The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)ca...The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.展开更多
Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
This year marks the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Mozambique.To commemorate this milestone,ChinAfrica spoke with Maria Gustava,Mozambique’s ambassador to China,about the state of bilatera...This year marks the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Mozambique.To commemorate this milestone,ChinAfrica spoke with Maria Gustava,Mozambique’s ambassador to China,about the state of bilateral relations,China-Africa cooperation,and key developments shaping the global landscape.展开更多
Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face o...Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face of rapid global population growth requires sustained attention to global and national cropland changes.Accurately quantifying the correlation between population and cropland area(i.e.,SDG 2.4.1 per capita cropland)and analyzing the trends of global cropland imbalance are essential for a comprehensive understanding of SDG 2.In this study,we utilized a new global 30 m land-cover dynamic dataset(GLC_FCS30D)to analyze cropland dynamics,quantify per capita cropland and its changes across various countries and levels of development.Our results indicate that the global cropland area expanded by 0.944 million km^(2)from 1985 to 2022,with an average expansion rate of 2.42×10^(4)km^(2)/yr.However,the global per capita cropland area decreased from 0.347 ha in 1985 to 0.217 ha in 2022,mainly due to a higher population increase of nearly 65%in the same period.In the context of globalization,cropland expansion and per capita cropland exhibited spatial imbalances globally,particularly in developing countries.Developing countries saw an increase in total cropland area by 7.09%but a significant decrease in per capita cropland area by 37.38%.From a temporal perspective,the global imbalance has been steadily increasing with the Gini index rising from 0.895 in 1985 to 0.909 in 2022.Consequently,this study reveals an increasing imbalance of global per capita cropland across various countries,which threatens the attainment of the targets of SDG 2.展开更多
Blindness affected 45 million people globally in 2021,and moderate to severe vision loss a further 295 million.[1]The most common causes,cataract and uncorrected refractive error,are generally the easiest to treat,and...Blindness affected 45 million people globally in 2021,and moderate to severe vision loss a further 295 million.[1]The most common causes,cataract and uncorrected refractive error,are generally the easiest to treat,and are among the most cost-effective procedures in all of medicine and international development.[1-2]Thus,vision impairment is both extremely common and,in principle,readily manageable.展开更多
Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ...Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.展开更多
Urban areas’performance in water,energy,infrastructure,and socio-economic sectors is intertwined and measurable through Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)6–13.Effective synergy among these is critical for sustainab...Urban areas’performance in water,energy,infrastructure,and socio-economic sectors is intertwined and measurable through Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)6–13.Effective synergy among these is critical for sustainability.This study constructs an indicator framework that reflects progress towards these urban SDGs in China.Findings indicate underperformance in SDGs 8–11,suggesting the need for transformative actions.Through network analysis,the research reveals complementarities among these SDGs.Notably,the SDG space divides into socio-economic and ecological clusters,with SDG 6(Clean Water and Sanitation)central to both.Additionally,SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth)and SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure)act as bridges,while greater synergies exist between SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production)and SDG 13(Climate Action).An in-depth view at the indicator-level shows a core-periphery structure,emphasizing indicators like SDG 6.2(Wastewater Treatment Rate)and SDG 6.6(Recycled Water Production Capacity per capita)as pivotal.This study confirms the urban SDG space’s stability and predictiveness,underscoring its value in steering well-aligned policy decisions for sustainable growth.展开更多
This paper reviews the history and lessons of global oil crises while exploring the establishment of a quantitative evaluation model for oil security with Chinese characteristics.Using principal component analysis,it ...This paper reviews the history and lessons of global oil crises while exploring the establishment of a quantitative evaluation model for oil security with Chinese characteristics.Using principal component analysis,it constructs an oil security evaluation indicator system for China with two main-level indicators:foreign oil dependency and its impacts,and market intervention and security assurance.展开更多
In the Government Work Report released on March 5,the main goals for China’s economic development in 2025 were clarified.Some may seem consistent with last year,but they still contain profound considerations and trad...In the Government Work Report released on March 5,the main goals for China’s economic development in 2025 were clarified.Some may seem consistent with last year,but they still contain profound considerations and trade-offs,while others have changed unexpectedly to better match the reality on the ground.展开更多
Ecosystem services in urban agglomerations are the environmental conditions under which human survival and development are sustained.Quantitative assessment of ecosystem services and complex interactions can contribut...Ecosystem services in urban agglomerations are the environmental conditions under which human survival and development are sustained.Quantitative assessment of ecosystem services and complex interactions can contribute positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for urban agglomerations.However,studies on the future contribution of multi-scenario ecosystem services to the SDGS are lacking.We pronovel integrated modeling framework that integrates the CLUES,InVEST,SOM,and GWR approaches to address the complex relationship between ecosystem services over a long“past-present-future”time series.We construct a novel ecosystem service bundle-based approach for measuring urban agglomerations progress towards achieving ecologically relevant sustainable development goals at multiple scales.In the future scenario,the water yield(WY),habitat quality(HQ),and soil conservation(SC)show similar spatial patterns,with comparable spatial grids,while carbon stock(CS)remains predominantly unchanged and the ecological protection scenario(EPS)improves more significantly.The high-synergy regions are mainly distributed in bundle 4,and most of the trade-off regions appear in bundles 1 and 2.Over the last 30 years,all but the water-related SDGs are declining in bundle 1 of the two urban agglomerations,which are 15%higher in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf(GBG)than in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA).From 2020 to 2035,the three scenarios demonstrate that the optimization of the SDGs progresses most effectively under the future ecological protection scenario(EPS).In particular,bundles 3 and 4 are significantly improved.This critical new knowledge can be used in sustainable ecosystem management and decision-making in urban agglomerations.展开更多
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)requires place-based solutions that reconcile global aspirations with local realities.Landscapes and regions represent a pivotal scale domain—large enough to capture cross...Achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)requires place-based solutions that reconcile global aspirations with local realities.Landscapes and regions represent a pivotal scale domain—large enough to capture cross-boundary ecological and socioeconomic processes,yet sufficiently grounded to enable context-sensitive understanding and governance.Landscape sustainability science offers a robust framework for bridging the global-local divide in SDG implementation.Rooted in the long-standing convergence between ecology and geography—tracing back to Humboldt’s unity of nature—landscape sustainability science advances a spatially explicit,systems-oriented approach guided by the principles of strong sustainability.Here we present the landscape sustainability science framework,structured around the core triad of landscape pattern,ecosystem services,and human wellbeing,and operationalized through dual feedback loops and the analysis–adaptation–assessment cycle.Our assessment shows that landscape sustainability science contributes directly to eight SDGs and indirectly to six others,offering actionable strategies for climate resilience,sustainable land management,and inclusive landscape governance.By helping to spatialize,localize,and operationalize global sustainability targets,landscape sustainability science provides a pragmatic pathway to advance the SDGs in diverse socioecological contexts.If global sustainability is to be achieved,we must think and act like a landscape.展开更多
Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re str...Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re stricts the recognition of ESs’roles in attaining SDGs and landscape planning.We selected 183 counties in the Sichuan Province as the study area and mapped 10 SDGs and 7 ESs from 2000 to 2020.We used correlation analysis,principal component analysis,Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model,and self organizing maps to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impacts of the bundle of ESs on the SDGs and to develop spatial planning and management strategies.The results showed that(1)SDGs were improved in all counties,with SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 3(Good Health and Well-being)exhibiting poor performance.West ern Sichuan demonstrated stronger performance in environment-related SDGs in the Sichuan Province,while the Sichuan Basin showed better progress in socio-economic-related SDGs;(2)habitat quality,carbon sequestration,air pollution removal,and soil retention significantly influenced the development of 9 SDGs;(3)supporting,regulating,and provisioning service bundles have persistent and stable spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects on SDG1,SDG8,SDG11,SDG13,and SDG15.These findings substantiate the need for integrated management of multiple ESs and facilitate the regional achievement of SDGs in geographically intricate areas.展开更多
Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology literature.Methods： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted me...Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology literature.Methods： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted meta-analytic procedures were used with Hedges g as the effect size metric. From the 17 studies, 73 effect sizes were calculated.Results： Results based on a random effects model indicated that the performance goal contrast had the largest facilitative impact on performance followed by the mastery and performance approach goals. Both of the avoidance goals performance and mastery had small non-significant and detrimental effects on performance. The homogeneity statistics revealed significant heterogeneity for the approach and avoidance performance goals. Categorical moderator variables were examined for study sex composition（male, female, or mixed）, mean age of sample（〈18 years or 18 years）, study setting（lab or naturalistic）, and nature of performance variable（objective or subjective）.Conclusion： The performance goal contrast holds value for sport performance research. Contrary to approach-avoidance predictions, the mastery-approach goal and performance effect size was significant and of equal magnitude as the performance approach goal and performance effect size. Thus, future research should closely test the efficacy of both the mastery- and performance contrasts in impacting performance of sport tasks. Last, the significant effect sizes reported in this review are in stark contrast to contemporary meta-analytic findings in education.Differences in the approach-avoidance goals in sport and education relative to performance should be researched further.展开更多
This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of ...This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integration of the R42L9 model are analyzed. Results show that the model reproduces well the observed basic patterns, particularly precipitation over the East Asian region. Comparing the new model with R15L9/LASG, the old version with coarse resolution (nearly 7.5°long×4.5°lat), shows an obvious improvement in the simulation of regional climate, especially precipitation. The weaknesses in simulation and future improvements of the model are also discussed.展开更多
The capabilities of two versions of the Global–Ocean–Atmosphere–Land–System model (i.e. GOALS–2 and GOALS–4) developed at State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), are v...The capabilities of two versions of the Global–Ocean–Atmosphere–Land–System model (i.e. GOALS–2 and GOALS–4) developed at State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), are validated in terms of the simulations of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is currently the subject of considerable scientific interest. The results show that both GOALS–2 and GOALS–4 exhibit a realistic NAO signal associated with relatively reasonable spatial patterns of sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and precipitation. Generally speaking, the associated patterns of precipitation in GOALSs match better with the observation in comparison with the case of surface temperature. For the imprint of NAO on the ocean, or perhaps a coupling between the two fluids, the associated tripole patterns of the North Atlantic SST anomaly are presented distinctly in GOALS–2, for GOALS-4 however, this is not the case. Spatially, the models’ main deficiencies appear to be that the simulated Icelandic lows shift northward apparently, which in turn result in the blemish of GOALSs in reproducing the accompanied surface wind anomalies. For the interannual and even longer time scale variations of DJF sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Atlantic region, GOALSs reproduce the center with the strongest variability rationally, but the intensities are far weaker than the observation. Key words North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - Model evaluation - GOALS model This study was jointly supported by the National key Project (Grant No. 96-908-02-03), the Excel-lent National Key Laboratory Research Project (Grant NO. 49823002), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) under grant “ Bai Ren Ji Hua” for “ Validation of Coupled Climate Models”, and IAP innova-tion fund (No.8-1204).The authors gratefully acknowledge Dv. Jin Xuingze, Mr. Liu Xiying in IAP /LASG, and Dr. Gong Daoyi in Geophysical Department of Peking University for providing ardent help.展开更多
Urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are important global issues in the current“Anthropocene”.Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated global urban problems and hindered the ability t...Urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are important global issues in the current“Anthropocene”.Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated global urban problems and hindered the ability to meet SDGs on time,while the broad interlinkages between urbanization and the SDGs remain poorly understood.This study shows that among the interlinkages of urbanization with 17 SDGs,synergies are observed with 151 targets(89%),among which 67(40%)have stronger synergies,and trade-offs are observed with 66 targets(39%),among which 31(18%)have stronger trade-offs.Furthermore,the synergies and trade-offs between urbanization and the achievement of SDGs are specifically analyzed based on four fundamental interaction fields:(a)public health and social welfare equality;(b)energy consumption and economic growth;(c)natural resource use and ecological/environmental impacts;and(d)international cooperation for development.Finally,based on these analyses,we propose four recommendations for sustainable urbanization,including(a)shared well-being and spatial justice for urban and rural residents;(b)guiding green and low-carbon urban development;(c)building resilient cities;and(d)promoting multilateral cooperation in cities,which can contribute to the achievement of SDGs by 2030.展开更多
Understanding the underlying goal behind a user＇s Web query has been proved to be helpful to improve the quality of search. This paper focuses on the problem of automatic identification of query types according to th...Understanding the underlying goal behind a user＇s Web query has been proved to be helpful to improve the quality of search. This paper focuses on the problem of automatic identification of query types according to the goals. Four novel entropy-based features extracted from anchor data and click-through data are proposed, and a support vector machines （SVM） classifier is used to identify the user＇s goal based on these features. Experi- mental results show that the proposed entropy-based features are more effective than those reported in previous work. By combin- ing multiple features the goals for more than 97% of the queries studied can be correctly identified. Besides these, this paper reaches the following important conclusions： First, anchor-based features are more effective than click-through-based features; Second, the number of sites is more reliable than the number of links; Third, click-distribution- based features are more effective than session-based ones.展开更多
Urban construction land has relatively high human activity and high carbon emissions.Research on urban construction land prediction under carbon peak and neutrality goals(hereafter“dual carbon”goals)is important for...Urban construction land has relatively high human activity and high carbon emissions.Research on urban construction land prediction under carbon peak and neutrality goals(hereafter“dual carbon”goals)is important for territorial spatial planning.This study analyzed quantitative relationships between carbon emissions and urban construction land,and then modified the construction land demand prediction model.Thereafter,an integrated model for urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals was developed,where urban construction land suitability was modified based on carbon source and sink capacity of different land-use types.Using Guangzhou as a case study,the integrated model was validated and applied to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of its urban construction land during 2030–2060 under baseline development and“dual carbon”goals scenarios.The simulation results showed that Guangzhou’s urban construction land expanded rapidly until 2030,with the spatial pattern not showing an intensive development trend.Guangzhou’s urban construction land expansion slowed during 2030–2060,with an average annual growth rate of 0.2%,and a centralized spatial pattern trend.Under the“dual carbon”goal scenario,Guangzhou’s urban construction land evolved into a polycentric development pattern in 2030.Compared with the baseline development scenario,urban construction land expansion in Guangzhou during 2030–2060 is slower,with an average annual growth rate of only 0.1%,and the polycentric development pattern of urban construction land was more prominent.Furthermore,land maintenance and growth,that is,a carbon sink,is more obvious under the“dual carbon”goals scenario,with the forest land area nearly 10.6%higher than that under the baseline development scenario.The study of urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals provides a scientific decision-making support tool for territorial spatial planning,aiding in quantifying territorial spatial planning.展开更多
文摘The rapid urbanization and increasing challenges are faced by cities globally,including climate change,population growth,and resource constraints.Sustainable smart city(also referred to as“smart sustainable city”)can offer innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies to build smarter,greener,and more livable urban environments with significant benefits.Using the Web of Science(WoS)database,this study examined:(i)the mainstream approaches and current research trends in the literature of sustainable smart city;(ii)the extent to which the research of sustainable smart city aligns with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs);(iii)the current topics and collaboration patterns in sustainable smart city research;and(iv)the potential opportunities for future research on the sustainable smart city field.The findings indicated that research on sustainable smart city began in 2010 and gained significant momentum in 2013,with China leading,followed by Italy and Spain.Moreover,59.00%of the selected publications on the research of sustainable smart city focus on SDG 11(Sustainable Cities and Communities).Bibliometric analysis outcome revealed that artificial intelligence(AI),big data,machine learning,and deep learning are emerging research fields.The terms smart city,smart cities,and sustainability emerged as the top three co-occurring keywords with the highest link strength,followed by frequently co-occurring keywords such as AI,innovation,big data,urban governance,resilience,machine learning,and Internet of Things(IoT).The clustering results indicated that current studies explored the theoretical foundation,challenges,and future prospects of sustainable smart city,with an emphasis on sustainability.To further support urban sustainability and the attainment of SDGs,the future research of sustainable smart city should explore the application and implications of AI and big data on urban development including cybersecurity and governance challenges.
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
文摘This year marks the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Mozambique.To commemorate this milestone,ChinAfrica spoke with Maria Gustava,Mozambique’s ambassador to China,about the state of bilateral relations,China-Africa cooperation,and key developments shaping the global landscape.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3907403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201499)the Open Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(Grant No.CBAS2022ORP03).
文摘Sustainable Development Goal 2(SDG 2,zero hunger)highlights that global hunger and food insecurity have worsened since 2015,driven in part by growing imbalance.Addressing the challenge of achieving SDG 2 in the face of rapid global population growth requires sustained attention to global and national cropland changes.Accurately quantifying the correlation between population and cropland area(i.e.,SDG 2.4.1 per capita cropland)and analyzing the trends of global cropland imbalance are essential for a comprehensive understanding of SDG 2.In this study,we utilized a new global 30 m land-cover dynamic dataset(GLC_FCS30D)to analyze cropland dynamics,quantify per capita cropland and its changes across various countries and levels of development.Our results indicate that the global cropland area expanded by 0.944 million km^(2)from 1985 to 2022,with an average expansion rate of 2.42×10^(4)km^(2)/yr.However,the global per capita cropland area decreased from 0.347 ha in 1985 to 0.217 ha in 2022,mainly due to a higher population increase of nearly 65%in the same period.In the context of globalization,cropland expansion and per capita cropland exhibited spatial imbalances globally,particularly in developing countries.Developing countries saw an increase in total cropland area by 7.09%but a significant decrease in per capita cropland area by 37.38%.From a temporal perspective,the global imbalance has been steadily increasing with the Gini index rising from 0.895 in 1985 to 0.909 in 2022.Consequently,this study reveals an increasing imbalance of global per capita cropland across various countries,which threatens the attainment of the targets of SDG 2.
文摘Blindness affected 45 million people globally in 2021,and moderate to severe vision loss a further 295 million.[1]The most common causes,cataract and uncorrected refractive error,are generally the easiest to treat,and are among the most cost-effective procedures in all of medicine and international development.[1-2]Thus,vision impairment is both extremely common and,in principle,readily manageable.
文摘Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.
基金supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72022004)the National Key Scientific Research Project(No.2021YFC3200200).
文摘Urban areas’performance in water,energy,infrastructure,and socio-economic sectors is intertwined and measurable through Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)6–13.Effective synergy among these is critical for sustainability.This study constructs an indicator framework that reflects progress towards these urban SDGs in China.Findings indicate underperformance in SDGs 8–11,suggesting the need for transformative actions.Through network analysis,the research reveals complementarities among these SDGs.Notably,the SDG space divides into socio-economic and ecological clusters,with SDG 6(Clean Water and Sanitation)central to both.Additionally,SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth)and SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure)act as bridges,while greater synergies exist between SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production)and SDG 13(Climate Action).An in-depth view at the indicator-level shows a core-periphery structure,emphasizing indicators like SDG 6.2(Wastewater Treatment Rate)and SDG 6.6(Recycled Water Production Capacity per capita)as pivotal.This study confirms the urban SDG space’s stability and predictiveness,underscoring its value in steering well-aligned policy decisions for sustainable growth.
文摘This paper reviews the history and lessons of global oil crises while exploring the establishment of a quantitative evaluation model for oil security with Chinese characteristics.Using principal component analysis,it constructs an oil security evaluation indicator system for China with two main-level indicators:foreign oil dependency and its impacts,and market intervention and security assurance.
文摘In the Government Work Report released on March 5,the main goals for China’s economic development in 2025 were clarified.Some may seem consistent with last year,but they still contain profound considerations and trade-offs,while others have changed unexpectedly to better match the reality on the ground.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U21A2022,No.U1901219,No.42071393,No.42101369。
文摘Ecosystem services in urban agglomerations are the environmental conditions under which human survival and development are sustained.Quantitative assessment of ecosystem services and complex interactions can contribute positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for urban agglomerations.However,studies on the future contribution of multi-scenario ecosystem services to the SDGS are lacking.We pronovel integrated modeling framework that integrates the CLUES,InVEST,SOM,and GWR approaches to address the complex relationship between ecosystem services over a long“past-present-future”time series.We construct a novel ecosystem service bundle-based approach for measuring urban agglomerations progress towards achieving ecologically relevant sustainable development goals at multiple scales.In the future scenario,the water yield(WY),habitat quality(HQ),and soil conservation(SC)show similar spatial patterns,with comparable spatial grids,while carbon stock(CS)remains predominantly unchanged and the ecological protection scenario(EPS)improves more significantly.The high-synergy regions are mainly distributed in bundle 4,and most of the trade-off regions appear in bundles 1 and 2.Over the last 30 years,all but the water-related SDGs are declining in bundle 1 of the two urban agglomerations,which are 15%higher in the Guangxi Beibu Gulf(GBG)than in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA).From 2020 to 2035,the three scenarios demonstrate that the optimization of the SDGs progresses most effectively under the future ecological protection scenario(EPS).In particular,bundles 3 and 4 are significantly improved.This critical new knowledge can be used in sustainable ecosystem management and decision-making in urban agglomerations.
文摘Achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)requires place-based solutions that reconcile global aspirations with local realities.Landscapes and regions represent a pivotal scale domain—large enough to capture cross-boundary ecological and socioeconomic processes,yet sufficiently grounded to enable context-sensitive understanding and governance.Landscape sustainability science offers a robust framework for bridging the global-local divide in SDG implementation.Rooted in the long-standing convergence between ecology and geography—tracing back to Humboldt’s unity of nature—landscape sustainability science advances a spatially explicit,systems-oriented approach guided by the principles of strong sustainability.Here we present the landscape sustainability science framework,structured around the core triad of landscape pattern,ecosystem services,and human wellbeing,and operationalized through dual feedback loops and the analysis–adaptation–assessment cycle.Our assessment shows that landscape sustainability science contributes directly to eight SDGs and indirectly to six others,offering actionable strategies for climate resilience,sustainable land management,and inclusive landscape governance.By helping to spatialize,localize,and operationalize global sustainability targets,landscape sustainability science provides a pragmatic pathway to advance the SDGs in diverse socioecological contexts.If global sustainability is to be achieved,we must think and act like a landscape.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scien-tific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)of China(Grant No.2019QZKK0402).
文摘Ecosystems play a pivotal role in advancing Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by providing indispensable and resilient ecosystem services(ESs).However,the limited analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity often re stricts the recognition of ESs’roles in attaining SDGs and landscape planning.We selected 183 counties in the Sichuan Province as the study area and mapped 10 SDGs and 7 ESs from 2000 to 2020.We used correlation analysis,principal component analysis,Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model,and self organizing maps to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the impacts of the bundle of ESs on the SDGs and to develop spatial planning and management strategies.The results showed that(1)SDGs were improved in all counties,with SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 3(Good Health and Well-being)exhibiting poor performance.West ern Sichuan demonstrated stronger performance in environment-related SDGs in the Sichuan Province,while the Sichuan Basin showed better progress in socio-economic-related SDGs;(2)habitat quality,carbon sequestration,air pollution removal,and soil retention significantly influenced the development of 9 SDGs;(3)supporting,regulating,and provisioning service bundles have persistent and stable spatiotemporal heterogeneity effects on SDG1,SDG8,SDG11,SDG13,and SDG15.These findings substantiate the need for integrated management of multiple ESs and facilitate the regional achievement of SDGs in geographically intricate areas.
文摘Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology literature.Methods： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted meta-analytic procedures were used with Hedges g as the effect size metric. From the 17 studies, 73 effect sizes were calculated.Results： Results based on a random effects model indicated that the performance goal contrast had the largest facilitative impact on performance followed by the mastery and performance approach goals. Both of the avoidance goals performance and mastery had small non-significant and detrimental effects on performance. The homogeneity statistics revealed significant heterogeneity for the approach and avoidance performance goals. Categorical moderator variables were examined for study sex composition（male, female, or mixed）, mean age of sample（〈18 years or 18 years）, study setting（lab or naturalistic）, and nature of performance variable（objective or subjective）.Conclusion： The performance goal contrast holds value for sport performance research. Contrary to approach-avoidance predictions, the mastery-approach goal and performance effect size was significant and of equal magnitude as the performance approach goal and performance effect size. Thus, future research should closely test the efficacy of both the mastery- and performance contrasts in impacting performance of sport tasks. Last, the significant effect sizes reported in this review are in stark contrast to contemporary meta-analytic findings in education.Differences in the approach-avoidance goals in sport and education relative to performance should be researched further.
文摘This paper examines the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP). It is a spectral model truncated at R42(2.8125°long×1.66°lat) resolution and with nine vertical levels, and referred to as R42L9/LASG hereafter. It is also the new version of atmospheric component model R15L9 of the global ocean-atmosphere-land system (GOALS/LASG). A 40-year simulation in which the model is forced with the climatological monthly mean sea surface temperature is compared with the 40-year (1958-97) U.S. National Center for Environmental Prediction (NGEP) global reanalysis and the 22-year (1979-2000) Xie-Arkin monthly precipitation climatology. The mean DJF and JJA geographical distributions of precipitation, sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa and 200-hPa zonal wind, and other fields averaged for the last 30-year integration of the R42L9 model are analyzed. Results show that the model reproduces well the observed basic patterns, particularly precipitation over the East Asian region. Comparing the new model with R15L9/LASG, the old version with coarse resolution (nearly 7.5°long×4.5°lat), shows an obvious improvement in the simulation of regional climate, especially precipitation. The weaknesses in simulation and future improvements of the model are also discussed.
基金This study was jointly supported by the National key Project !(Grant No. 96-908-02-03) the Excellent National Key Laboratory
文摘The capabilities of two versions of the Global–Ocean–Atmosphere–Land–System model (i.e. GOALS–2 and GOALS–4) developed at State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), are validated in terms of the simulations of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is currently the subject of considerable scientific interest. The results show that both GOALS–2 and GOALS–4 exhibit a realistic NAO signal associated with relatively reasonable spatial patterns of sea level pressure, surface air temperature, and precipitation. Generally speaking, the associated patterns of precipitation in GOALSs match better with the observation in comparison with the case of surface temperature. For the imprint of NAO on the ocean, or perhaps a coupling between the two fluids, the associated tripole patterns of the North Atlantic SST anomaly are presented distinctly in GOALS–2, for GOALS-4 however, this is not the case. Spatially, the models’ main deficiencies appear to be that the simulated Icelandic lows shift northward apparently, which in turn result in the blemish of GOALSs in reproducing the accompanied surface wind anomalies. For the interannual and even longer time scale variations of DJF sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Atlantic region, GOALSs reproduce the center with the strongest variability rationally, but the intensities are far weaker than the observation. Key words North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - Model evaluation - GOALS model This study was jointly supported by the National key Project (Grant No. 96-908-02-03), the Excel-lent National Key Laboratory Research Project (Grant NO. 49823002), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) under grant “ Bai Ren Ji Hua” for “ Validation of Coupled Climate Models”, and IAP innova-tion fund (No.8-1204).The authors gratefully acknowledge Dv. Jin Xuingze, Mr. Liu Xiying in IAP /LASG, and Dr. Gong Daoyi in Geophysical Department of Peking University for providing ardent help.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42171204,42121001 and 41822104)Chinese Academy of Sciences Basic Frontier Science Research Program from 0 to 1 Original Innovation Project(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-DQC005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Project(Class A)(Grant No.XDA23100301).
文摘Urbanization and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are important global issues in the current“Anthropocene”.Climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated global urban problems and hindered the ability to meet SDGs on time,while the broad interlinkages between urbanization and the SDGs remain poorly understood.This study shows that among the interlinkages of urbanization with 17 SDGs,synergies are observed with 151 targets(89%),among which 67(40%)have stronger synergies,and trade-offs are observed with 66 targets(39%),among which 31(18%)have stronger trade-offs.Furthermore,the synergies and trade-offs between urbanization and the achievement of SDGs are specifically analyzed based on four fundamental interaction fields:(a)public health and social welfare equality;(b)energy consumption and economic growth;(c)natural resource use and ecological/environmental impacts;and(d)international cooperation for development.Finally,based on these analyses,we propose four recommendations for sustainable urbanization,including(a)shared well-being and spatial justice for urban and rural residents;(b)guiding green and low-carbon urban development;(c)building resilient cities;and(d)promoting multilateral cooperation in cities,which can contribute to the achievement of SDGs by 2030.
基金the Tianjin Applied Fundamental Research Plan (07JCYBJC14500)
文摘Understanding the underlying goal behind a user＇s Web query has been proved to be helpful to improve the quality of search. This paper focuses on the problem of automatic identification of query types according to the goals. Four novel entropy-based features extracted from anchor data and click-through data are proposed, and a support vector machines （SVM） classifier is used to identify the user＇s goal based on these features. Experi- mental results show that the proposed entropy-based features are more effective than those reported in previous work. By combin- ing multiple features the goals for more than 97% of the queries studied can be correctly identified. Besides these, this paper reaches the following important conclusions： First, anchor-based features are more effective than click-through-based features; Second, the number of sites is more reliable than the number of links; Third, click-distribution- based features are more effective than session-based ones.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971233。
文摘Urban construction land has relatively high human activity and high carbon emissions.Research on urban construction land prediction under carbon peak and neutrality goals(hereafter“dual carbon”goals)is important for territorial spatial planning.This study analyzed quantitative relationships between carbon emissions and urban construction land,and then modified the construction land demand prediction model.Thereafter,an integrated model for urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals was developed,where urban construction land suitability was modified based on carbon source and sink capacity of different land-use types.Using Guangzhou as a case study,the integrated model was validated and applied to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of its urban construction land during 2030–2060 under baseline development and“dual carbon”goals scenarios.The simulation results showed that Guangzhou’s urban construction land expanded rapidly until 2030,with the spatial pattern not showing an intensive development trend.Guangzhou’s urban construction land expansion slowed during 2030–2060,with an average annual growth rate of 0.2%,and a centralized spatial pattern trend.Under the“dual carbon”goal scenario,Guangzhou’s urban construction land evolved into a polycentric development pattern in 2030.Compared with the baseline development scenario,urban construction land expansion in Guangzhou during 2030–2060 is slower,with an average annual growth rate of only 0.1%,and the polycentric development pattern of urban construction land was more prominent.Furthermore,land maintenance and growth,that is,a carbon sink,is more obvious under the“dual carbon”goals scenario,with the forest land area nearly 10.6%higher than that under the baseline development scenario.The study of urban construction land demand prediction and spatial pattern simulation under“dual carbon”goals provides a scientific decision-making support tool for territorial spatial planning,aiding in quantifying territorial spatial planning.
