Hydroformylation of formaldehyde to glycolaldehyde(GA),as a vital reaction in both direct and indirect process of syngas to ethylene glycol(EG),shows great advantages in the aspects of the process complexity and clean...Hydroformylation of formaldehyde to glycolaldehyde(GA),as a vital reaction in both direct and indirect process of syngas to ethylene glycol(EG),shows great advantages in the aspects of the process complexity and clean production.The hydroformylation of formaldehyde to GA is thermodynamically unfavourable,requiring the development of highly efficient hydroformylation catalytic systems,appropriate reaction conditions and in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms.In this review,we have made a detailed summary on the reaction in terms of the reaction network,thermodynamics,metal complex catalysts(including central metals and ligands),reaction conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure,formaldehyde source and solvent)and promoters.Furthermore,the reaction mechanisms,involving neutral and anionic complex in the catalytic cycle,have been summarized and followed by a discussion on the impact of the crucial intermediates on the reaction pathways and product distribution.A brief overview of product separation and catalyst recovery has been presented in the final part.This review gives new insights into the factors that impact on the formaldehyde hydroformylation and reaction mechanisms,which helps to design more efficient catalytic systems and reaction processes for EG production via the hydroformylation route.展开更多
The interaction between advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)triggers oxidative stress and inflammation,both of which are closely associated with impaired inte...The interaction between advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)triggers oxidative stress and inflammation,both of which are closely associated with impaired intestinal health.Spinosin(SPI),a major flavonoid-C-glycoside present in Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa,ex-hibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help preserve intestinal integrity by inhibiting the AGEs-RAGE interaction.This study investigates the protective effects of SPI against AGEs-induced damage in Caco-2 cells.A cellular damage model was established using glycolaldehyde and bovine serum albumin-derived AGEs.Cell viability,assessed via the CCK-8 assay,identified 300μg/mL AGEs with 24 h induction as the optimal condition for damage induction.SPI treatment significantly improved cell viability,reduced reactive oxygen species production,and alleviated oxidative stress.Moreover,SPI mitigated AGEs-induced inflammation and apoptosis while promoting the expression of tight junction proteins.qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SPI downregulated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β)and pro-apoptotic factors(Bax,Caspase-9)while upregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic factor(Bcl-2)and tight junction proteins(ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-1).Additionally,SPI suppressed RAGE mRNA levels by directly binding to RAGE,thereby inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway,resulting in decreased inflammation and apoptosis.Molecular docking analysis confirmed the strong binding affinity of SPI to RAGE.These findings suggest that SPI confers protective effects on intestinal cells against AGEs-induced damage by modulating the RAGE/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.This study underscores SPI’s potential for medicinal and dietary ap-plications aimed at promoting intestinal health.展开更多
Fibrinogen is a key protein involved in coagulation and its deposition on blood vessel walls plays an important role in the pathology of atherosclerosis.Although the causes of fibrinogen(fibrin)deposition have been st...Fibrinogen is a key protein involved in coagulation and its deposition on blood vessel walls plays an important role in the pathology of atherosclerosis.Although the causes of fibrinogen(fibrin)deposition have been studied in depth,little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen deposition and reactive carbonyl compounds(RCCs),compounds which are produced and released into the blood and react with plasma protein especially under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation.Here,we investigated the effect of glycolaldehyde on the activity and deposition of fibrinogen compared with the common RCCs acrolein,methylglyoxal,glyoxal and malondialdehyde.At the same concentration(1 mmol/L),glycolaldehyde and acrolein had a stronger suppressive effect on fibrinogen activation than the other three RCCs.Fibrinogen aggregated when it was respectively incubated with glycolaldehyde and the other RCCs,as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE,electron microscopy and intrinsic fluorescence intensity measurements.Staining with Congo Red showed that glycolaldehyde-and acrolein-fibrinogen distinctly formed amyloid-like aggregations.Furthermore,the five RCCs,particularly glycolaldehyde and acrolein,delayed human plasma coagulation.Only glycolaldehyde showed a markedly suppressive effect on fibrinogenesis,none did the other four RCCs when their physiological blood concentrations were employyed,respectively.Taken together,it is glycolaldehyde that suppresses fibrinogenesis and induces protein aggregation most effectively,suggesting a putative pathological process for fibrinogen(fibrin)deposition in the blood.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0704501).
文摘Hydroformylation of formaldehyde to glycolaldehyde(GA),as a vital reaction in both direct and indirect process of syngas to ethylene glycol(EG),shows great advantages in the aspects of the process complexity and clean production.The hydroformylation of formaldehyde to GA is thermodynamically unfavourable,requiring the development of highly efficient hydroformylation catalytic systems,appropriate reaction conditions and in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms.In this review,we have made a detailed summary on the reaction in terms of the reaction network,thermodynamics,metal complex catalysts(including central metals and ligands),reaction conditions(e.g.,temperature,pressure,formaldehyde source and solvent)and promoters.Furthermore,the reaction mechanisms,involving neutral and anionic complex in the catalytic cycle,have been summarized and followed by a discussion on the impact of the crucial intermediates on the reaction pathways and product distribution.A brief overview of product separation and catalyst recovery has been presented in the final part.This review gives new insights into the factors that impact on the formaldehyde hydroformylation and reaction mechanisms,which helps to design more efficient catalytic systems and reaction processes for EG production via the hydroformylation route.
基金supported by the“131”innovative talents training project in Tianjin(Grant No.201927).
文摘The interaction between advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)triggers oxidative stress and inflammation,both of which are closely associated with impaired intestinal health.Spinosin(SPI),a major flavonoid-C-glycoside present in Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa,ex-hibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help preserve intestinal integrity by inhibiting the AGEs-RAGE interaction.This study investigates the protective effects of SPI against AGEs-induced damage in Caco-2 cells.A cellular damage model was established using glycolaldehyde and bovine serum albumin-derived AGEs.Cell viability,assessed via the CCK-8 assay,identified 300μg/mL AGEs with 24 h induction as the optimal condition for damage induction.SPI treatment significantly improved cell viability,reduced reactive oxygen species production,and alleviated oxidative stress.Moreover,SPI mitigated AGEs-induced inflammation and apoptosis while promoting the expression of tight junction proteins.qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SPI downregulated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β)and pro-apoptotic factors(Bax,Caspase-9)while upregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic factor(Bcl-2)and tight junction proteins(ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-1).Additionally,SPI suppressed RAGE mRNA levels by directly binding to RAGE,thereby inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway,resulting in decreased inflammation and apoptosis.Molecular docking analysis confirmed the strong binding affinity of SPI to RAGE.These findings suggest that SPI confers protective effects on intestinal cells against AGEs-induced damage by modulating the RAGE/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.This study underscores SPI’s potential for medicinal and dietary ap-plications aimed at promoting intestinal health.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(Grant Nos.2010CB912303 and 2012CB911004)the Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant Nos.NSFC 30970695 and QBI-IBP GJHZ1131).
文摘Fibrinogen is a key protein involved in coagulation and its deposition on blood vessel walls plays an important role in the pathology of atherosclerosis.Although the causes of fibrinogen(fibrin)deposition have been studied in depth,little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen deposition and reactive carbonyl compounds(RCCs),compounds which are produced and released into the blood and react with plasma protein especially under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation.Here,we investigated the effect of glycolaldehyde on the activity and deposition of fibrinogen compared with the common RCCs acrolein,methylglyoxal,glyoxal and malondialdehyde.At the same concentration(1 mmol/L),glycolaldehyde and acrolein had a stronger suppressive effect on fibrinogen activation than the other three RCCs.Fibrinogen aggregated when it was respectively incubated with glycolaldehyde and the other RCCs,as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE,electron microscopy and intrinsic fluorescence intensity measurements.Staining with Congo Red showed that glycolaldehyde-and acrolein-fibrinogen distinctly formed amyloid-like aggregations.Furthermore,the five RCCs,particularly glycolaldehyde and acrolein,delayed human plasma coagulation.Only glycolaldehyde showed a markedly suppressive effect on fibrinogenesis,none did the other four RCCs when their physiological blood concentrations were employyed,respectively.Taken together,it is glycolaldehyde that suppresses fibrinogenesis and induces protein aggregation most effectively,suggesting a putative pathological process for fibrinogen(fibrin)deposition in the blood.
