accuracy and fast run time. Transistor level models are mandatory required for the best estimating methods, since these take into consideration all analysis scenarios to overcome problems of multiple-input switching, false paths and high stacks that are found in classic CMOS gates. In this paper, transistor level graph model is proposed to describe the behavior of CMOS circuits under predictive Nanotechnology SPICE parameters. This model represents the transistor in the CMOS circuit as nodes in the graph regardless of its positions in the gates to accurately estimating the timing analysis rather than inaccurate estimating which caused by the false paths at the gate level. Accurate static timing analysis is estimated using the model proposed in this paper. Building on the proposed model and the graph theory concepts, new algorithms are proposed and simulated to compute transistor timing analysis using RC model. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed graph model and its algorithms by using predictive Nano-Technology SPICE parameters for the tested technology. An important and effective extension has been achieved in this paper for a one that was published in international conference.展开更多
By modeling the spatiotemporal data of the power grid, it is possible to better understand its operational status, identify potential issues and risks, and take timely measures to adjust and optimize the system. Compa...By modeling the spatiotemporal data of the power grid, it is possible to better understand its operational status, identify potential issues and risks, and take timely measures to adjust and optimize the system. Compared to the bus-branch model, the node-breaker model provides higher granularity in describing grid components and can dynamically reflect changes in equipment status, thus improving the efficiency of grid dispatching and operation. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal data modeling method based on a graph database. It elaborates on constructing graph nodes, graph ontology models, and graph entity models from grid dispatch data, describing the construction of the spatiotemporal node-breaker graph model and the transformation to the bus-branch model. Subsequently, by integrating spatiotemporal data attributes into the pre-built static grid graph model, a spatiotemporal evolving graph of the power grid is constructed. Furthermore, the concept of the “Power Grid One Graph” and its requirements in modern power systems are elucidated. Leveraging the constructed spatiotemporal node-breaker graph model and graph computing technology, the paper explores the feasibility of grid situational awareness. Finally, typical applications in an operational provincial grid are showcased, and potential scenarios of the proposed spatiotemporal graph model are discussed.展开更多
With the development of the Semantic Web,the number of ontologies grows exponentially and the semantic relationships between ontologies become more and more complex,understanding the true semantics of specific terms o...With the development of the Semantic Web,the number of ontologies grows exponentially and the semantic relationships between ontologies become more and more complex,understanding the true semantics of specific terms or concepts in an ontology is crucial for the matching task.At present,the main challenges facing ontology matching tasks based on representation learning methods are how to improve the embedding quality of ontology knowledge and how to integrate multiple features of ontology efficiently.Therefore,we propose an Ontology Matching Method Based on the Gated Graph Attention Model(OM-GGAT).Firstly,the semantic knowledge related to concepts in the ontology is encoded into vectors using the OWL2Vec^(*)method,and the relevant path information from the root node to the concept is embedded to understand better the true meaning of the concept itself and the relationship between concepts.Secondly,the ontology is transformed into the corresponding graph structure according to the semantic relation.Then,when extracting the features of the ontology graph nodes,different attention weights are assigned to each adjacent node of the central concept with the help of the attention mechanism idea.Finally,gated networks are designed to further fuse semantic and structural embedding representations efficiently.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,comparative experiments on matching tasks were carried out on public datasets.The results show that the OM-GGAT model can effectively improve the efficiency of ontology matching.展开更多
A comparison of two decision analysis tools for the analysis of strategic conflicts, the Analytic Network Process （ANP） and the graph model for conflict resolution, is carried out by applying them to the China-US TV...A comparison of two decision analysis tools for the analysis of strategic conflicts, the Analytic Network Process （ANP） and the graph model for conflict resolution, is carried out by applying them to the China-US TV dumping conflict. Firstly, the graph model is introduced along with practical procedures for modeling and analyzing conflicts using the decision support software, GMCR Ⅱ. Next, ANP is explained, emphasizing structural features and procedures for synthesizing priorities. Then a framework for employing ANP to analyze strategic conflicts is designed and used to compare ANP to the graph model. The case study of the China-US TV dumping conflict provides a basis for the graph model and ANP to be compared; different features of the approaches are highlighted. The study shows that because of different theoretical backgrounds, ANP and the graph model for conflict analysis both provide useful information which can be combined to furnish a better understanding of a strategic conflict.展开更多
A formal methodology for analyzing the importance of weighing a decision maker＇s attitudes in a conflict is introduced and applied to the problem of negotiating a fair transfer of a brownfield property. A decision ma...A formal methodology for analyzing the importance of weighing a decision maker＇s attitudes in a conflict is introduced and applied to the problem of negotiating a fair transfer of a brownfield property. A decision maker＇s attitudes are expressed in his consideration of his own preferences, as well as those of his opponents. Dominating attitudes are used to suggest that in a circumstance in which a decision maker takes into account multiple perspectives due to his attitudes, he may favor one perspective more heavily. The analysis of a brownfield acquisition conflict illustrates the types of insights that this methodology reveals.展开更多
A duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution is developed to investigate market competition between Airbus and Boeing over aircraft sales in the Asia Pacific region. The duo hierarchical graph model, a signi...A duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution is developed to investigate market competition between Airbus and Boeing over aircraft sales in the Asia Pacific region. The duo hierarchical graph model, a significant extension of the graph model for conflict resolution methodology, contains two common decision makers, who take part in two related subconflicts, as well as local decision makers, who participate in only one subconflict. New stability definitions are proposed to describe forms of sanction unique to the hierarchical model. The interrelationships between stabilities in the overall graph model and in the two local models are investigated. Then the duo hierarchical graph model is applied to the competition between Airbus and Boeing in both the wide and narrow body markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The two types of Asian airlines have different operating strategies, so that the two markets constitute sub-competitions that can be modelled naturally using the duo hierarchical graph model. The stability results indicate a resolution for all decision makers that implies marketing strategies for the aircraft manufacturers and guidelines for aircraft purchase by the airlines. Thus, this model provides decision makers with a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the comoetition and guidance in identifving beneficial actions.展开更多
A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to deviation. Robustness assessment is based on a...A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to deviation. Robustness assessment is based on a new concept called Level of Freedom, which evaluates the relative freedom of a decision maker to escape an equilibrium. Resolutions of a conflict can be affected by changes in decision makers＇ preferences, which may destabilize an equilibrium, causing the conflict to evolve. Hence, a conflict may become long-term and thereby continue to evolve, even after reaching an equilibrium. The new robustness measure is used to rank equilibria based on robustness, to facilitate distinguishing equiiibria that are relatively sustainable. An absolutely robust equilibrium is a special case in which the level of freedom is at an absolute minimum for each individual stability definition.展开更多
As service oriented architecture （SOA） matures, service consumption demand leads to an urgent requirement for service discovery. Unlike Web documents, services are intended to be executed to achieve objectives and/o...As service oriented architecture （SOA） matures, service consumption demand leads to an urgent requirement for service discovery. Unlike Web documents, services are intended to be executed to achieve objectives and/or desired goals of users. This leads to the notion that service discovery should take the ＂usage context＂ of service into account as well as service content （descriptions） which have been well explored. In this paper, we introduce the concept of service context which is used to represent service usage. In query processing, both service content and service context are ex- amined to identify services. We propose to represent ser- vice context by a weighted bipartite graph model. Based on the bipartite graph model, we reduce the gap between query space and service space by query expansion to improve re- call. We also design an iteration algorithm for result ranking by considering service contextsefulness as well as contentrelevance to improve precision. Finally, we develop a service search engine implementing this mechanism, and conduct some experiments to verify our idea.展开更多
A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its...A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.展开更多
The community stability of coral reefs and fish is the focus of ecological monitoring of coral reefs.Among them,the realization of effective metrics of variations in reef fish communities(i.e.,the combined communities...The community stability of coral reefs and fish is the focus of ecological monitoring of coral reefs.Among them,the realization of effective metrics of variations in reef fish communities(i.e.,the combined communities of coral reefs and fish)is important for analyzing the stability of communities as well as maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs.Based on coral reef and fish data collected at St.John’s Island from 2004 to 2010,this study proposes a symbiotic graph modeling method to express the biological relationships of reef fish communities,and a Pyramid Match graph kernel method for fusing Attributes(PMA)to quantify community fluctuations to measure interannual variability of communities.The results showed that the community similarity was low in 2006,2007,and 2008.The total coral cover rate in the study area decreased by 32.04% from 2006 to 2007 and increased by 24% in 2008.The total number of fish fell from 3780 in 2006 to 2596 in 2007 and rose to 6249 in 2008.Among them,the proportion of herbivorous fish decreased to 30.84% in 2007.Furthermore,we have combined the Louvain algorithm with the proposed PMA method to effectively identify the regions that should be prioritized for protection.Experiments were conducted on real datasets with good results,demonstrating the potential of the proposed method to assist in the analysis of community stability and identification of priority conservation areas.展开更多
Backgrounds Various models have been applied to predict the trend of the epidemic since the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods:In this study,we designed a dynamic graph model,not for precisely predicting the number of infec...Backgrounds Various models have been applied to predict the trend of the epidemic since the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods:In this study,we designed a dynamic graph model,not for precisely predicting the number of infected cases,but for a glance of the dynamics under a public epidemic emergency situation and of different contributing factors・Results^We demonstrated the impact of asymptomatic transmission in this outbreak and showed the effectiveness of city lockdown to halt virus spread within a city.We further illustrated that sudden emergence of a large number of cases could overwhelm the city medical system,and external medical aids are critical to not only containing the further spread of the virus but also reducing fatality.Conclusions Our model simulation showed that highly populated modern cities are particularly vulnerable and lessons learned in China could facilitate other countries to plan the proactive and decisive actions・We shall pay close attention to the asymptomatic transmission being suggested by rapidly accumulating evidence as dramatic changes in quarantine protocol are required to contain SARS・CoV・2 from spreading globally.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41771484].
文摘Building façades can feature different patterns depending on the architectural style,function-ality,and size of the buildings;therefore,reconstructing these façades can be complicated.In particular,when semantic façades are reconstructed from point cloud data,uneven point density and noise make it difficult to accurately determine the façade structure.When inves-tigating façade layouts,Gestalt principles can be applied to cluster visually similar floors and façade elements,allowing for a more intuitive interpretation of façade structures.We propose a novel model for describing façade structures,namely the layout graph model,which involves a compound graph with two structure levels.In the proposed model,similar façade elements such as windows are first grouped into clusters.A down-layout graph is then formed using this cluster as a node and by combining intra-and inter-cluster spacings as the edges.Second,a top-layout graph is formed by clustering similar floors.By extracting relevant parameters from this model,we transform semantic façade reconstruction to an optimization strategy using simulated annealing coupled with Gibbs sampling.Multiple façade point cloud data with different features were selected from three datasets to verify the effectiveness of this method.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 86.35%.Owing to its flexibility,the proposed layout graph model can deal with different types of façades and qualities of point cloud data,enabling a more robust and accurate reconstruc-tion of façade models.
文摘Recently,automation is considered vital in most fields since computing methods have a significant role in facilitating work such as automatic text summarization.However,most of the computing methods that are used in real systems are based on graph models,which are characterized by their simplicity and stability.Thus,this paper proposes an improved extractive text summarization algorithm based on both topic and graph models.The methodology of this work consists of two stages.First,the well-known TextRank algorithm is analyzed and its shortcomings are investigated.Then,an improved method is proposed with a new computational model of sentence weights.The experimental results were carried out on standard DUC2004 and DUC2006 datasets and compared to four text summarization methods.Finally,through experiments on the DUC2004 and DUC2006 datasets,our proposed improved graph model algorithm TG-SMR(Topic Graph-Summarizer)is compared to other text summarization systems.The experimental results prove that the proposed TG-SMR algorithm achieves higher ROUGE scores.It is foreseen that the TG-SMR algorithm will open a new horizon that concerns the performance of ROUGE evaluation indicators.
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2013RC0114111 Project of China under Grant No.B08004
文摘With increasingly complex website structure and continuously advancing web technologies,accurate user clicks recognition from massive HTTP data,which is critical for web usage mining,becomes more difficult.In this paper,we propose a dependency graph model to describe the relationships between web requests.Based on this model,we design and implement a heuristic parallel algorithm to distinguish user clicks with the assistance of cloud computing technology.We evaluate the proposed algorithm with real massive data.The size of the dataset collected from a mobile core network is 228.7GB.It covers more than three million users.The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher accuracy than previous methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61379074)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ12F02003)
文摘Network modeling is an important approach in many fields in analyzing complex systems. Recently new series of methods have emerged, by using Kronecker product and similar tools to model real systems. One of such approaches is the multiplicative attribute graph(MAG) model, which generates networks based on category attributes of nodes. In this paper we try to extend this model into a continuous one, give an overview of its properties, and discuss some special cases related to real-world networks, as well as the influence of attribute distribution and affinity function respectively.
文摘Markov model is usually selected as the base model of user action in the intrusion detection system (IDS). However, the performance of the IDS depends on the status space of Markov model and it will degrade as the space dimension grows. Here, Markov Graph Model (MGM) is proposed to handle this issue. Specification of the model is described, and several methods for probability computation with MGM are also presented. Based on MGM, algorithms for building user model and predicting user action are presented. And the performance of these algorithms such as computing complexity, prediction accuracy, and storage requirement of MGM are analyzed.
文摘The development and the revolution of nanotechnology require more and effective methods to accurately estimating the timing analysis for any CMOS transistor level circuit. Many researches attempted to resolve the timing analysis, but the best method found till the moment is the Static Timing Analysis (STA). It is considered the best solution because of its accuracy and fast run time. Transistor level models are mandatory required for the best estimating methods, since these take into consideration all analysis scenarios to overcome problems of multiple-input switching, false paths and high stacks that are found in classic CMOS gates. In this paper, transistor level graph model is proposed to describe the behavior of CMOS circuits under predictive Nanotechnology SPICE parameters. This model represents the transistor in the CMOS circuit as nodes in the graph regardless of its positions in the gates to accurately estimating the timing analysis rather than inaccurate estimating which caused by the false paths at the gate level. Accurate static timing analysis is estimated using the model proposed in this paper. Building on the proposed model and the graph theory concepts, new algorithms are proposed and simulated to compute transistor timing analysis using RC model. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed graph model and its algorithms by using predictive Nano-Technology SPICE parameters for the tested technology. An important and effective extension has been achieved in this paper for a one that was published in international conference.
基金supported by the Project of China Southern Power Grid Digital Grid Research Institute Co.,Ltd.(210002KK52222026)。
文摘By modeling the spatiotemporal data of the power grid, it is possible to better understand its operational status, identify potential issues and risks, and take timely measures to adjust and optimize the system. Compared to the bus-branch model, the node-breaker model provides higher granularity in describing grid components and can dynamically reflect changes in equipment status, thus improving the efficiency of grid dispatching and operation. This paper proposes a spatiotemporal data modeling method based on a graph database. It elaborates on constructing graph nodes, graph ontology models, and graph entity models from grid dispatch data, describing the construction of the spatiotemporal node-breaker graph model and the transformation to the bus-branch model. Subsequently, by integrating spatiotemporal data attributes into the pre-built static grid graph model, a spatiotemporal evolving graph of the power grid is constructed. Furthermore, the concept of the “Power Grid One Graph” and its requirements in modern power systems are elucidated. Leveraging the constructed spatiotemporal node-breaker graph model and graph computing technology, the paper explores the feasibility of grid situational awareness. Finally, typical applications in an operational provincial grid are showcased, and potential scenarios of the proposed spatiotemporal graph model are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 62267005 and 42365008)the Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Multi-Source Information Integration and Intelligent Processing.
文摘With the development of the Semantic Web,the number of ontologies grows exponentially and the semantic relationships between ontologies become more and more complex,understanding the true semantics of specific terms or concepts in an ontology is crucial for the matching task.At present,the main challenges facing ontology matching tasks based on representation learning methods are how to improve the embedding quality of ontology knowledge and how to integrate multiple features of ontology efficiently.Therefore,we propose an Ontology Matching Method Based on the Gated Graph Attention Model(OM-GGAT).Firstly,the semantic knowledge related to concepts in the ontology is encoded into vectors using the OWL2Vec^(*)method,and the relevant path information from the root node to the concept is embedded to understand better the true meaning of the concept itself and the relationship between concepts.Secondly,the ontology is transformed into the corresponding graph structure according to the semantic relation.Then,when extracting the features of the ontology graph nodes,different attention weights are assigned to each adjacent node of the central concept with the help of the attention mechanism idea.Finally,gated networks are designed to further fuse semantic and structural embedding representations efficiently.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,comparative experiments on matching tasks were carried out on public datasets.The results show that the OM-GGAT model can effectively improve the efficiency of ontology matching.
文摘A comparison of two decision analysis tools for the analysis of strategic conflicts, the Analytic Network Process （ANP） and the graph model for conflict resolution, is carried out by applying them to the China-US TV dumping conflict. Firstly, the graph model is introduced along with practical procedures for modeling and analyzing conflicts using the decision support software, GMCR Ⅱ. Next, ANP is explained, emphasizing structural features and procedures for synthesizing priorities. Then a framework for employing ANP to analyze strategic conflicts is designed and used to compare ANP to the graph model. The case study of the China-US TV dumping conflict provides a basis for the graph model and ANP to be compared; different features of the approaches are highlighted. The study shows that because of different theoretical backgrounds, ANP and the graph model for conflict analysis both provide useful information which can be combined to furnish a better understanding of a strategic conflict.
基金the Centre for International Governance Innovation(CIGI) for financially supporting Dr.Sean Bernath Walker during his PhD studies in Systems Design Engineering at the University of Waterloo(UW) under the project entitled Multiple Participant-Multiple Objective Decision Making in International Governance,headed by K.W.Hipelfunded by the UW Faculty of EngineeringThe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC) of Canada
文摘A formal methodology for analyzing the importance of weighing a decision maker＇s attitudes in a conflict is introduced and applied to the problem of negotiating a fair transfer of a brownfield property. A decision maker＇s attitudes are expressed in his consideration of his own preferences, as well as those of his opponents. Dominating attitudes are used to suggest that in a circumstance in which a decision maker takes into account multiple perspectives due to his attitudes, he may favor one perspective more heavily. The analysis of a brownfield acquisition conflict illustrates the types of insights that this methodology reveals.
文摘A duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution is developed to investigate market competition between Airbus and Boeing over aircraft sales in the Asia Pacific region. The duo hierarchical graph model, a significant extension of the graph model for conflict resolution methodology, contains two common decision makers, who take part in two related subconflicts, as well as local decision makers, who participate in only one subconflict. New stability definitions are proposed to describe forms of sanction unique to the hierarchical model. The interrelationships between stabilities in the overall graph model and in the two local models are investigated. Then the duo hierarchical graph model is applied to the competition between Airbus and Boeing in both the wide and narrow body markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The two types of Asian airlines have different operating strategies, so that the two markets constitute sub-competitions that can be modelled naturally using the duo hierarchical graph model. The stability results indicate a resolution for all decision makers that implies marketing strategies for the aircraft manufacturers and guidelines for aircraft purchase by the airlines. Thus, this model provides decision makers with a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the comoetition and guidance in identifving beneficial actions.
文摘A novel approach for assessing the robustness of an equilibrium in conflict resolution is presented. Roughly, an equilibrium is robust if it is resilient, or resistant to deviation. Robustness assessment is based on a new concept called Level of Freedom, which evaluates the relative freedom of a decision maker to escape an equilibrium. Resolutions of a conflict can be affected by changes in decision makers＇ preferences, which may destabilize an equilibrium, causing the conflict to evolve. Hence, a conflict may become long-term and thereby continue to evolve, even after reaching an equilibrium. The new robustness measure is used to rank equilibria based on robustness, to facilitate distinguishing equiiibria that are relatively sustainable. An absolutely robust equilibrium is a special case in which the level of freedom is at an absolute minimum for each individual stability definition.
文摘As service oriented architecture （SOA） matures, service consumption demand leads to an urgent requirement for service discovery. Unlike Web documents, services are intended to be executed to achieve objectives and/or desired goals of users. This leads to the notion that service discovery should take the ＂usage context＂ of service into account as well as service content （descriptions） which have been well explored. In this paper, we introduce the concept of service context which is used to represent service usage. In query processing, both service content and service context are ex- amined to identify services. We propose to represent ser- vice context by a weighted bipartite graph model. Based on the bipartite graph model, we reduce the gap between query space and service space by query expansion to improve re- call. We also design an iteration algorithm for result ranking by considering service contextsefulness as well as contentrelevance to improve precision. Finally, we develop a service search engine implementing this mechanism, and conduct some experiments to verify our idea.
基金The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for carefully reading this paper and having provided meaningful suggestions which helped improve the quality of paper.This paper should be dedicated to Dr.Ye Chen who was a coauthor and passed away in June,2019.This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71601096,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2019M661838,the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(China)under Grant No.NS2020061,and the Natural Science Young Scholar Foundation of Jiangsu,China,under Grant No.BK20160809.
文摘A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.42106190]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Capacity Building Plan for Some Regional Universities and Colleges[No.20050501900].
文摘The community stability of coral reefs and fish is the focus of ecological monitoring of coral reefs.Among them,the realization of effective metrics of variations in reef fish communities(i.e.,the combined communities of coral reefs and fish)is important for analyzing the stability of communities as well as maintaining the ecological balance of coral reefs.Based on coral reef and fish data collected at St.John’s Island from 2004 to 2010,this study proposes a symbiotic graph modeling method to express the biological relationships of reef fish communities,and a Pyramid Match graph kernel method for fusing Attributes(PMA)to quantify community fluctuations to measure interannual variability of communities.The results showed that the community similarity was low in 2006,2007,and 2008.The total coral cover rate in the study area decreased by 32.04% from 2006 to 2007 and increased by 24% in 2008.The total number of fish fell from 3780 in 2006 to 2596 in 2007 and rose to 6249 in 2008.Among them,the proportion of herbivorous fish decreased to 30.84% in 2007.Furthermore,we have combined the Louvain algorithm with the proposed PMA method to effectively identify the regions that should be prioritized for protection.Experiments were conducted on real datasets with good results,demonstrating the potential of the proposed method to assist in the analysis of community stability and identification of priority conservation areas.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFC0910400,2017YFC0907500,and 2018ZX10302205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61702406,3161372,31701739 and 8191101420)+1 种基金the"World-Class Universities and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities",Xi'an Jiaotong University Basic Research and Profession Grant(No.xtr022019003)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Backgrounds Various models have been applied to predict the trend of the epidemic since the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods:In this study,we designed a dynamic graph model,not for precisely predicting the number of infected cases,but for a glance of the dynamics under a public epidemic emergency situation and of different contributing factors・Results^We demonstrated the impact of asymptomatic transmission in this outbreak and showed the effectiveness of city lockdown to halt virus spread within a city.We further illustrated that sudden emergence of a large number of cases could overwhelm the city medical system,and external medical aids are critical to not only containing the further spread of the virus but also reducing fatality.Conclusions Our model simulation showed that highly populated modern cities are particularly vulnerable and lessons learned in China could facilitate other countries to plan the proactive and decisive actions・We shall pay close attention to the asymptomatic transmission being suggested by rapidly accumulating evidence as dramatic changes in quarantine protocol are required to contain SARS・CoV・2 from spreading globally.
