High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding d...High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass...This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass(HE-MG).Subjected to various annealing temperatures,the samples were analyzed in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution to evaluate changes in their microstructure and assess their corrosion resistance.Findings reveal that the HE-MG undergoes multistage crystallization,displaying an amorphous matrix integrated with face centered cubic(FCC)and Ni_(7)Zr_(2)phases between 420 and 500℃,indicating robust thermal stability.Electrochemical assessments identify a critical temperature threshold:Below the glass transition temperature(Tg),the HE-MG maintains excellent corrosion resistance,promoting stable passivation layers.Above Tg,enhanced long-range atomic rearrangement during relaxation increases passivation layer defects and significantly diminishes corrosion resistance.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses show that the primary components of the passivation layer are TiO_(2),ZrO_(2),HfO_(2)and BeO.Increased annealing temperatures lead to enhanced Be and Ni content and decreased Ti,Zr and Hf.Additionally,high mixing entropy and significant atomic size mismatch suppress long-range atomic rearrangement and crystallization.The crystallization begins above Tg by_(20)℃,with crystalline phases evenly distributed within the matrix without drastically affecting corrosion resistance.This investigation highlights the impact of thermal treatment on the properties of HE-MG,contributing valuable insights into optimizing their performance and applications.展开更多
Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entr...Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.展开更多
Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and compos...Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and composition of the mulite and glass phases,which are related to the chemical composition of the MSRG composites based on clay.In the present work,the relationship between the phase and the chemical composition of the MSRG composites,and the effects of the chemical composition of the glass phase on the viscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the glass phase were discussed on the basis of the measurements on 17 MSRG composite samples produced from clay.It is found that the Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio(AS ratio)in clay strongly affects the amount of the mullite and glass phases in the MSRG composites,and the distributions of SiO_(2),TiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the mullite and glass phases.With the increase of the A/S ratio of clay,the mullite content increases but the the glass phase content decreases in the MSRG composites.The viscosity and CTE of the glass phase depend on its A/S ratio and the amount of impurity oxides.When the A/S ratio in the glass phase is less than 0.15,the viscosity of the liquid formed by the melting of the glass phase at elevated temperatures rapidly increases with the decrease in the A/S ratio.The CTE of the glass phase depends on the contents of Si0_(2)and(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O).展开更多
The glass-forming ability(GFA)of metallic glasses is a key scientific challenge in their development and application,with compositional dependence playing a crucial role.Experimental studies have demonstrated that the...The glass-forming ability(GFA)of metallic glasses is a key scientific challenge in their development and application,with compositional dependence playing a crucial role.Experimental studies have demonstrated that the addition of specific minor elements can greatly enhance the GFA of parent alloys,yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we use the ZrCuAl system as a model to explore how the addition of minor Al influences the crystallization rate by modulating the properties of the crystal-liquid interface,thereby affecting the GFA.The results reveal that the minor addition of Al significantly reduces the crystal growth rate,a phenomenon not governed by particle density fluctuations at the interface.The impact of minor element additions extends beyond a modest increase in crystal-unfavorable motifs in the bulk supercooled liquid.More importantly,it leads to a significant enrichment of these motifs at the crystal-supercooled liquid interface,forming a dense topological network of crystal-unfavorable structures that effectively prevent the growth of the crystalline interface and enhance GFA.Our results provide valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance metallic glasses.展开更多
Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)are typically characterized by high strength and elasticity.However,they generally demonstrate a deficiency in plastic deformation capability at room temperatures.In this work,Cu_(50-x)Zr_(4...Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)are typically characterized by high strength and elasticity.However,they generally demonstrate a deficiency in plastic deformation capability at room temperatures.In this work,Cu_(50-x)Zr_(46)Al4Agx(x=0,1,2,3,4)alloys were prepared by arc melting and copper mold casting to investigate their structure,glass-forming ability,and mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ag can increase the parameter of DTx and g in Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy by 116%and 1.5%respectively,effectively enhancing its thermal stability and glass-forming ability.Compressive fracture tests reveal that the addition of Ag can significantly improve the yield strength,ultimate strength,and plasticity of the Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy.Specifically,with the Ag addition of 1 at.%,the alloy’s ultimate strength and plasticity increased by 71.8%and 21 times,respectively.Furthermore,the introduction of Ag can effectively control the free volume content in the Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy,thereby tuning the hardness of the material.This work provides valuable insights into improving the mechanical performance of BMGs through micro-alloying approaches.展开更多
Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based...Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based BMGs,restricting their commercial applications significantly.In this study,this challenge was addressed by introducing a two-step alloying strategy to mitigate the remarkable density increment effect associated with heavy alloying elements required for enhancing the GFA.Consequently,through two-step alloying with Al and Fe in sequence,simultaneous enhancements in specific strength and GFA were achieved based on a Ti-Zr-Be ternary metallic glass,resulting in the development of a series of centimeter-sized metallic glasses exhibiting ultrahigh-specific strength.Notably,the newly developed(Ti_(45)Zr_(20)Be_(31)A_(l4))_(94)Fe_(6)alloy established a new record for the specific strength of Ti-based BMGs.Along with a critical diameter(D_(c))of 10 mm,it offers the optimal scheme for balancing the specific strength and GFA of Ti-based BMGs.The present results further brighten the application prospects of Ti-based BMGs as lightweight materials.展开更多
Transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO_(3)and/or Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were prepared.Effects of MgO/SiO_(2)ratio on crystallization properties of MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were investigated.When ...Transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO_(3)and/or Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were prepared.Effects of MgO/SiO_(2)ratio on crystallization properties of MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were investigated.When the MgO/SiO_(2)ratio is relatively low,crystallization of MgSiO_(3)is favored,whereas a higher MgO/SiO_(2)ratio tends to promote the crystallization of Mg_(2)SiO_(4).Glass-ceramics are transparent in the visible range due to the small size of the precipitated nanocrystals.Replacing SiO_(2)with MgO results in an increase in Vickers hardness,and the Vickers hardness can be further enhanced through the precipitation of MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals.The findings presented herein are meaningful for the preparation of highly transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals.展开更多
For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to impr...For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to improve glass stability,shown by increased glass transition temperature(Tg)and crystallization temperature(Tx).This contributes to the development of ultra-stable metallic glasses.Herein,we demonstrate that modulating the quenching temperature can also produce ultra-stable metallic glasses,as evidenced by an increase in Tx of 17-30 K in Cu-based metallic glasses.By modulating the quenching temperature,separated primary phases,secondary phases,and even nano-oxides can be obtained in the metallic glasses.Notably,metastable phases such as Cu-rich precipitates arising from secondary phase separation play a crucial role in enhancing glass stability.However,the enhancement of the stability of the glass has only a negligible effect on its mechanical properties.This study implies that different melt thermodynamic states generated by liquid-liquid separation and transition collectively determine the frozen-in glass structure.The results of this study will be helpful for the development of ultra-stable bulk glasses.展开更多
To analyze the impact of bubbles on the mechanical behavior of glasses,by controlling the refining time,we prepared three borosilicate glasses with the same composition and different porosity.By the analysis software ...To analyze the impact of bubbles on the mechanical behavior of glasses,by controlling the refining time,we prepared three borosilicate glasses with the same composition and different porosity.By the analysis software integrated within the optical microscope,the diameter and number of the bubbles on the surface of three borosilicate glasses were quantified.From the hardness and crack initiation resistance(CR),we built the relationship between the porosity and the mechanical performance of these borosilicate glasses.展开更多
The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with B...The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was investigated.In addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were revealed.The results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal expansion.During laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting glass.The absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper ions.The greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser sealing.The shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.展开更多
Sm^(3+)-doped materials exhibit red and orange emissions in the visible light region,showing broad applica⁃tion prospects in both laser and display material fields.However,the inherent small emission and absorption cr...Sm^(3+)-doped materials exhibit red and orange emissions in the visible light region,showing broad applica⁃tion prospects in both laser and display material fields.However,the inherent small emission and absorption cross-sections of Sm^(3+)result in low luminous efficiency,posing challenges for achieving high-quality solid-state lighting.Here,the excellent white emission of Sm^(3+)doped lithium aluminum silicate(LAS)glass was realized by introducing the Ag aggregates through Ag ion exchange.Under 395 nm excitation,the Ag-doped samples exhibit significant fluo⁃rescence enhancement with color coordinates close to the equal energy white point E(0.33,0.33)and a color ren⁃dering index(CRI)of 81.8.The study reveals that the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect of Ag nanoparticles enhances the luminescence of Sm^(3+),while the energy transfer mechanism between Ag^(+)and Sm^(3+)also promotes fluores⁃cence enhancement.By adjusting the concentration of AgNO_(3) and the exchange time,a series of high-quality full-spectrum white light emissions were obtained,indicating that the Ag ion-exchanged Sm^(3+)-doped LAS glass has good application potential in the development of solid-state lighting devices.Moreover,variations in the excitation wave⁃length can effectively tune the emission color,further demonstrating the tunability and practicality of this material in optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Inspired by brick-and-mortar architectures and suture interfaces,we propose a design of bioinspired nacre-like materials with interlocking sutures to improve the toughness of brittle materials.Laser-engraved glass int...Inspired by brick-and-mortar architectures and suture interfaces,we propose a design of bioinspired nacre-like materials with interlocking sutures to improve the toughness of brittle materials.Laser-engraved glass interlockers are laminated with soft interlayers in a staggered arrangement,and the fundamental mechanical properties of the structure are investigated through experiments and numerical modeling.It is found that the tensile performance,such as the strength and toughness,is strongly affected by the interlocking angle and suture line spacing.The geometric interlocking originated from suture interfaces as well as tablet sliding arising from the staggered arrangement of interlockers cooperatively contribute to enhancing the strength and toughness of this bioinspired design.Additionally,the finite element modeling shows the interfacial failure and plastic deformation,revealing the interplay of the geometric interlocking mechanism and the sliding mechanism.This novel bioinspired design paves a new path for fabrication of structural materials combining high stiffness,high strength,and enhanced toughness.展开更多
Hazardous wastes from the production of cleaner fuels,spent hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalysts,pose a threat to the environment and the sustainability of rare metal resources.However,conventional recovery approaches a...Hazardous wastes from the production of cleaner fuels,spent hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalysts,pose a threat to the environment and the sustainability of rare metal resources.However,conventional recovery approaches are limited by long processes,easy generation of waste liquids,and difficult reuse of recovery products.Herein,a SiO_(2)-Na_(2)O-B_(2)O_(3)-MgO-TiO_(2)glass phase extraction system was proposed for the full-component recycle from spent MoNi/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts to the materials,including the individual recovery of Mo and the synthesis of Ni^(2+)-doped glass–ceramics.96.7%of Ni and 99.8%of Al were extracted into the loaded glass in one step,while 95.3%of Mo was precipitated as molybdate and directly recovered with high separation factors(SF_(Mo/Ni)594.8,SF_(Mo/Al)8718.2)in one step.Moreover,the broadband near-infrared luminescence(1150-1700 nm)of glass–ceramics was triggered by Ni^(2+)in the octahedral crystal structure of Me_(3)O_(5)(Me=Mg,Al,Ti)by meltingannealing-crystallization processes,which provided it the potential to be applied in tunable lasers and broadband optical amplifiers for the wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission systems.The Ni^(2+)-doping mechanism was calculated using molecular dynamics simulations.This work emphasized the maximization of the reuse value for each metal resource from hazardous wastes while reducing the burden on the environment and achieving the recycling of rare metal resources with re-valorization.展开更多
Superhydrophobic glass has inspiring development prospects in endoscopes,solar panels and other engineering and medical fields.However,the surface topography required to achieve superhydrophobicity will inevitably aff...Superhydrophobic glass has inspiring development prospects in endoscopes,solar panels and other engineering and medical fields.However,the surface topography required to achieve superhydrophobicity will inevitably affect the surface transparency and limit the application of glass materials.To resolve the contradiction between the surface transparency and the robust superhydrophobicity,an efficient and low-cost laser-chemical surface functionalization process was utilized to fabricate superhydrophobic glass surface.The results show that the air can be effectively trapped in surface micro/nanostructure induced by laser texturing,thus reducing the solid-liquid contact area and interfacial tension.The deposition of hydrophobic carbon-containing groups on the surface can be accelerated by chemical treatment,and the surface energy is significantly reduced.The glass surface exhibits marvelous robust superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 155.8°and a roll-off angle of 7.2°under the combination of hierarchical micro/nanostructure and low surface energy.Moreover,the surface transparency of the prepared superhydrophobic glass was only 5.42%lower than that of the untreated surface.This superhydrophobic glass with high transparency still maintains excellent superhydrophobicity after durability and stability tests.The facile fabrication of superhydrophobic glass with high transparency and robustness provides a strong reference for further expanding the application value of glass materials.展开更多
This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated gla...This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated glass composition follows the formula[(TeO_(2))_(75)(B_(2)O_(3))_(25)]_(98-x)(Bi_(2)O_(3))_x[Tm_(2)O_(3)]_(2),where x=0 mol%,5 mol%,10 mol%,15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,and 30 mol%.All glass samples remain transparent,with an optical bandgap(E_(opt))exceeding 3.1 e V,ensuring visible light transmission.Radiation shielding data from Phy-X and XCom reveal interactions of the photoelectric effect,Compton scattering,and pair production,with minimal relative difference in mass attenuation coefficient(MAC)which is between0.05 and 0.56.At 0.662 Me V photon energy,the 20 mol%and 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glasses exhibit significantly higher Phy-X MAC values than other samples,except RS 520 glass,which contains 71%Pb O.Despite incorporating only up to 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3),these glasses outperform others in density,half-value layer(HVL),and mean free path(MFP).Correlating E_(opt)and MAC,the 20 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glass is the best candidate for transparent radiation shielding glass due to its wide optical bandgap which prevents ionization of trapped holes.Significantly,the linkage between MFP and molar refraction was also discovered based on the particle size influence on both parameters.展开更多
Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG c...Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG can be reductilized and the coercivity can be further lowered through the rejuvenation of memory effect. The synchronous improvement in the plasticity and soft magnetic properties is attributed to the combination effects of releasing much residual stress, decreasing the magnetic anisotropy, and homogenizing the glasses during the rejuvenation process. The current work opens a new perspective to improve the properties of MGs by utilizing the memory effect and holds promising commercial application potential.展开更多
Ag-doped alkali borosilicate glasses with different TiO_(2) contents were prepared by the melting method.The viscosity-temperature curves of the glass samples were fitted using the MYEGA equation,and it was found that...Ag-doped alkali borosilicate glasses with different TiO_(2) contents were prepared by the melting method.The viscosity-temperature curves of the glass samples were fitted using the MYEGA equation,and it was found that the viscosity of the glass showed a gradual decrease with the increase of TiO_(2) content in the interval of the crystallization temperature of the glass.The results of XPS analysis show that TiO_(2) mainly enters the glass network in the form of[TiO_(4)]before the heat treatment of the glass samples.In contrast,after the heat treatment,the contents of[TiO_(4)]and[TiO_(5)]in the glass decreased significantly,and the content of[TiO_(6)]increased,which led to the separation of TiO_(2) from the glass network.The microhardness of glass shows the same pattern.Raman spectral analysis shows that the introduction of TiO_(2) promotes phase separation in glass.The reduction of glass viscosity facilitates the movement of particles within the glass,while the creation of phase separation promotes heterogeneous nucleation of grains.FE-SEM analysis reveals that the silver halide grains in the heat-treated glass are dispersed in the matrix in a spherical shape,and the average size of the silver halide grains tends to increase with the increase of TiO_(2) content.展开更多
Mechanically robust transparent materials that can be repaired have many advantages for practical applications.In this study,a supramolecular strategy is used to introduce healing capacity and mechanical toughness int...Mechanically robust transparent materials that can be repaired have many advantages for practical applications.In this study,a supramolecular strategy is used to introduce healing capacity and mechanical toughness into artificial glass.Non-covalent/dynamic covalent polymerization of thioctic acid(TA)and(±)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane(DC)generates supramolecular glass with versatile attractive properties,including high optical transmittance(>90%),strong impact resistance(2.47 k J/m^(2)),good mechanical strength(21.6 MPa),and high rigidity(65 HD on Shore hardness).The adhesive bonding of poly[TA],along with its photopolymerization behavior,enables damaged areas in poly[DC/TA]to be rebuilt in-situ.Subsequent solidification and hardening of the repaired areas are notably accelerated by hydrogen bonding between poly[TA]and DC.The newly healed poly[DC/TA]exhibits considerable optical and mechanical properties compared to those of untreated poly[DC/TA].This study presents a new design concept for constructing the high-performance glass from low-molecular-weight organic compounds.展开更多
文摘High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371154)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515012158)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability,Ministry of Education,Jilin University(No.JLU-cncr-202307)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(No.2022010801010087).
文摘This study comprehensively investigates the effects of annealing on the structural,electrochemical properties and passivation film characteristics of Ti_(20)Zr_(20)Hf_(20)Be_(20)Ni_(20)(at%)high-entropy metallic glass(HE-MG).Subjected to various annealing temperatures,the samples were analyzed in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution to evaluate changes in their microstructure and assess their corrosion resistance.Findings reveal that the HE-MG undergoes multistage crystallization,displaying an amorphous matrix integrated with face centered cubic(FCC)and Ni_(7)Zr_(2)phases between 420 and 500℃,indicating robust thermal stability.Electrochemical assessments identify a critical temperature threshold:Below the glass transition temperature(Tg),the HE-MG maintains excellent corrosion resistance,promoting stable passivation layers.Above Tg,enhanced long-range atomic rearrangement during relaxation increases passivation layer defects and significantly diminishes corrosion resistance.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyses show that the primary components of the passivation layer are TiO_(2),ZrO_(2),HfO_(2)and BeO.Increased annealing temperatures lead to enhanced Be and Ni content and decreased Ti,Zr and Hf.Additionally,high mixing entropy and significant atomic size mismatch suppress long-range atomic rearrangement and crystallization.The crystallization begins above Tg by_(20)℃,with crystalline phases evenly distributed within the matrix without drastically affecting corrosion resistance.This investigation highlights the impact of thermal treatment on the properties of HE-MG,contributing valuable insights into optimizing their performance and applications.
基金This work has been endorsed by the Chengdu Guangming Paite Precious Metal Co.,Ltd.,the CDGM Glass Co.,Ltd.,China,and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.15233823).
文摘Although the existence of glass–glass interfaces(GGIs)enables improved ductility of metallic nanoglasses(NGs),the excess free volumes at GGIs would cause the NGs to have a much-reduced mechanical strength.Herein,entropy-stabilized GGIs have been in-vestigated in Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs,which have a large entropy of mixing(1.32R,where R is the gas constant)and could be in a new glass phase,different from that of glassy grain interiors.Through quantitatively determining the activation energy of glass transition sep-arately for the GGIs and glassy grain interiors,the excess free volumes at GGIs are found to be reduced in comparison with those in the glassy grain interiors.The thermodynamically stable GGIs could be associated with increasing entropy of mixing in the GGI regions,which stabilizes the atomic structures of GGIs and enhances the glass forming ability of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.The influences of entropy-stabilized GGIs on the mechanical properties of Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs are further investigated by nanoindentation and creep tests under tensile deformation,demonstrating that there are notable enhancements in the ductility and mechanical strength for Co–Fe–Ni–Zn–P NGs.This work contributes to an in-depth understanding on the GGI phase in NGs and offers an alternative method for strengthening NGs through GGI engineering.
基金Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant no.2024CSA075)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2058)for fnancially supporting this work.
文摘Mullite-silica rich glass(MSRG)composites are a more efficient material than chamotte for industrial utilization of clay in refractory applications.The properties of the MSRG composites depend on the amount and composition of the mulite and glass phases,which are related to the chemical composition of the MSRG composites based on clay.In the present work,the relationship between the phase and the chemical composition of the MSRG composites,and the effects of the chemical composition of the glass phase on the viscosity and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)of the glass phase were discussed on the basis of the measurements on 17 MSRG composite samples produced from clay.It is found that the Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio(AS ratio)in clay strongly affects the amount of the mullite and glass phases in the MSRG composites,and the distributions of SiO_(2),TiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the mullite and glass phases.With the increase of the A/S ratio of clay,the mullite content increases but the the glass phase content decreases in the MSRG composites.The viscosity and CTE of the glass phase depend on its A/S ratio and the amount of impurity oxides.When the A/S ratio in the glass phase is less than 0.15,the viscosity of the liquid formed by the melting of the glass phase at elevated temperatures rapidly increases with the decrease in the A/S ratio.The CTE of the glass phase depends on the contents of Si0_(2)and(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325004 and 52161160330)the support from the Hong Kong Institute of Advanced Studies through the materials cluster project。
文摘The glass-forming ability(GFA)of metallic glasses is a key scientific challenge in their development and application,with compositional dependence playing a crucial role.Experimental studies have demonstrated that the addition of specific minor elements can greatly enhance the GFA of parent alloys,yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we use the ZrCuAl system as a model to explore how the addition of minor Al influences the crystallization rate by modulating the properties of the crystal-liquid interface,thereby affecting the GFA.The results reveal that the minor addition of Al significantly reduces the crystal growth rate,a phenomenon not governed by particle density fluctuations at the interface.The impact of minor element additions extends beyond a modest increase in crystal-unfavorable motifs in the bulk supercooled liquid.More importantly,it leads to a significant enrichment of these motifs at the crystal-supercooled liquid interface,forming a dense topological network of crystal-unfavorable structures that effectively prevent the growth of the crystalline interface and enhance GFA.Our results provide valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance metallic glasses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12404228 and 52371148)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Ed-ucation Commission of China(Grant No.KJQN202200510).
文摘Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)are typically characterized by high strength and elasticity.However,they generally demonstrate a deficiency in plastic deformation capability at room temperatures.In this work,Cu_(50-x)Zr_(46)Al4Agx(x=0,1,2,3,4)alloys were prepared by arc melting and copper mold casting to investigate their structure,glass-forming ability,and mechanical properties.The results show that the addition of Ag can increase the parameter of DTx and g in Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy by 116%and 1.5%respectively,effectively enhancing its thermal stability and glass-forming ability.Compressive fracture tests reveal that the addition of Ag can significantly improve the yield strength,ultimate strength,and plasticity of the Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy.Specifically,with the Ag addition of 1 at.%,the alloy’s ultimate strength and plasticity increased by 71.8%and 21 times,respectively.Furthermore,the introduction of Ag can effectively control the free volume content in the Cu_(50)Zr_(46)Al_(4)alloy,thereby tuning the hardness of the material.This work provides valuable insights into improving the mechanical performance of BMGs through micro-alloying approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271148 and 51871129).
文摘Ti-based bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have attracted increasing attention due to their high specific strength.However,a fundamental conflict exists between the specific strength and glass-forming ability(GFA)of Ti-based BMGs,restricting their commercial applications significantly.In this study,this challenge was addressed by introducing a two-step alloying strategy to mitigate the remarkable density increment effect associated with heavy alloying elements required for enhancing the GFA.Consequently,through two-step alloying with Al and Fe in sequence,simultaneous enhancements in specific strength and GFA were achieved based on a Ti-Zr-Be ternary metallic glass,resulting in the development of a series of centimeter-sized metallic glasses exhibiting ultrahigh-specific strength.Notably,the newly developed(Ti_(45)Zr_(20)Be_(31)A_(l4))_(94)Fe_(6)alloy established a new record for the specific strength of Ti-based BMGs.Along with a critical diameter(D_(c))of 10 mm,it offers the optimal scheme for balancing the specific strength and GFA of Ti-based BMGs.The present results further brighten the application prospects of Ti-based BMGs as lightweight materials.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202026,and 62175192)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB762)。
文摘Transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO_(3)and/or Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were prepared.Effects of MgO/SiO_(2)ratio on crystallization properties of MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals were investigated.When the MgO/SiO_(2)ratio is relatively low,crystallization of MgSiO_(3)is favored,whereas a higher MgO/SiO_(2)ratio tends to promote the crystallization of Mg_(2)SiO_(4).Glass-ceramics are transparent in the visible range due to the small size of the precipitated nanocrystals.Replacing SiO_(2)with MgO results in an increase in Vickers hardness,and the Vickers hardness can be further enhanced through the precipitation of MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals.The findings presented herein are meaningful for the preparation of highly transparent glass-ceramics containing MgSiO_(3)and Mg_(2)SiO_(4)nanocrystals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51827801,52371152,and 51971120).
文摘For the development of high-performance metallic glasses,enhancing their stability against viscous flow and crystallization is a primary objective.Vapor deposition or prolonged annealing is an effective method to improve glass stability,shown by increased glass transition temperature(Tg)and crystallization temperature(Tx).This contributes to the development of ultra-stable metallic glasses.Herein,we demonstrate that modulating the quenching temperature can also produce ultra-stable metallic glasses,as evidenced by an increase in Tx of 17-30 K in Cu-based metallic glasses.By modulating the quenching temperature,separated primary phases,secondary phases,and even nano-oxides can be obtained in the metallic glasses.Notably,metastable phases such as Cu-rich precipitates arising from secondary phase separation play a crucial role in enhancing glass stability.However,the enhancement of the stability of the glass has only a negligible effect on its mechanical properties.This study implies that different melt thermodynamic states generated by liquid-liquid separation and transition collectively determine the frozen-in glass structure.The results of this study will be helpful for the development of ultra-stable bulk glasses.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172007)。
文摘To analyze the impact of bubbles on the mechanical behavior of glasses,by controlling the refining time,we prepared three borosilicate glasses with the same composition and different porosity.By the analysis software integrated within the optical microscope,the diameter and number of the bubbles on the surface of three borosilicate glasses were quantified.From the hardness and crack initiation resistance(CR),we built the relationship between the porosity and the mechanical performance of these borosilicate glasses.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472012)Opening Project of State Silica-Based Materials Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.2022KF11)the Research and Development of Glass Powder for Laser Sealing and Its Sealing Technology(No.K24556)。
文摘The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was investigated.In addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were revealed.The results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal expansion.During laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting glass.The absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper ions.The greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser sealing.The shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.
文摘Sm^(3+)-doped materials exhibit red and orange emissions in the visible light region,showing broad applica⁃tion prospects in both laser and display material fields.However,the inherent small emission and absorption cross-sections of Sm^(3+)result in low luminous efficiency,posing challenges for achieving high-quality solid-state lighting.Here,the excellent white emission of Sm^(3+)doped lithium aluminum silicate(LAS)glass was realized by introducing the Ag aggregates through Ag ion exchange.Under 395 nm excitation,the Ag-doped samples exhibit significant fluo⁃rescence enhancement with color coordinates close to the equal energy white point E(0.33,0.33)and a color ren⁃dering index(CRI)of 81.8.The study reveals that the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect of Ag nanoparticles enhances the luminescence of Sm^(3+),while the energy transfer mechanism between Ag^(+)and Sm^(3+)also promotes fluores⁃cence enhancement.By adjusting the concentration of AgNO_(3) and the exchange time,a series of high-quality full-spectrum white light emissions were obtained,indicating that the Ag ion-exchanged Sm^(3+)-doped LAS glass has good application potential in the development of solid-state lighting devices.Moreover,variations in the excitation wave⁃length can effectively tune the emission color,further demonstrating the tunability and practicality of this material in optoelectronic applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202257,12072184,12002197)。
文摘Inspired by brick-and-mortar architectures and suture interfaces,we propose a design of bioinspired nacre-like materials with interlocking sutures to improve the toughness of brittle materials.Laser-engraved glass interlockers are laminated with soft interlayers in a staggered arrangement,and the fundamental mechanical properties of the structure are investigated through experiments and numerical modeling.It is found that the tensile performance,such as the strength and toughness,is strongly affected by the interlocking angle and suture line spacing.The geometric interlocking originated from suture interfaces as well as tablet sliding arising from the staggered arrangement of interlockers cooperatively contribute to enhancing the strength and toughness of this bioinspired design.Additionally,the finite element modeling shows the interfacial failure and plastic deformation,revealing the interplay of the geometric interlocking mechanism and the sliding mechanism.This novel bioinspired design paves a new path for fabrication of structural materials combining high stiffness,high strength,and enhanced toughness.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.52025042)。
文摘Hazardous wastes from the production of cleaner fuels,spent hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalysts,pose a threat to the environment and the sustainability of rare metal resources.However,conventional recovery approaches are limited by long processes,easy generation of waste liquids,and difficult reuse of recovery products.Herein,a SiO_(2)-Na_(2)O-B_(2)O_(3)-MgO-TiO_(2)glass phase extraction system was proposed for the full-component recycle from spent MoNi/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts to the materials,including the individual recovery of Mo and the synthesis of Ni^(2+)-doped glass–ceramics.96.7%of Ni and 99.8%of Al were extracted into the loaded glass in one step,while 95.3%of Mo was precipitated as molybdate and directly recovered with high separation factors(SF_(Mo/Ni)594.8,SF_(Mo/Al)8718.2)in one step.Moreover,the broadband near-infrared luminescence(1150-1700 nm)of glass–ceramics was triggered by Ni^(2+)in the octahedral crystal structure of Me_(3)O_(5)(Me=Mg,Al,Ti)by meltingannealing-crystallization processes,which provided it the potential to be applied in tunable lasers and broadband optical amplifiers for the wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission systems.The Ni^(2+)-doping mechanism was calculated using molecular dynamics simulations.This work emphasized the maximization of the reuse value for each metal resource from hazardous wastes while reducing the burden on the environment and achieving the recycling of rare metal resources with re-valorization.
基金Projects(52105175,52305149)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2242024RCB0035)supported by the Zhishan Young Scholar Program of Southeast University,China+5 种基金Project(BK20210235)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(2023MK042)supported by the State Administration for Market Regulation,ChinaProject(KJ2023003)supported by the Jiangsu Administration for Market Regulation,ChinaProjects(KJ(Y)202429,KJ(YJ)2023001)supported by the Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute,ChinaProject(JSSCBS20210121)supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Innovative and Entrepreneurial Doctor Program,ChinaProject(1102002310)supported by the Technology Innovation Project for Returnees in Nanjing,China。
文摘Superhydrophobic glass has inspiring development prospects in endoscopes,solar panels and other engineering and medical fields.However,the surface topography required to achieve superhydrophobicity will inevitably affect the surface transparency and limit the application of glass materials.To resolve the contradiction between the surface transparency and the robust superhydrophobicity,an efficient and low-cost laser-chemical surface functionalization process was utilized to fabricate superhydrophobic glass surface.The results show that the air can be effectively trapped in surface micro/nanostructure induced by laser texturing,thus reducing the solid-liquid contact area and interfacial tension.The deposition of hydrophobic carbon-containing groups on the surface can be accelerated by chemical treatment,and the surface energy is significantly reduced.The glass surface exhibits marvelous robust superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 155.8°and a roll-off angle of 7.2°under the combination of hierarchical micro/nanostructure and low surface energy.Moreover,the surface transparency of the prepared superhydrophobic glass was only 5.42%lower than that of the untreated surface.This superhydrophobic glass with high transparency still maintains excellent superhydrophobicity after durability and stability tests.The facile fabrication of superhydrophobic glass with high transparency and robustness provides a strong reference for further expanding the application value of glass materials.
基金funded by the National Defence University of Malaysia(Grant No.UPNM/2022/GPJP/SG/3)My Brain Sc Scholarship 2023。
文摘This study explores the impact of bismuth oxide(Bi_(2)O_(3))on the optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent,lead-free thulium-doped bismuth borotellurite radiation shielding glass.The investigated glass composition follows the formula[(TeO_(2))_(75)(B_(2)O_(3))_(25)]_(98-x)(Bi_(2)O_(3))_x[Tm_(2)O_(3)]_(2),where x=0 mol%,5 mol%,10 mol%,15 mol%,20 mol%,25 mol%,and 30 mol%.All glass samples remain transparent,with an optical bandgap(E_(opt))exceeding 3.1 e V,ensuring visible light transmission.Radiation shielding data from Phy-X and XCom reveal interactions of the photoelectric effect,Compton scattering,and pair production,with minimal relative difference in mass attenuation coefficient(MAC)which is between0.05 and 0.56.At 0.662 Me V photon energy,the 20 mol%and 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glasses exhibit significantly higher Phy-X MAC values than other samples,except RS 520 glass,which contains 71%Pb O.Despite incorporating only up to 25 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3),these glasses outperform others in density,half-value layer(HVL),and mean free path(MFP).Correlating E_(opt)and MAC,the 20 mol%Bi_(2)O_(3)glass is the best candidate for transparent radiation shielding glass due to its wide optical bandgap which prevents ionization of trapped holes.Significantly,the linkage between MFP and molar refraction was also discovered based on the particle size influence on both parameters.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52231006)Junqiang Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0703600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92163108 and 52222105).
文摘Annealing has been a popular method to improve the soft magnetism of metallic glasses (MGs), which however usually makes MGs brittle and difficult to process. Here, it is demonstrated that the embrittled Fe-based MG can be reductilized and the coercivity can be further lowered through the rejuvenation of memory effect. The synchronous improvement in the plasticity and soft magnetic properties is attributed to the combination effects of releasing much residual stress, decreasing the magnetic anisotropy, and homogenizing the glasses during the rejuvenation process. The current work opens a new perspective to improve the properties of MGs by utilizing the memory effect and holds promising commercial application potential.
基金Funded by Key R&D Projects in Hubei Province of China(No.2020BAB061)。
文摘Ag-doped alkali borosilicate glasses with different TiO_(2) contents were prepared by the melting method.The viscosity-temperature curves of the glass samples were fitted using the MYEGA equation,and it was found that the viscosity of the glass showed a gradual decrease with the increase of TiO_(2) content in the interval of the crystallization temperature of the glass.The results of XPS analysis show that TiO_(2) mainly enters the glass network in the form of[TiO_(4)]before the heat treatment of the glass samples.In contrast,after the heat treatment,the contents of[TiO_(4)]and[TiO_(5)]in the glass decreased significantly,and the content of[TiO_(6)]increased,which led to the separation of TiO_(2) from the glass network.The microhardness of glass shows the same pattern.Raman spectral analysis shows that the introduction of TiO_(2) promotes phase separation in glass.The reduction of glass viscosity facilitates the movement of particles within the glass,while the creation of phase separation promotes heterogeneous nucleation of grains.FE-SEM analysis reveals that the silver halide grains in the heat-treated glass are dispersed in the matrix in a spherical shape,and the average size of the silver halide grains tends to increase with the increase of TiO_(2) content.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ6202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271087)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Scientist Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ10010)the Huxiang Young Talent Program from Hunan Province(No.2018RS3036)。
文摘Mechanically robust transparent materials that can be repaired have many advantages for practical applications.In this study,a supramolecular strategy is used to introduce healing capacity and mechanical toughness into artificial glass.Non-covalent/dynamic covalent polymerization of thioctic acid(TA)and(±)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane(DC)generates supramolecular glass with versatile attractive properties,including high optical transmittance(>90%),strong impact resistance(2.47 k J/m^(2)),good mechanical strength(21.6 MPa),and high rigidity(65 HD on Shore hardness).The adhesive bonding of poly[TA],along with its photopolymerization behavior,enables damaged areas in poly[DC/TA]to be rebuilt in-situ.Subsequent solidification and hardening of the repaired areas are notably accelerated by hydrogen bonding between poly[TA]and DC.The newly healed poly[DC/TA]exhibits considerable optical and mechanical properties compared to those of untreated poly[DC/TA].This study presents a new design concept for constructing the high-performance glass from low-molecular-weight organic compounds.
