Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with pha...Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with phase gradient modulation can be used to achieve illusion optics,featuring the advantages of simple geometric structure and feasible implementation compared with the well-known transformation optics method.The underlying mechanism is the anomalous diffraction law caused by the phase gradient,which provides a theoretical basis for freely manipulating the propagation path of light.By considering a specific example,we will demonstrate that the phase gradient can transform spatial coordinates in real space into illusion space,thereby converting a plane in real space into a curved surface structure in illusion space to achieve the illusion effect.This approach provides a viable alternative to transformation optics for designing illusion devices.展开更多
Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodi...Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.展开更多
Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare t...Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.展开更多
A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface（GPGM）.With an accuracy control of the transmiss...A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface（GPGM）.With an accuracy control of the transmission phase and also the high transmission amplitude,the GPGM is capable of manipulating an electromagnetic wave arbitrarily.A focusing transmission lens working at Ku band is well optimized with the F /D of 0.32.A good focusing effect is demonstrated clearly by theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation.For further application,an ultra-thin single-layer transmissive lens antenna based on the proposed focusing metasurface operating at 13 GHz is implemented and launched by an original patch antenna from the perspective of high integration,simple structure,and low cost.Numerical and experimental results coincide well,indicating the advantages of the antenna system,such as a high gain of 17.6 d B,the axis ratio better than 2 d B,a high aperture efficiency of 41%,and also a simple fabrication process based on the convenient print circuit board technology.The good performance of the proposed antenna indicates promising applications in portable communication systems.展开更多
A polarization-insensitive unidirectional spoof surface plasmon polariton（SPP） coupler mediated by a gradient metasurface is proposed. The field distributions and average Poynting vector of the coupled spoof SPPs ar...A polarization-insensitive unidirectional spoof surface plasmon polariton（SPP） coupler mediated by a gradient metasurface is proposed. The field distributions and average Poynting vector of the coupled spoof SPPs are analyzed. The simulated and experimental results support the theoretical analysis and indicate that the designed gradient metasurface can couple both the parallel-polarized and normally-polarized incident waves to the spoof SPPs propagating in the same direction at about 5 GHz.展开更多
For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting fea...For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting feature,i.e.,a series of connected beamsplitters with the same splitting ratio,one metasurface can support a polarization encoding CZ gate or path encoding CZ gate,several independent CZ gates,and cascade CZ gates.Taking advantage that the path of output state is locked by the polarization of input state,path encoding CZ gates can efficiently filter out bit-flip errors coming from beam-splitting processes.These CZ gates also have the potential to detect quantum errors and generate high-dimensional entanglement through multi-degree-of-freedom correlation on metasurfaces.By integrating quantum CZ gates into a single metasurface,our results open an avenue for high-density and multifunctional integration of quantum devices.展开更多
The retroreflector based on a gradient metasurface can reflect electromagnetic(EM)waves to the source,and it is small in size and lightweight.However,even if the previous retroreflectors can be used for angle adaptati...The retroreflector based on a gradient metasurface can reflect electromagnetic(EM)waves to the source,and it is small in size and lightweight.However,even if the previous retroreflectors can be used for angle adaptation,the working efficiency declines sharply at large angles.In this paper,a retroreflector is designed based on a reconfigurable origami two-dimensional(2D)metagrating for efficient spin-locked retroreflection and for suppressing unwanted Floquet diffraction channels.After the retroreflection,the handedness of the wave remains consistent with the incident.By changing the folding state of the origami metagrating,the adaptive tangential momentum can be transferred to the incident wave,providing high-performance retroreflection over a continuous incidence angle range of 30°–45.8°(x-direction)and 30°–81°(y-direction).As proof of concept,an electric metagrating-based retroreflector is fabricated in the microwave frequency band,and the simulation and experimental results are consistent.This adaptive origami spin-locked metasurface has promising applications in spin-optics devices,communication systems,remote sensing,and radar cross-section(RCS)enhancement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12274313 and 62375234)the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Grant No.ZXL2024400)。
文摘Optical phase-gradient metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for enabling flexible light manipulation,with applications across diverse domains.In this work,we will demonstrate that the metasurfaces with phase gradient modulation can be used to achieve illusion optics,featuring the advantages of simple geometric structure and feasible implementation compared with the well-known transformation optics method.The underlying mechanism is the anomalous diffraction law caused by the phase gradient,which provides a theoretical basis for freely manipulating the propagation path of light.By considering a specific example,we will demonstrate that the phase gradient can transform spatial coordinates in real space into illusion space,thereby converting a plane in real space into a curved surface structure in illusion space to achieve the illusion effect.This approach provides a viable alternative to transformation optics for designing illusion devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274313,62275184,and 62411540033)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,Suzhou Basic Research Project(Grant No.SJC2023003)+1 种基金the Gusu Leading Talent Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.ZXL2024400)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perfect anomalous reflections have been demonstrated in optical phase gradient metasurfaces(PGMs),but they suffer from single-frequency(narrow-band)response due to the intrinsic limitation of natural geometric periodicity.Here,we provide both numerical and analytical evidence that a depth gradient metasurface can achieve discrete ultra-broadband perfect anomalous reflection in the microwave range in the absence of geometric periodicity.Remarkably,by adjusting the operating frequency of the incident wave,the same effect can be steadily obtained via a physically equivalent phase periodicity in the PGM.Based on this mechanism,a perfect retroreflector with a broadband response ranging from 1 GHz to 40 GHz is realized.Our work has promising applications in communication,source tracking,and military satellites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474370,11974032,12161141010,and T2325022)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301500).
文摘Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372034)
文摘A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface（GPGM）.With an accuracy control of the transmission phase and also the high transmission amplitude,the GPGM is capable of manipulating an electromagnetic wave arbitrarily.A focusing transmission lens working at Ku band is well optimized with the F /D of 0.32.A good focusing effect is demonstrated clearly by theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation.For further application,an ultra-thin single-layer transmissive lens antenna based on the proposed focusing metasurface operating at 13 GHz is implemented and launched by an original patch antenna from the perspective of high integration,simple structure,and low cost.Numerical and experimental results coincide well,indicating the advantages of the antenna system,such as a high gain of 17.6 d B,the axis ratio better than 2 d B,a high aperture efficiency of 41%,and also a simple fabrication process based on the convenient print circuit board technology.The good performance of the proposed antenna indicates promising applications in portable communication systems.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2015M580849)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61471292,61501365,61471388,6133100541404095,and 41390454)
文摘A polarization-insensitive unidirectional spoof surface plasmon polariton（SPP） coupler mediated by a gradient metasurface is proposed. The field distributions and average Poynting vector of the coupled spoof SPPs are analyzed. The simulated and experimental results support the theoretical analysis and indicate that the designed gradient metasurface can couple both the parallel-polarized and normally-polarized incident waves to the spoof SPPs propagating in the same direction at about 5 GHz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.12474370,No.12161141010 and No.T2325022by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology under Grant No.2021ZD0301500.
文摘For the requirement of quantum photonic integration in on-chip quantum information,we propose a scheme to realize quantum controlled-Z(CZ)gates through single gradient metasurface.Using its parallel beam-splitting feature,i.e.,a series of connected beamsplitters with the same splitting ratio,one metasurface can support a polarization encoding CZ gate or path encoding CZ gate,several independent CZ gates,and cascade CZ gates.Taking advantage that the path of output state is locked by the polarization of input state,path encoding CZ gates can efficiently filter out bit-flip errors coming from beam-splitting processes.These CZ gates also have the potential to detect quantum errors and generate high-dimensional entanglement through multi-degree-of-freedom correlation on metasurfaces.By integrating quantum CZ gates into a single metasurface,our results open an avenue for high-density and multifunctional integration of quantum devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61971437,61971341,and 61971435)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3806200)。
文摘The retroreflector based on a gradient metasurface can reflect electromagnetic(EM)waves to the source,and it is small in size and lightweight.However,even if the previous retroreflectors can be used for angle adaptation,the working efficiency declines sharply at large angles.In this paper,a retroreflector is designed based on a reconfigurable origami two-dimensional(2D)metagrating for efficient spin-locked retroreflection and for suppressing unwanted Floquet diffraction channels.After the retroreflection,the handedness of the wave remains consistent with the incident.By changing the folding state of the origami metagrating,the adaptive tangential momentum can be transferred to the incident wave,providing high-performance retroreflection over a continuous incidence angle range of 30°–45.8°(x-direction)and 30°–81°(y-direction).As proof of concept,an electric metagrating-based retroreflector is fabricated in the microwave frequency band,and the simulation and experimental results are consistent.This adaptive origami spin-locked metasurface has promising applications in spin-optics devices,communication systems,remote sensing,and radar cross-section(RCS)enhancement.
