Goji berry is a famous edible and medicinal substance around the world.In this research,15 phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives(1-15),in cluding one new compound(1),were separated and identified from g oji ber...Goji berry is a famous edible and medicinal substance around the world.In this research,15 phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives(1-15),in cluding one new compound(1),were separated and identified from g oji berry.All isolates were elucidated via ex tensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses and chemical techniques.Six known isolates were first obtained from Lycium genus.Six isolates were effectively split in to double chromatographic peaks accompanied by the basically identical areas,indicating they belong to racemates.The oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC)experiment indicated that all isolates displayed a capacity of scavenging free radicals,and most of them exhibited higher ORAC than epigallocatechingallate.In ethanol/palmitic acid-established in vitro hepatocyte injury model,four phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives(1,2,9,and 15)significantly alleviated hepatocyte injury,among which compound 1 exerted the strongest protective activity.Notably,the hepatoprotective effect of compound 1 was further confirmed in ethanol-established liver damage mouse model,reflected by the reduction of lipid accumulation and the attenuation of pathological alteration.Combined with the in vitro results,the in vivo observations suggested that compound 1 suppressed cell apoptosis and the outburst of inflammation.Our findings provided first-hand evidence proving that goji berry-derived phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives hold a potential in treating alcoholic liver disease.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of Goji berry supplementation on improving macular pigment, serum zeaxanthin levels and visual acuity in patients with early age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. METHODS： A total ...AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of Goji berry supplementation on improving macular pigment, serum zeaxanthin levels and visual acuity in patients with early age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. METHODS： A total of 114 patients （aged from 51 to 92y, mean age 69.53±8.41y） with early AMD were enrolled in our prospective, randomized controlled study. The included patients were assigned randomly to the Goji group （n=57） with 25 g of Goji berries supplementation per day for 90d and the control group （n=57） with their normal diet for 90d. Macular pigment optical density （MPOD） was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry （HFP）. The levels of serum lutein （L）/zeaxanthin （Z） were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. MPOD, serum L/Z levels and best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） were recorded at baseline and 90d. RESULTS： In the Goji group, there were no statistically significant differences in the serum L levels between the baseline （0.199±0.149 μmol/mL） and 90d （0.203±0.181 μmol/mL） （t=-0.186, P=0.850）; however the serum Z levels were increased at 90d （0.101±0.087 μmol/mL） compared with those at the baseline （0.029±0.032 μmol/mL） （t=6.412, P〈0.001）. Patients treated with Goji berry for 90d showed an elevated MPOD （0.877±0.202 DU） from the baseline （0.731±0.205 DU） （t=-4.741, P=0.000）. In contrast to the control group, the serum Z levels and MPOD were higher in the Goji group at 90d （both P〈0.05）. At 90d, patients with Goji berry supplementation had a relative decrease in BCVA （0.21±0.18 logMAR） compared with the baseline （0.27±0.20） （t=2.397, P=0.020）. CONCLUSION： Overall, daily supplementation with Goji berry for 90d improves MPOD by increasing serum Z levels rather than serum L levels in early AMD patients. Goji berry may be an effective therapeutic intervention for preventing the progression of early AMD.展开更多
Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyz...Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.展开更多
GB （goji berry） has bioactive components capable of reversing the metabolic syndrome. This work investigated systemic, biometric and metabolic parameters of male rats fed with standard diet （group CD） or high-carb...GB （goji berry） has bioactive components capable of reversing the metabolic syndrome. This work investigated systemic, biometric and metabolic parameters of male rats fed with standard diet （group CD） or high-carbohydrate diet （group HC）. At 90 days of age the HC group was subdivided： one was given vehicle solution （HCD） and the other was given GB extract （HCDGB）, for 60 days. The vehicle was also given to the CD group. At 150 days of age, glucose tolerance test, tissue collection, plasmatic determinations, lipid content, in situ perfusion and oxidative stress of the liver were carried out. The GB supplementation improved the parameters of the metabolic syndrome caused by the HC diet, including decreased body weight gain, adiposity index, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, NAFLD, liver oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis. Together with the diminished insulin resistance, these results indicate the GB extract is an important adjuvant in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.展开更多
With a view to study the effects of exposure to T-2 toxin and their amelioration by Goji extract or charcoal, male mice were treated with a sublethal dose of T-2 toxin (200 μg/kg B.W) intraperitoneally. T-2 Toxin sho...With a view to study the effects of exposure to T-2 toxin and their amelioration by Goji extract or charcoal, male mice were treated with a sublethal dose of T-2 toxin (200 μg/kg B.W) intraperitoneally. T-2 Toxin showed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in blood of ALT, ALP, Total Lipids, TAS, and TNF. These were decreased by Goji extracts or charcoal, and were improved partially by the two treatments. It is concluded that the treatment of rats with Goji extract or charcoal ameliorated the adverse effects of toxins but the results suggest that Goji extracts may be used as antioxidant and antidote rather than charcoal for T-2 Toxin in mice.展开更多
The eye is one of the important organs for human beings to obtain information from the outside world and avoid harm,and 90%of human knowledge is obtained through the eye.The center of the retina in the human eye is ca...The eye is one of the important organs for human beings to obtain information from the outside world and avoid harm,and 90%of human knowledge is obtained through the eye.The center of the retina in the human eye is called the macula,and it is the area where vision is most concentrated.Current research suggests that macular pigment is mainly composed of lutein,zeaxanthin,and meso-zeaxanthin,which are able to absorb and attenuate blue light damage to the retina,and since humans cannot synthesize these carotenoids,they must be obtained by supplementing with carotenoid-rich foods.In addition,carotenoids also provide good provitamin A,which provides necessary nutritional support for people’s visual transduction.Therefore,eye health is inseparable from carotenoid supplementation,among which wolfberry,which is rich in a variety of carotenoids,has been confirmed by recent studies to have a good role in promoting eye health,and also provides a good source of natural carotenoids for humans.However,a systematic review of goji berry carotenoids in eye health is lacking in current studies.Based on this,this paper reviews the main carotenoid composition and its extraction and purification in wolfberry,discusses the changes of carotenoids in the process of harvesting and drying wolfberry,reviews the absorption and utilization of carotenoids in wolfberry,and more importantly,discusses the important role of carotenoids in wolfberry in eye health.展开更多
Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid...Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid-liquid fractionation method.n-Butanol fraction(GN)had the highest antioxidant activity while ethyl acetate fraction(GE)showed the highest inhibitory effect on theα-glucosidase enzyme.The anti-diabetic effect of GE was further investigated in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice.The oral administration of GE(300 or 600 mg/kg)reduced fasting blood glucose levels,improved glucose tolerance ability,and ameliorated insulin resistance in T2DM mice.GE intervention could enhance the cholesterol transportation in the serum in coincidence with decreased total cholesterol,triglyceride levels,and non-esterified fatty acid.Transcriptomic,immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that GE significantly up-regulated insulin receptor substrate 1,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,protein kinase B,glycogen synthesis,and glucose transporter 4.AMP-activated protein kinases-mediate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis,such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase1 and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidney tissues of GE groups were decreased.Thus,GE alleviated the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissue damage.The phytoconstituents of GE were characterized,and rutin,neochlorogenic acid,and its acylated derivatives have hypoglycemic effects.Furthermore,these findings suggested that GT might be used as a promising hypoglycemic candidate.展开更多
Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects...Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and soak time on the colour, phytochemicals, and the antioxidant capacity [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of two goji berry tea. A comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between black and red goji berry tea was conducted. Results showed that both red and black goji berry tea were rich in phytochemicals, giving high antioxidant ability. The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the two goji berry tea increased as the increases in soak temperature and time. Black goji berry tea had higher phytochemicals and antioxidant property than those of red goji berry tea. Infused at 100° water for the same time, the levels of total polysaccharides (150 mg/100 ml), total polyphenols (238 mg/ml), and antioxidant capacity (550 μmol/100 ml) of black goji berry tea were 3.5, 2, and 5 times higher, respectively, in comparison with red goji berry tea. The results of this study demonstrate that hot drink of goji berry in China is a good habit and black goji berry tea may be a better choice.展开更多
Fermented goji wine as a functional wine is made from yeast fermentation.To our knowledge,fermented goji wine still has a problem with insufficient characteristic aroma.Research has shown that some isoprene compounds ...Fermented goji wine as a functional wine is made from yeast fermentation.To our knowledge,fermented goji wine still has a problem with insufficient characteristic aroma.Research has shown that some isoprene compounds with characteristic aromas may improve the aroma of goji wine.Therefore,the present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of isoprene compound production by carotenoid degradation during the fermentation of goji wine.It was found that C1-C6,C5-C6,C6-C7,C7-C8,C8-C9 and C9-C10 were the most easily degraded sites in carotenoids under seven different pretreatment conditions(mechanical treatment,pectinase treatment,adjustment of pH,autoclave treatment,SO_(2) treatment,oxidation treatment and light treatment).Meanwhile,breaking different sites,different aroma contributions such as woody,rose,fruity and grassy aromas were found.Single-factor simulation experiments of goji wine during the fermentation showed that the metabolites in the fermentation process caused the degradation of carotenoids and most were volatile aroma compounds.These results may help improve the brewing process to enhance the aroma of goji wine.展开更多
This study describes the changes in the microbial growth,physicochemical properties,phenolics,enzyme activity,and antioxidant activity of Goji berry juice during fermentation with Tibetan kefir grains(TKG).The results...This study describes the changes in the microbial growth,physicochemical properties,phenolics,enzyme activity,and antioxidant activity of Goji berry juice during fermentation with Tibetan kefir grains(TKG).The results showed that TKG grew well in Goji berry juice,and yeasts were dominant in the later period of fermentation(5.20×10^(8)CFU/mL).The main fungal genus of TKG and fermented Goji berry juice(24,48,and 72 h)was Kazachstania stably.The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in Goji berry juice decreased from 92.05%to 33.11%after 72 h-fermentation,while that of Acetobacter increased to 66.81%.In addition,72 h-fermentation led to the consumption of 82.55%of total sugar and 93.90%of reducing sugar,as well as dramatic changes in organic acids.The main volatile substances changed from aldehydes(61.98%)to alcohols(55.24%)and esters(38.54%).The content of total soluble flavonoids(STFC)in Goji berry juice was significantly increased from 42.28 mg RE/100 mL to 85.69 mg RE/100 mL after complete fermentation(p<0.01).Furthermore,16 flavonoids,eight phenolic acids,one phenolic acid derivative,and two coumarins were identified by HRLC-ESI-MS/MS.α-Amylase and xylanase were primarily responsible for the release of flavonoids(mangiferin,rutin,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,and quercetin)during fermentation,thus significantly enhancing the reducing power and OH⋅scavenging activity of Goji berry juice.展开更多
The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermen...The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermentation process,bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity were investigated.Optimal combination of sonication time,enzyme ratio(cellulase:pectinase:protease),and enzyme concentration was determined by optimization experiments to be 10 min,1:1:1,and 0.75%,respectively.Under these conditions,the fermentation process greatly accelerated,the viable cell count of the lactic acid bacteria after fermentation for 36 h reached(5.57±0.38)×10^(8)CFU g^(-1)compared with(8.63±0.29)×10^(7)CFU g^(-1)for samples without pretreatment.The total phenol and flavonoid contents of Lycium barbarum with pretreatment after fermentation for 36 h increased by 10.69%and 19.62%,respectively,compared with samples without pretreatment.The highest antioxidant activities,as measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay,hydroxyl radical scavenging assay,and superoxide anion scavenging assay,were obtained for the treated Lycium barbarum.展开更多
Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)berries are well known for their biological activities and health-promoting antioxidant properties.Environmental and climatic factors can greatly affect accumulation of secondary metabolites,ca...Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)berries are well known for their biological activities and health-promoting antioxidant properties.Environmental and climatic factors can greatly affect accumulation of secondary metabolites,carotenoids and other antioxidants in plants.We determined the content and composition of main functional constituents of goji berries produced in central Italy in relation to the time of harvesting during two ripening seasons by analyzing the main environmental variables involved.The highest flavonoids content(0,19±0,006 mg QE/g)and antioxidant power(0,03±0,001 mmol Fe^(2+)eq/g)were found at the beginning of the fruiting season.In September,berries show the highest total polyphenols(3,22±0,09 mg GAE/g)and zeaxanthin contents(339,79±14,12μg/g).Our study focused on some important aspects related to the production of goji fruits with high nutraceutical characteristics in a non-experimental cultivation.Our results could provide reliable information on Goji performance in the European climate to be used for the exploitation of the species suggesting the best harvesting timing in terms of antioxidant power and nutraceutical features of berries.This information could be particularly useful for farmers eager to improve the quality of their products.展开更多
Urine is a human biofluid that is widely used for metabolomics research on disease biomarker discovery.Ideally,the metabolome profiles generated from comparative groups of individuals should mainly consist of the endo...Urine is a human biofluid that is widely used for metabolomics research on disease biomarker discovery.Ideally,the metabolome profiles generated from comparative groups of individuals should mainly consist of the endogenous human metabolites that reflect the healthy states of the individuals.However,external factors,such as diet,may alter the urine metabolome profile by either introducing a significant amount or variety of exogenous metabolites to urine or inducing changes of the metabolome profile.Thus,strict control of the external factors during the sample collection process is critical for urine metabolomics aimed at discovery of disease biomarkers.In this work,we describe a study to determine the effect of drinking Goji tea,which is considered a nutritional supplement drink in some regions of the world,on urine metabolome profile.The purpose of this work is not to determine the nutritional values of Goji tea,but to investigate whether drinking a moderate amount of Goji tea 1-3 h(short-term effect)or 12 h(longer-term effect)before urine collection can cause significant variations of urine metabolome profiles.A highly sensitive dansylation isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was used to determine the urine metabolomes before and after drinking Goji tea.From the studies of the short term(<3 h)and longer term(12 h)effects of drinking Goji tea,it is clear that the consumption of a moderate amount of Goji tea does not affect the urine metabolome significantly.Fasting for 12 h should be sufficient to remove any potential interference of Goji metabolites from the human urine metabolome profile.展开更多
Background:Tomato quality is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes involved in various complicated metabolic pathways.Materials and Methods:This study sought to improve tomato taste and quality by grafting on g...Background:Tomato quality is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes involved in various complicated metabolic pathways.Materials and Methods:This study sought to improve tomato taste and quality by grafting on goji rootstock.We integrated physiological and biochemical indicators,as wellas metabolic and transcriptomic analysis,to evaluate tomato quality.Results:The grafted tomatoes showed significant increases in soluble solids(51.48%),vitamin C(16.86%),soluble protein(16.19%),titratable acid(11.73%),anthocyanin(11.43%),and polysaccharide(9.43%)content compared to those of the control.Metabolomics analysis identified 234 differentially accumulated metabolites and transcriptome analysis identified 4213 differentially expressed genes between grafted and control tomatoes at three ripening stages(mature green,turning,and fully red).A total of 93 phenolic compounds,including flavonoids and phenolic acids,showed differential accumulation patterns between grafted and control tomatoes at the fully red stage.These changes were attributed to the upregulation of key genes(F3'H,F3'5'H,DFR,and ANS)associated with flavonoids and anthocyanin synthesis in the goji rootstock compared to those of the control.The expression of genes involved in sucrose hydrolysis and starch synthesis,including invertase(INV),sucrase synthase(SUS),and beta-amylase(BAM)genes,were suppressed by goji grafting,resulting in increased levels of sugars.In addition,the consistency between the transcriptomic and metabolomic data provided a robust validation of the observed quality changes.Conclusions:Taken together,our results demonstrate that grafting onto goji rootstock improves tomato quality by modulating multiple genes involved in phenylpropanoid,sucrose,and starch pathways during fruit development,providing valuable insights for improving the quality and tasteof tomato.展开更多
基金funded via National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925037,82321004,U22A20371,and 82273801)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000026)+6 种基金Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(2021A0505020015)Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Higher Education Institution(2021KCXTD001)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012071)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association of Chinese Medicine(2021-QNRC2-B21)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023LSYS002)Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Disease Susceptibility(2024A03J090)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201707010414,202201020066,and 2024A04J9955)。
文摘Goji berry is a famous edible and medicinal substance around the world.In this research,15 phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives(1-15),in cluding one new compound(1),were separated and identified from g oji berry.All isolates were elucidated via ex tensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses and chemical techniques.Six known isolates were first obtained from Lycium genus.Six isolates were effectively split in to double chromatographic peaks accompanied by the basically identical areas,indicating they belong to racemates.The oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC)experiment indicated that all isolates displayed a capacity of scavenging free radicals,and most of them exhibited higher ORAC than epigallocatechingallate.In ethanol/palmitic acid-established in vitro hepatocyte injury model,four phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives(1,2,9,and 15)significantly alleviated hepatocyte injury,among which compound 1 exerted the strongest protective activity.Notably,the hepatoprotective effect of compound 1 was further confirmed in ethanol-established liver damage mouse model,reflected by the reduction of lipid accumulation and the attenuation of pathological alteration.Combined with the in vitro results,the in vivo observations suggested that compound 1 suppressed cell apoptosis and the outburst of inflammation.Our findings provided first-hand evidence proving that goji berry-derived phenylpropionyl phenylethylamine derivatives hold a potential in treating alcoholic liver disease.
基金Supported by Special Foundation for Public Welfare Research of China(No.2013CZ-9)
文摘AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of Goji berry supplementation on improving macular pigment, serum zeaxanthin levels and visual acuity in patients with early age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. METHODS： A total of 114 patients （aged from 51 to 92y, mean age 69.53±8.41y） with early AMD were enrolled in our prospective, randomized controlled study. The included patients were assigned randomly to the Goji group （n=57） with 25 g of Goji berries supplementation per day for 90d and the control group （n=57） with their normal diet for 90d. Macular pigment optical density （MPOD） was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry （HFP）. The levels of serum lutein （L）/zeaxanthin （Z） were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. MPOD, serum L/Z levels and best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） were recorded at baseline and 90d. RESULTS： In the Goji group, there were no statistically significant differences in the serum L levels between the baseline （0.199±0.149 μmol/mL） and 90d （0.203±0.181 μmol/mL） （t=-0.186, P=0.850）; however the serum Z levels were increased at 90d （0.101±0.087 μmol/mL） compared with those at the baseline （0.029±0.032 μmol/mL） （t=6.412, P〈0.001）. Patients treated with Goji berry for 90d showed an elevated MPOD （0.877±0.202 DU） from the baseline （0.731±0.205 DU） （t=-4.741, P=0.000）. In contrast to the control group, the serum Z levels and MPOD were higher in the Goji group at 90d （both P〈0.05）. At 90d, patients with Goji berry supplementation had a relative decrease in BCVA （0.21±0.18 logMAR） compared with the baseline （0.27±0.20） （t=2.397, P=0.020）. CONCLUSION： Overall, daily supplementation with Goji berry for 90d improves MPOD by increasing serum Z levels rather than serum L levels in early AMD patients. Goji berry may be an effective therapeutic intervention for preventing the progression of early AMD.
基金This work was funded by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Project(2021BEF02004),Central Finance Forestry Reform and Development Fund“Forest Seed Cultivation”.
文摘Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.
文摘GB （goji berry） has bioactive components capable of reversing the metabolic syndrome. This work investigated systemic, biometric and metabolic parameters of male rats fed with standard diet （group CD） or high-carbohydrate diet （group HC）. At 90 days of age the HC group was subdivided： one was given vehicle solution （HCD） and the other was given GB extract （HCDGB）, for 60 days. The vehicle was also given to the CD group. At 150 days of age, glucose tolerance test, tissue collection, plasmatic determinations, lipid content, in situ perfusion and oxidative stress of the liver were carried out. The GB supplementation improved the parameters of the metabolic syndrome caused by the HC diet, including decreased body weight gain, adiposity index, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, NAFLD, liver oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis. Together with the diminished insulin resistance, these results indicate the GB extract is an important adjuvant in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
文摘With a view to study the effects of exposure to T-2 toxin and their amelioration by Goji extract or charcoal, male mice were treated with a sublethal dose of T-2 toxin (200 μg/kg B.W) intraperitoneally. T-2 Toxin showed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in blood of ALT, ALP, Total Lipids, TAS, and TNF. These were decreased by Goji extracts or charcoal, and were improved partially by the two treatments. It is concluded that the treatment of rats with Goji extract or charcoal ameliorated the adverse effects of toxins but the results suggest that Goji extracts may be used as antioxidant and antidote rather than charcoal for T-2 Toxin in mice.
基金supported by the National Key research and Development Program of china(2023YFF1103802).
文摘The eye is one of the important organs for human beings to obtain information from the outside world and avoid harm,and 90%of human knowledge is obtained through the eye.The center of the retina in the human eye is called the macula,and it is the area where vision is most concentrated.Current research suggests that macular pigment is mainly composed of lutein,zeaxanthin,and meso-zeaxanthin,which are able to absorb and attenuate blue light damage to the retina,and since humans cannot synthesize these carotenoids,they must be obtained by supplementing with carotenoid-rich foods.In addition,carotenoids also provide good provitamin A,which provides necessary nutritional support for people’s visual transduction.Therefore,eye health is inseparable from carotenoid supplementation,among which wolfberry,which is rich in a variety of carotenoids,has been confirmed by recent studies to have a good role in promoting eye health,and also provides a good source of natural carotenoids for humans.However,a systematic review of goji berry carotenoids in eye health is lacking in current studies.Based on this,this paper reviews the main carotenoid composition and its extraction and purification in wolfberry,discusses the changes of carotenoids in the process of harvesting and drying wolfberry,reviews the absorption and utilization of carotenoids in wolfberry,and more importantly,discusses the important role of carotenoids in wolfberry in eye health.
基金supported by the Yunnan High-Level Talents Innovation Program(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-226,YNWR-QNBJ-2020-246)the Major Science and Technology Project(202202AG050009+1 种基金2023530000241013)High-Level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming(2022SCP003).
文摘Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)leaves are widely processed as a healthy tea(GT)in China for their multiple biological activities.In this study,different polar segments from GT ethanolic extract were obtained using the liquid-liquid fractionation method.n-Butanol fraction(GN)had the highest antioxidant activity while ethyl acetate fraction(GE)showed the highest inhibitory effect on theα-glucosidase enzyme.The anti-diabetic effect of GE was further investigated in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)mice.The oral administration of GE(300 or 600 mg/kg)reduced fasting blood glucose levels,improved glucose tolerance ability,and ameliorated insulin resistance in T2DM mice.GE intervention could enhance the cholesterol transportation in the serum in coincidence with decreased total cholesterol,triglyceride levels,and non-esterified fatty acid.Transcriptomic,immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that GE significantly up-regulated insulin receptor substrate 1,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,protein kinase B,glycogen synthesis,and glucose transporter 4.AMP-activated protein kinases-mediate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis,such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase1 and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidney tissues of GE groups were decreased.Thus,GE alleviated the liver,kidney,and pancreatic tissue damage.The phytoconstituents of GE were characterized,and rutin,neochlorogenic acid,and its acylated derivatives have hypoglycemic effects.Furthermore,these findings suggested that GT might be used as a promising hypoglycemic candidate.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771982 and 31401474).
文摘Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and soak time on the colour, phytochemicals, and the antioxidant capacity [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of two goji berry tea. A comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between black and red goji berry tea was conducted. Results showed that both red and black goji berry tea were rich in phytochemicals, giving high antioxidant ability. The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the two goji berry tea increased as the increases in soak temperature and time. Black goji berry tea had higher phytochemicals and antioxidant property than those of red goji berry tea. Infused at 100° water for the same time, the levels of total polysaccharides (150 mg/100 ml), total polyphenols (238 mg/ml), and antioxidant capacity (550 μmol/100 ml) of black goji berry tea were 3.5, 2, and 5 times higher, respectively, in comparison with red goji berry tea. The results of this study demonstrate that hot drink of goji berry in China is a good habit and black goji berry tea may be a better choice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.021300000358).
文摘Fermented goji wine as a functional wine is made from yeast fermentation.To our knowledge,fermented goji wine still has a problem with insufficient characteristic aroma.Research has shown that some isoprene compounds with characteristic aromas may improve the aroma of goji wine.Therefore,the present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of isoprene compound production by carotenoid degradation during the fermentation of goji wine.It was found that C1-C6,C5-C6,C6-C7,C7-C8,C8-C9 and C9-C10 were the most easily degraded sites in carotenoids under seven different pretreatment conditions(mechanical treatment,pectinase treatment,adjustment of pH,autoclave treatment,SO_(2) treatment,oxidation treatment and light treatment).Meanwhile,breaking different sites,different aroma contributions such as woody,rose,fruity and grassy aromas were found.Single-factor simulation experiments of goji wine during the fermentation showed that the metabolites in the fermentation process caused the degradation of carotenoids and most were volatile aroma compounds.These results may help improve the brewing process to enhance the aroma of goji wine.
基金supported by the national 13th Five-Year key Research and Development Plan project(grant number 2019YFC1606703).
文摘This study describes the changes in the microbial growth,physicochemical properties,phenolics,enzyme activity,and antioxidant activity of Goji berry juice during fermentation with Tibetan kefir grains(TKG).The results showed that TKG grew well in Goji berry juice,and yeasts were dominant in the later period of fermentation(5.20×10^(8)CFU/mL).The main fungal genus of TKG and fermented Goji berry juice(24,48,and 72 h)was Kazachstania stably.The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in Goji berry juice decreased from 92.05%to 33.11%after 72 h-fermentation,while that of Acetobacter increased to 66.81%.In addition,72 h-fermentation led to the consumption of 82.55%of total sugar and 93.90%of reducing sugar,as well as dramatic changes in organic acids.The main volatile substances changed from aldehydes(61.98%)to alcohols(55.24%)and esters(38.54%).The content of total soluble flavonoids(STFC)in Goji berry juice was significantly increased from 42.28 mg RE/100 mL to 85.69 mg RE/100 mL after complete fermentation(p<0.01).Furthermore,16 flavonoids,eight phenolic acids,one phenolic acid derivative,and two coumarins were identified by HRLC-ESI-MS/MS.α-Amylase and xylanase were primarily responsible for the release of flavonoids(mangiferin,rutin,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,and quercetin)during fermentation,thus significantly enhancing the reducing power and OH⋅scavenging activity of Goji berry juice.
基金funded by the Tianjin Science and Technology Support Key Project(20YFZCSN00980)the Innovative Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Tianjin(ITTHRS2021000).
文摘The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermentation process,bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity were investigated.Optimal combination of sonication time,enzyme ratio(cellulase:pectinase:protease),and enzyme concentration was determined by optimization experiments to be 10 min,1:1:1,and 0.75%,respectively.Under these conditions,the fermentation process greatly accelerated,the viable cell count of the lactic acid bacteria after fermentation for 36 h reached(5.57±0.38)×10^(8)CFU g^(-1)compared with(8.63±0.29)×10^(7)CFU g^(-1)for samples without pretreatment.The total phenol and flavonoid contents of Lycium barbarum with pretreatment after fermentation for 36 h increased by 10.69%and 19.62%,respectively,compared with samples without pretreatment.The highest antioxidant activities,as measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay,hydroxyl radical scavenging assay,and superoxide anion scavenging assay,were obtained for the treated Lycium barbarum.
文摘Goji(Lycium barbarum L.)berries are well known for their biological activities and health-promoting antioxidant properties.Environmental and climatic factors can greatly affect accumulation of secondary metabolites,carotenoids and other antioxidants in plants.We determined the content and composition of main functional constituents of goji berries produced in central Italy in relation to the time of harvesting during two ripening seasons by analyzing the main environmental variables involved.The highest flavonoids content(0,19±0,006 mg QE/g)and antioxidant power(0,03±0,001 mmol Fe^(2+)eq/g)were found at the beginning of the fruiting season.In September,berries show the highest total polyphenols(3,22±0,09 mg GAE/g)and zeaxanthin contents(339,79±14,12μg/g).Our study focused on some important aspects related to the production of goji fruits with high nutraceutical characteristics in a non-experimental cultivation.Our results could provide reliable information on Goji performance in the European climate to be used for the exploitation of the species suggesting the best harvesting timing in terms of antioxidant power and nutraceutical features of berries.This information could be particularly useful for farmers eager to improve the quality of their products.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadathe Canadian Institutes of Health Research+1 种基金the Canada Research Chairs ProgramGenome Canada
文摘Urine is a human biofluid that is widely used for metabolomics research on disease biomarker discovery.Ideally,the metabolome profiles generated from comparative groups of individuals should mainly consist of the endogenous human metabolites that reflect the healthy states of the individuals.However,external factors,such as diet,may alter the urine metabolome profile by either introducing a significant amount or variety of exogenous metabolites to urine or inducing changes of the metabolome profile.Thus,strict control of the external factors during the sample collection process is critical for urine metabolomics aimed at discovery of disease biomarkers.In this work,we describe a study to determine the effect of drinking Goji tea,which is considered a nutritional supplement drink in some regions of the world,on urine metabolome profile.The purpose of this work is not to determine the nutritional values of Goji tea,but to investigate whether drinking a moderate amount of Goji tea 1-3 h(short-term effect)or 12 h(longer-term effect)before urine collection can cause significant variations of urine metabolome profiles.A highly sensitive dansylation isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was used to determine the urine metabolomes before and after drinking Goji tea.From the studies of the short term(<3 h)and longer term(12 h)effects of drinking Goji tea,it is clear that the consumption of a moderate amount of Goji tea does not affect the urine metabolome significantly.Fasting for 12 h should be sufficient to remove any potential interference of Goji metabolites from the human urine metabolome profile.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Province‘Three Rural Nine Parties’Science and Technology Cooperation Plan Project(No.2022SNJF027)the Headquarters Administration of Zhejiang Pairing-up Support for Qinghai Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,China.
文摘Background:Tomato quality is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes involved in various complicated metabolic pathways.Materials and Methods:This study sought to improve tomato taste and quality by grafting on goji rootstock.We integrated physiological and biochemical indicators,as wellas metabolic and transcriptomic analysis,to evaluate tomato quality.Results:The grafted tomatoes showed significant increases in soluble solids(51.48%),vitamin C(16.86%),soluble protein(16.19%),titratable acid(11.73%),anthocyanin(11.43%),and polysaccharide(9.43%)content compared to those of the control.Metabolomics analysis identified 234 differentially accumulated metabolites and transcriptome analysis identified 4213 differentially expressed genes between grafted and control tomatoes at three ripening stages(mature green,turning,and fully red).A total of 93 phenolic compounds,including flavonoids and phenolic acids,showed differential accumulation patterns between grafted and control tomatoes at the fully red stage.These changes were attributed to the upregulation of key genes(F3'H,F3'5'H,DFR,and ANS)associated with flavonoids and anthocyanin synthesis in the goji rootstock compared to those of the control.The expression of genes involved in sucrose hydrolysis and starch synthesis,including invertase(INV),sucrase synthase(SUS),and beta-amylase(BAM)genes,were suppressed by goji grafting,resulting in increased levels of sugars.In addition,the consistency between the transcriptomic and metabolomic data provided a robust validation of the observed quality changes.Conclusions:Taken together,our results demonstrate that grafting onto goji rootstock improves tomato quality by modulating multiple genes involved in phenylpropanoid,sucrose,and starch pathways during fruit development,providing valuable insights for improving the quality and tasteof tomato.
文摘本文以药食同源的宁夏枸杞干果(Lyciumbarbarum L.)为原料,利用鼠李糖乳杆菌对其进行发酵,以黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制率为评价指标,通过单因素实验和响应面实验优化发酵工艺,并对发酵枸杞汁的发酵特性、营养和风味特性以及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵枸杞汁的最佳发酵工艺为发酵时间28 h、发酵温度34℃、接种量4%,在此条件下,发酵枸杞汁对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率为79.40%,pH为4.44±0.04,活菌数可达9.5±0.005 lg CFU/mL。与未发酵枸杞汁相比,发酵枸杞汁的可溶性蛋白、总酚和总黄酮含量显著降低(P<0.05),总糖含量增加。此外,GC-IMS分析结果表明发酵后枸杞汁有较多醇类物质产生,增加其独有的发酵香气。体外抗氧化活性分析结果表明发酵后枸杞汁的DPPH自由基清除能力显著提高了186.5%(P<0.05)。
