【目的】GRAM(Glucosyltransferases,Rab-like GTPase activators and Myotubularins)是普遍存在于动、植物蛋白中的结构域,在植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要功能。在马铃薯全基因组中鉴定GRAM基因家族成员,分析马铃薯G...【目的】GRAM(Glucosyltransferases,Rab-like GTPase activators and Myotubularins)是普遍存在于动、植物蛋白中的结构域,在植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要功能。在马铃薯全基因组中鉴定GRAM基因家族成员,分析马铃薯GRAM家族基因在盐胁迫下的表达模式,探究GRAM家族在马铃薯盐胁迫过程中的作用。【方法】采用生物信息学方法鉴定马铃薯中GRAM家族成员,并对蛋白理化性质、染色体定位、亚细胞定位、基因结构、motif及共线性等方面进行分析。利用转录组测序和荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)对该家族成员在盐胁迫下的表达模式进行研究。【结果】在马铃薯中共鉴定到26个GRAM家族基因,不均匀地分布于7条染色体上;理化性质分析显示StGRAM全部为亲水性蛋白,大部分为碱性蛋白;亚细胞定位预测StGRAM蛋白大部分存在于叶绿体和细胞核;根据系统进化分析可将StGRAM家族分为3个亚族,同一亚族成员具有相似的基因结构及motif分布;通过马铃薯物种内共线性分析发现StGRAM仅有一对同源基因,物种间共线性显示StGRAM在水稻和拟南芥中分别存在5对和3对同源基因;在StGRAM基因启动子区发现大量的激素响应元件和逆境胁迫响应元件;转录组测序分析和RT-qPCR分析显示,StGRAM基因受盐胁迫的诱导表达,可能参与了马铃薯对盐胁迫的响应过程,StGRAM25基因可能对中性盐和碱性盐有不同的响应模式。【结论】StGRAM基因家族在马铃薯盐胁迫响应和信号转导过程中发挥着重要作用。展开更多
随着能源行业的快速发展和技术革新,大量的专业术语和表达方式不断更新,新词不断涌现。然而,传统的新词发现方法通常依赖于词典或规则,且难以高效率地处理和更新大量的专业术语,特别是在快速变化的能源领域。因此,结合能源领域文本数据...随着能源行业的快速发展和技术革新,大量的专业术语和表达方式不断更新,新词不断涌现。然而,传统的新词发现方法通常依赖于词典或规则,且难以高效率地处理和更新大量的专业术语,特别是在快速变化的能源领域。因此,结合能源领域文本数据特性,提出了一种融合N-Gram和多重注意力机制的能源领域新词发现方法(new word discovery method in the energy field combining N-Gram and multiple attention mechanism, ENFM)。该方法首先利用N-Gram模型对能源领域的文本数据进行初步处理,通过统计和分析词频来生成新词候选列表。随后,引入融合多重注意力机制的ERNIE-BiLSTM-CRF模型,以进一步提升新词发现的准确性和效率。与传统的新词发现技术相比,在新词的准确识别和整体效率上均有显著提升,将其于能源领域政策文本数据集,准确率、召回率和F1分别为95.71%、95.56%、95.63%。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地在能源领域的大量文本数据中识别新词,有效识别出能源领域特有的词汇和表达方式,显著提高了中文分词任务中对能源领域专业术语的识别能力。展开更多
Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insig...Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and Nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. Diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use.展开更多
文摘【目的】GRAM(Glucosyltransferases,Rab-like GTPase activators and Myotubularins)是普遍存在于动、植物蛋白中的结构域,在植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要功能。在马铃薯全基因组中鉴定GRAM基因家族成员,分析马铃薯GRAM家族基因在盐胁迫下的表达模式,探究GRAM家族在马铃薯盐胁迫过程中的作用。【方法】采用生物信息学方法鉴定马铃薯中GRAM家族成员,并对蛋白理化性质、染色体定位、亚细胞定位、基因结构、motif及共线性等方面进行分析。利用转录组测序和荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)对该家族成员在盐胁迫下的表达模式进行研究。【结果】在马铃薯中共鉴定到26个GRAM家族基因,不均匀地分布于7条染色体上;理化性质分析显示StGRAM全部为亲水性蛋白,大部分为碱性蛋白;亚细胞定位预测StGRAM蛋白大部分存在于叶绿体和细胞核;根据系统进化分析可将StGRAM家族分为3个亚族,同一亚族成员具有相似的基因结构及motif分布;通过马铃薯物种内共线性分析发现StGRAM仅有一对同源基因,物种间共线性显示StGRAM在水稻和拟南芥中分别存在5对和3对同源基因;在StGRAM基因启动子区发现大量的激素响应元件和逆境胁迫响应元件;转录组测序分析和RT-qPCR分析显示,StGRAM基因受盐胁迫的诱导表达,可能参与了马铃薯对盐胁迫的响应过程,StGRAM25基因可能对中性盐和碱性盐有不同的响应模式。【结论】StGRAM基因家族在马铃薯盐胁迫响应和信号转导过程中发挥着重要作用。
文摘随着能源行业的快速发展和技术革新,大量的专业术语和表达方式不断更新,新词不断涌现。然而,传统的新词发现方法通常依赖于词典或规则,且难以高效率地处理和更新大量的专业术语,特别是在快速变化的能源领域。因此,结合能源领域文本数据特性,提出了一种融合N-Gram和多重注意力机制的能源领域新词发现方法(new word discovery method in the energy field combining N-Gram and multiple attention mechanism, ENFM)。该方法首先利用N-Gram模型对能源领域的文本数据进行初步处理,通过统计和分析词频来生成新词候选列表。随后,引入融合多重注意力机制的ERNIE-BiLSTM-CRF模型,以进一步提升新词发现的准确性和效率。与传统的新词发现技术相比,在新词的准确识别和整体效率上均有显著提升,将其于能源领域政策文本数据集,准确率、召回率和F1分别为95.71%、95.56%、95.63%。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地在能源领域的大量文本数据中识别新词,有效识别出能源领域特有的词汇和表达方式,显著提高了中文分词任务中对能源领域专业术语的识别能力。
文摘Introduction: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a cause of frequent inpatient and outpatient care visits whose causative agents are associated with a high antimicrobial resistance burden. For insights on antimicrobial susceptibilities in a rural setting, we examined specimens from suspected SSTIs from two public health facilities in Kenya. We additionally assessed antibiotic use, appropriateness of empiric therapy and risk factors for SSTI. Methodology: Between 2021 and 2023, 265 patients at Kisii and Nyamira County Referral hospitals were enrolled. Wound swabs/aspirates were collected and processed following standard microbiological procedures. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 Compact platform. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed with R Statistical software. Results: S. aureus was isolated in 16.2% (43/265) of patients with a methicillin resistance (MRSA) proportion of 14% (6/43). While 13/15 drugs elicited susceptibilities ranging from 84% - 100%, penicillin (16%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SXT] (23%) yielded the lowest susceptibilities. Escherichia coli (n = 33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), and Citrobacter species (n = 4) were the most commonly isolated gram-negative species. Gram-negative strains showed high susceptibilities to most of the tested drugs (71% - 100%) with the exception of ampicillin (18%), TMP-SXT (33%), and first and second generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: The low MRSA prevalence and generally high antibiotic susceptibilities for S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria present opportunities for antibiotic stewardship in the study setting. Diminished susceptibilities against penicillin/ampicillin and TMP-SXT accord with prevailing local data and add a layer of evidence for their cautious empiric use.
