I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a sy...I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.展开更多
The grinding and classification process is one of the key sub-processes in mineral processing, which influences the final process indexes significantly and determines energy and ball consumption of the whole plant. Th...The grinding and classification process is one of the key sub-processes in mineral processing, which influences the final process indexes significantly and determines energy and ball consumption of the whole plant. Therefore, optimal control of the process has been very important in practice. In order to stabilize the grinding index and improve grinding capacity in the process,a process model based on population balance model(PBM) is calibrated in this study. The correlation between the mill power and the operating variables in the grinding process is modelled by using the response surface method(RSM), which solves the problem where the traditional power modeling method relies on some unobservable mechanism-related parameters. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization model is established to maximize the useful power of the grinding circuit to improve the throughput of the grinding operation and improve the fraction of –0.074 mm particles in the hydrocyclone overflow to smooth the subsequent flotation operation. The elite non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II) is then employed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, subjective and objective weighting methods and integrated multi-attribute decision-making methods are used to select the optimal solution on the Pareto optimal solution set. The results demonstrate that the throughput of the mill and the fraction of –0.074 mm particles in the overflow of the cyclone are increased by 3.83 t/h and 2.53%, respectively.展开更多
The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico,which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic,socioeconomic,and urban characteristics,revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic v...The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico,which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic,socioeconomic,and urban characteristics,revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic vulnerability and resilience in the country.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the damage on the built environment,emergency response,recovery and reconstruction efforts,regulatory evolution,and institu-tional reforms that followed these events.Key topics include the performance of self-built housing and essential infrastructure,the challenges of decentralized building codes and their uneven development and enforcement,the role of civil society,private sector and media in disaster response,and the implementation of the National Reconstruction Program.Advances in seismic code development-particularly the updated Complementary Technical Norms(CTNs)of Mexico City-and the creation of a dedicated standard for the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings are also discussed.The proposed Construction Law for Mexico City,which aims to assign legal responsibility to stakeholders and formalize the regulatory framework,may serve as a legislative model for other regions.The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of coordination,tech-nical rigor,equity and inclusion in recovery and reconstruction,and public engagement in advancing seismic resilience across diverse urban,semi-urban and rural contexts.展开更多
文摘I the context of the Corporate Governance Code enactment in Japan, we examine how newly introduced outside directors in Japanese boards obtain information to take part in the decision-making process. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found 18 peer-reviewed publications in a time span between 2000 and 2016 that described the asymmetry of information between the insider group of board directors （including the CEO） and the outside board members. Our fmdings show that for the course of more than a decade, despite all changes and reforms, the role of board directors, whether insiders or outsiders, is still supplementary. They are treated more as advisors than active part in the decision-making process. We reveal different insider sources of information as forming social ties with the CEO and/or inside board directors and collaboration with Audit ＆ Supervisory Board （Kansayaku）, which can help reduce this asymmetry and improve the decision-making process. We assume that it will be easier for the outsiders to establish contacts and form social ties with the Audit ＆ Supervisory Board members because of their unspoken lower status and thus to obtain more information about the company internal affairs and discussions that take place during the informal meetings, where only insiders （including the CEO） are present.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62073342)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1701100)。
文摘The grinding and classification process is one of the key sub-processes in mineral processing, which influences the final process indexes significantly and determines energy and ball consumption of the whole plant. Therefore, optimal control of the process has been very important in practice. In order to stabilize the grinding index and improve grinding capacity in the process,a process model based on population balance model(PBM) is calibrated in this study. The correlation between the mill power and the operating variables in the grinding process is modelled by using the response surface method(RSM), which solves the problem where the traditional power modeling method relies on some unobservable mechanism-related parameters. On this basis, a multi-objective optimization model is established to maximize the useful power of the grinding circuit to improve the throughput of the grinding operation and improve the fraction of –0.074 mm particles in the hydrocyclone overflow to smooth the subsequent flotation operation. The elite non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II) is then employed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, subjective and objective weighting methods and integrated multi-attribute decision-making methods are used to select the optimal solution on the Pareto optimal solution set. The results demonstrate that the throughput of the mill and the fraction of –0.074 mm particles in the overflow of the cyclone are increased by 3.83 t/h and 2.53%, respectively.
文摘The September 2017 earthquakes in Mexico,which struck within a twelve-day span and affected regions with vastly different seismic,socioeconomic,and urban characteristics,revealed the multifactorial nature of seismic vulnerability and resilience in the country.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the damage on the built environment,emergency response,recovery and reconstruction efforts,regulatory evolution,and institu-tional reforms that followed these events.Key topics include the performance of self-built housing and essential infrastructure,the challenges of decentralized building codes and their uneven development and enforcement,the role of civil society,private sector and media in disaster response,and the implementation of the National Reconstruction Program.Advances in seismic code development-particularly the updated Complementary Technical Norms(CTNs)of Mexico City-and the creation of a dedicated standard for the evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings are also discussed.The proposed Construction Law for Mexico City,which aims to assign legal responsibility to stakeholders and formalize the regulatory framework,may serve as a legislative model for other regions.The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of coordination,tech-nical rigor,equity and inclusion in recovery and reconstruction,and public engagement in advancing seismic resilience across diverse urban,semi-urban and rural contexts.
