Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts provide tractable systems for understanding antagonistic coevolution in nature;however,little is known about the fate of frontline antiparasite defenses when...Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts provide tractable systems for understanding antagonistic coevolution in nature;however,little is known about the fate of frontline antiparasite defenses when the host“wins”the coevolutionary arms race.By recreating bygone species interactions,using artificial parasitism experiments,lingering defensive behaviors that evolved in the context of parasitism can be understood and may even be used to identify the unknown agent of parasitism past.Here we present the first study of this type by evaluating lingering“frontline”nest defenses that have evolved to prevent egg laying in a former brood parasite host.The Australian reed warbler Acrocephalus australis is currently not parasitized but is known to exhibit fine-tuned egg discrimination—a defensive behavior indicative of a past brood parasite–host arms race and common in closely related parasitized species.Here,using 3D-printed models of adult brood parasites,we examined whether the Australian reed warbler also exhibits frontline defenses to adult brood parasites,and whether we could use these defenses to identify the warbler’s“ghost of parasitism past.”Our findings provide evidence that the Australian reed warbler readily engages in frontline defenses that are considered adaptive specifically in the context of brood parasitism.However,individuals were unable to discriminate between adults of different brood parasite species at their nest.Overall,our results demonstrate that despite a relaxation in selection,defenses against brood parasitism can be maintained across multiple stages of the host’s nesting cycle,and further suggest that,in accordance with previous findings,that learning may be important for fine-tuning frontline defense.展开更多
Microglia are the tissue resident macrophages of the brain and represent the sole immune population located in the parenchyma of the central nervous system （CNS）. These cells are hidden be-tween neurons, astrocytes ...Microglia are the tissue resident macrophages of the brain and represent the sole immune population located in the parenchyma of the central nervous system （CNS）. These cells are hidden be-tween neurons, astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes and account for only 5-10% of CNS cells. Even though microglia were already identified in 1913 by the Spanish neuroanatomist Ramon y Cajal and further seminally investigated by his student Pio del Rio Hortega,展开更多
Dark energy is explained using familiar notions and concepts used in quantum field theory, string theory and the exact mathematical theory of spacetime. The main result of the present work is first a new mathematical ...Dark energy is explained using familiar notions and concepts used in quantum field theory, string theory and the exact mathematical theory of spacetime. The main result of the present work is first a new mathematical definition of pre-quantum spacetime (QST) as a multiset made of infinitely many empty Cantor sets connected to pre-quantum wave empty set (QW) and the pre-quantum particle (QP) zero set via the cobordism equation ∂(QW) = (QP)U(QST). Second, and in turn, this new path of reasoning is used to validate the quantum splitting of Einstein’s E = mc<sup>2</sup> into the sum of the ordinary energy E = mc<sup>2</sup>/22 of the quantum particle and the dark energy E = mc<sup>2</sup>(21/22) of the quantum wave, used predominantly to explain the observed accelerated expansion of the universe.展开更多
[Objective] To study on genetic inactivation bacterial ghosts of Pasteurella multocida based PhiX174 gene E lysis cassette mediated. [ Method ] Recombinant pPBA1100-e was constructed by which the gene E of bacteriopha...[Objective] To study on genetic inactivation bacterial ghosts of Pasteurella multocida based PhiX174 gene E lysis cassette mediated. [ Method ] Recombinant pPBA1100-e was constructed by which the gene E of bacteriophage Phix174 and temperature sensitivity expressing control system hybridized with plasmid pPBA1100 by genetic engineering method. Recombinant was transformed to Pasteurella multocida and lysis gene E expressed by temperature induction. Recombinant was detected by restriction endonuclease. Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella mul- tocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysis. I Result~ The results indicated that the recombination plasmid presented three bands by restriction endonuclease and agarose electrophoresis and that molecular weight of every band ac- corded with theoretical value. The result of SEM observing showed that recombination plasmid expressed successfully in P. multocida and produced bacterial ghost. The result of CFU detecting demonstrated that inactivation ratio of P. multocida reached 99 per cent. ~Conclusion~ This study pro- vided technical bases for the preparation of antigen vaccine of natural bacterial outer membrane protein.展开更多
The 1999 Thai horror movie Nang Nak was the turning point for the“new wave”of Thai movies,and it became a model for the horror genre in Thailand.Even today,vengeance from female ghosts remains a central theme of Tha...The 1999 Thai horror movie Nang Nak was the turning point for the“new wave”of Thai movies,and it became a model for the horror genre in Thailand.Even today,vengeance from female ghosts remains a central theme of Thai horror movies.展开更多
In examining the historical changes in cognitive psychology from 1895 to 1949, it is necessary to transform cognitive psychology into cognitive practice. In the late Qing and early Republic era(1895-1919), cognitive p...In examining the historical changes in cognitive psychology from 1895 to 1949, it is necessary to transform cognitive psychology into cognitive practice. In the late Qing and early Republic era(1895-1919), cognitive practice mainly appeared as the cognition of the sick at heart. Against the background of the late Qing importation of Western learning aimed at securing national salvation, the intellectual class, represented by Tan Sitong,hastily dressed the wound to the traditional Chinese learning of Heaven and man inflicted by late nineteenth century scientific knowledge from Europe and America. They regarded cognition as the understanding gained in the practice of self-cultivation, as affording man a spiritual resting place between Heaven and Earth. By the time of the Republic of China(1920-1949), the main form of cognitive practice had become ghostly cognition.Under the banner of saving the country by means of science, higher education researchers,represented by Lu Zhiwei, explored cognition with the help of such intermediaries as physiological mechanisms and language structure. Men could easily become ghosts trapped in intermediaries when they plunged into the conceptual world in search of truth,as their cognitive practice evolved into the conceptual grasp of ghosts. This ghostly cognition continued into later information processing psychology and was disseminated among the mass of the public. A deeper level of the cognition of the sick at heart remains for future study, on the lengthy road home.展开更多
This article focuses on novels that,located on the boundary between biography,autobiography and fiction,between detailed archival historical research and imagination,between the documentary and the speculative,seek to...This article focuses on novels that,located on the boundary between biography,autobiography and fiction,between detailed archival historical research and imagination,between the documentary and the speculative,seek to reconstruct the life of an ancestor of the writer-narrator to reflect on the traumas,exploitation,hopes,and desires of generations who,in their diasporas,also helped create their modern nations,or whose story challenges the exclusions on which the concept of the nation has been built.The texts discussed are Melania Mazzucco's Vita,Vona Groarke's Hereafter:The Telling Life of Ellen O'Hara,Wu Ming 2 and Antar Mohamed's Timira:Romanzo Meticcio,and Maryse Conde's Victoire,les saveurs et les mots.At their center is the negotiation between the individual truth and the relational story across generations on the one hand,and,on the other hand,the tracing of collective histories such as those of nation,of colonization,of diaspora,of internal and external displacement,of rights and emancipation(the downtrodden,the poor,women,the migrant,the refugees),of the origins of dispossession and the permanence of its effects.At the core of the narratives is also the ghostliness of the erased(from history,from memory,from citizenship),the departed(in the sense of being dead and of having traveled away),and the in-between(generic:between the historical and documentary on the one hand,and the novelistic,the fable,fantasy on the other;geographical:between countries,between places,nationalities,national affiliations;historical:across generations;racial:the mestizo,the mulatto).It is,specifically,the biofictional imagination that enables these diasporic,transnational,transracial accounts to open up the possibility of a different,liberating future,by offering the space to imagine such a future,but also by recognizing,through its explicit acknowledgement of its recourse to fictionality,that it does not aim to construct a new myth to replace historical fact,but that it invites all of us to imagine,and strive to bring into existence,a different reality.展开更多
Nine Inch Nails:美国工业噪音乐队,简称NIN,最早于上世纪八十年代末的美国俄亥俄州成立,执迷于工业噪音的制造,并不断揣摩重型音乐与流行音乐的最佳契合点,这一特质使得乐队始终游离于主流与非主流音乐的交界处。早期的Nine Inch Nail...Nine Inch Nails:美国工业噪音乐队,简称NIN,最早于上世纪八十年代末的美国俄亥俄州成立,执迷于工业噪音的制造,并不断揣摩重型音乐与流行音乐的最佳契合点,这一特质使得乐队始终游离于主流与非主流音乐的交界处。早期的Nine Inch Nails曾欣然将电子舞曲元素融入工业音乐当中,处女专辑《Pretry Hate Machine》当中的"Head Like A Hole"和"Sin"展开更多
Built by immigrants in the 19th century, Bangkok’s Chinese cemeteries now stand on prime urban land. As developers move in, and the younger generation lose their Chinese heritage, this neighborhood’s dead may soon b...Built by immigrants in the 19th century, Bangkok’s Chinese cemeteries now stand on prime urban land. As developers move in, and the younger generation lose their Chinese heritage, this neighborhood’s dead may soon be joining the exodus展开更多
Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer,although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs.Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment ...Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer,although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs.Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment due to its high immune stimulation effect;however,excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome.Here,we prepared cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal paclitaxel-loaded bacterial ghosts(LP@BG@CCM)by layer-by-layer encapsulation for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The preparation processes were simple,only involving film formation,electroporation,and pore extrusion.LP@BG@CCM owned much higher 4T1 cancer cell toxicity than LP@BG due to its faster fusion with cancer cells.In the 4T1 breast cancer metastatic lung cancer mouse models,the remarkably higher lung targeting of intravenously injected LP@BG@CCM was observed with the almost normalized lung appearance,the reduced lung weight,the clear lung tissue structure,and the enhanced cancer cell apoptosis compared to its precursors.Moreover,several major immune factors were improved after administration of LP@BG@CCM,including the CD4^(+)/CD8a^(+)T cells in the spleen and the TNF-α,IFN-γ,and IL-4 in the lung.LP@BG@CCM exhibits the optimal synergistic chemo-immunotherapy,which is a promising medication for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.展开更多
How the memoirs of a Chinese American author,haunted by her parents,can help us relate to our own families There's something familiarabout Seeing Ghosts,KatChows brave new memoir.It's not just because it takes...How the memoirs of a Chinese American author,haunted by her parents,can help us relate to our own families There's something familiarabout Seeing Ghosts,KatChows brave new memoir.It's not just because it takesthis Shenzhen-dwelling reviewer to Guangzhou, where herfather grew up before expatriatingto the US via Hong Kong. It's notjust the description of rising intothe middle class in a 1980s and '90s America that still feels like recenthistory.展开更多
In April 1967,13 years into the American War in Vietnam(common-ly known as the Vietnam War),TIME magazine(then called LIFE)featured the first American photo-report from inside North Vietnam.Against the back-drop of Ha...In April 1967,13 years into the American War in Vietnam(common-ly known as the Vietnam War),TIME magazine(then called LIFE)featured the first American photo-report from inside North Vietnam.Against the back-drop of Hanoi’s Prench-colonial Hotel Metropole,the haunting cover image showed locals standing chest-deep in shallow sidewalk manholes during one of the city's frequent air raids.展开更多
In these pesilential times,we long for escape.And because irony never dies,our Shenzhen book dub gathered alibrary of historic plgues,finding surprsingly optimnistic mexages amid the death toll Acros history and ficti...In these pesilential times,we long for escape.And because irony never dies,our Shenzhen book dub gathered alibrary of historic plgues,finding surprsingly optimnistic mexages amid the death toll Acros history and fiction,30 volumes brought us terifying diseases like bubonic plague,yllow fever,rabies,and so much more.We even ventured into fantastic blindnes,apocalyptic flus and a couplezombie plagues for good measure.展开更多
Resurrecting loved ones has become a new business model for individual Al developers,but amid the hype,many people and even big tech companies are struggling to find paths to monetize the nascent sector.
为了对心理健康自动检测仪目标的反常现象进行检测,研究设计了包含目标检测、目标跟踪和反常行为识别的综合模型。研究设计了基于You Only Look Once 5小型的目标检测模型,并引入卷积注意力模块来进行改进。也设计了基于深度简单在线实...为了对心理健康自动检测仪目标的反常现象进行检测,研究设计了包含目标检测、目标跟踪和反常行为识别的综合模型。研究设计了基于You Only Look Once 5小型的目标检测模型,并引入卷积注意力模块来进行改进。也设计了基于深度简单在线实时跟踪技术的跟踪模型,并引入了Ghost模块来进行改进。研究构建了基于SlowFast结构和特征金字塔的反常行为识别模型。结果显示,检测模型的准确率最大值为98.57%,跟踪模型的曲线下面积为0.987。反常行为识别模型在正常、抹眼泪、打脸和一个地方来回走动的动作上的准确率最大值分别为95.57%、96.17%、96.58%和97.06%。所设计的综合模型具有良好的性能,能够为心理健康自动检测仪目标的反常现象检测提供目标检测、跟踪和行为识别上的技术支持。展开更多
文摘Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts provide tractable systems for understanding antagonistic coevolution in nature;however,little is known about the fate of frontline antiparasite defenses when the host“wins”the coevolutionary arms race.By recreating bygone species interactions,using artificial parasitism experiments,lingering defensive behaviors that evolved in the context of parasitism can be understood and may even be used to identify the unknown agent of parasitism past.Here we present the first study of this type by evaluating lingering“frontline”nest defenses that have evolved to prevent egg laying in a former brood parasite host.The Australian reed warbler Acrocephalus australis is currently not parasitized but is known to exhibit fine-tuned egg discrimination—a defensive behavior indicative of a past brood parasite–host arms race and common in closely related parasitized species.Here,using 3D-printed models of adult brood parasites,we examined whether the Australian reed warbler also exhibits frontline defenses to adult brood parasites,and whether we could use these defenses to identify the warbler’s“ghost of parasitism past.”Our findings provide evidence that the Australian reed warbler readily engages in frontline defenses that are considered adaptive specifically in the context of brood parasitism.However,individuals were unable to discriminate between adults of different brood parasite species at their nest.Overall,our results demonstrate that despite a relaxation in selection,defenses against brood parasitism can be maintained across multiple stages of the host’s nesting cycle,and further suggest that,in accordance with previous findings,that learning may be important for fine-tuning frontline defense.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFGMI1328)
文摘Microglia are the tissue resident macrophages of the brain and represent the sole immune population located in the parenchyma of the central nervous system （CNS）. These cells are hidden be-tween neurons, astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes and account for only 5-10% of CNS cells. Even though microglia were already identified in 1913 by the Spanish neuroanatomist Ramon y Cajal and further seminally investigated by his student Pio del Rio Hortega,
文摘Dark energy is explained using familiar notions and concepts used in quantum field theory, string theory and the exact mathematical theory of spacetime. The main result of the present work is first a new mathematical definition of pre-quantum spacetime (QST) as a multiset made of infinitely many empty Cantor sets connected to pre-quantum wave empty set (QW) and the pre-quantum particle (QP) zero set via the cobordism equation ∂(QW) = (QP)U(QST). Second, and in turn, this new path of reasoning is used to validate the quantum splitting of Einstein’s E = mc<sup>2</sup> into the sum of the ordinary energy E = mc<sup>2</sup>/22 of the quantum particle and the dark energy E = mc<sup>2</sup>(21/22) of the quantum wave, used predominantly to explain the observed accelerated expansion of the universe.
基金Supported by the Hongkong Fok Ying Tung Ming Yuan Fund(HK314-14591)Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Research Projects(2004B20201019)Shaoguan Science and Technology Innovation Projects(2010140473)
文摘[Objective] To study on genetic inactivation bacterial ghosts of Pasteurella multocida based PhiX174 gene E lysis cassette mediated. [ Method ] Recombinant pPBA1100-e was constructed by which the gene E of bacteriophage Phix174 and temperature sensitivity expressing control system hybridized with plasmid pPBA1100 by genetic engineering method. Recombinant was transformed to Pasteurella multocida and lysis gene E expressed by temperature induction. Recombinant was detected by restriction endonuclease. Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella mul- tocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysis. I Result~ The results indicated that the recombination plasmid presented three bands by restriction endonuclease and agarose electrophoresis and that molecular weight of every band ac- corded with theoretical value. The result of SEM observing showed that recombination plasmid expressed successfully in P. multocida and produced bacterial ghost. The result of CFU detecting demonstrated that inactivation ratio of P. multocida reached 99 per cent. ~Conclusion~ This study pro- vided technical bases for the preparation of antigen vaccine of natural bacterial outer membrane protein.
文摘The 1999 Thai horror movie Nang Nak was the turning point for the“new wave”of Thai movies,and it became a model for the horror genre in Thailand.Even today,vengeance from female ghosts remains a central theme of Thai horror movies.
文摘In examining the historical changes in cognitive psychology from 1895 to 1949, it is necessary to transform cognitive psychology into cognitive practice. In the late Qing and early Republic era(1895-1919), cognitive practice mainly appeared as the cognition of the sick at heart. Against the background of the late Qing importation of Western learning aimed at securing national salvation, the intellectual class, represented by Tan Sitong,hastily dressed the wound to the traditional Chinese learning of Heaven and man inflicted by late nineteenth century scientific knowledge from Europe and America. They regarded cognition as the understanding gained in the practice of self-cultivation, as affording man a spiritual resting place between Heaven and Earth. By the time of the Republic of China(1920-1949), the main form of cognitive practice had become ghostly cognition.Under the banner of saving the country by means of science, higher education researchers,represented by Lu Zhiwei, explored cognition with the help of such intermediaries as physiological mechanisms and language structure. Men could easily become ghosts trapped in intermediaries when they plunged into the conceptual world in search of truth,as their cognitive practice evolved into the conceptual grasp of ghosts. This ghostly cognition continued into later information processing psychology and was disseminated among the mass of the public. A deeper level of the cognition of the sick at heart remains for future study, on the lengthy road home.
文摘This article focuses on novels that,located on the boundary between biography,autobiography and fiction,between detailed archival historical research and imagination,between the documentary and the speculative,seek to reconstruct the life of an ancestor of the writer-narrator to reflect on the traumas,exploitation,hopes,and desires of generations who,in their diasporas,also helped create their modern nations,or whose story challenges the exclusions on which the concept of the nation has been built.The texts discussed are Melania Mazzucco's Vita,Vona Groarke's Hereafter:The Telling Life of Ellen O'Hara,Wu Ming 2 and Antar Mohamed's Timira:Romanzo Meticcio,and Maryse Conde's Victoire,les saveurs et les mots.At their center is the negotiation between the individual truth and the relational story across generations on the one hand,and,on the other hand,the tracing of collective histories such as those of nation,of colonization,of diaspora,of internal and external displacement,of rights and emancipation(the downtrodden,the poor,women,the migrant,the refugees),of the origins of dispossession and the permanence of its effects.At the core of the narratives is also the ghostliness of the erased(from history,from memory,from citizenship),the departed(in the sense of being dead and of having traveled away),and the in-between(generic:between the historical and documentary on the one hand,and the novelistic,the fable,fantasy on the other;geographical:between countries,between places,nationalities,national affiliations;historical:across generations;racial:the mestizo,the mulatto).It is,specifically,the biofictional imagination that enables these diasporic,transnational,transracial accounts to open up the possibility of a different,liberating future,by offering the space to imagine such a future,but also by recognizing,through its explicit acknowledgement of its recourse to fictionality,that it does not aim to construct a new myth to replace historical fact,but that it invites all of us to imagine,and strive to bring into existence,a different reality.
文摘Nine Inch Nails:美国工业噪音乐队,简称NIN,最早于上世纪八十年代末的美国俄亥俄州成立,执迷于工业噪音的制造,并不断揣摩重型音乐与流行音乐的最佳契合点,这一特质使得乐队始终游离于主流与非主流音乐的交界处。早期的Nine Inch Nails曾欣然将电子舞曲元素融入工业音乐当中,处女专辑《Pretry Hate Machine》当中的"Head Like A Hole"和"Sin"
文摘Built by immigrants in the 19th century, Bangkok’s Chinese cemeteries now stand on prime urban land. As developers move in, and the younger generation lose their Chinese heritage, this neighborhood’s dead may soon be joining the exodus
基金The work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803453).
文摘Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer,although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs.Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment due to its high immune stimulation effect;however,excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome.Here,we prepared cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal paclitaxel-loaded bacterial ghosts(LP@BG@CCM)by layer-by-layer encapsulation for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.The preparation processes were simple,only involving film formation,electroporation,and pore extrusion.LP@BG@CCM owned much higher 4T1 cancer cell toxicity than LP@BG due to its faster fusion with cancer cells.In the 4T1 breast cancer metastatic lung cancer mouse models,the remarkably higher lung targeting of intravenously injected LP@BG@CCM was observed with the almost normalized lung appearance,the reduced lung weight,the clear lung tissue structure,and the enhanced cancer cell apoptosis compared to its precursors.Moreover,several major immune factors were improved after administration of LP@BG@CCM,including the CD4^(+)/CD8a^(+)T cells in the spleen and the TNF-α,IFN-γ,and IL-4 in the lung.LP@BG@CCM exhibits the optimal synergistic chemo-immunotherapy,which is a promising medication for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
文摘How the memoirs of a Chinese American author,haunted by her parents,can help us relate to our own families There's something familiarabout Seeing Ghosts,KatChows brave new memoir.It's not just because it takesthis Shenzhen-dwelling reviewer to Guangzhou, where herfather grew up before expatriatingto the US via Hong Kong. It's notjust the description of rising intothe middle class in a 1980s and '90s America that still feels like recenthistory.
文摘In April 1967,13 years into the American War in Vietnam(common-ly known as the Vietnam War),TIME magazine(then called LIFE)featured the first American photo-report from inside North Vietnam.Against the back-drop of Hanoi’s Prench-colonial Hotel Metropole,the haunting cover image showed locals standing chest-deep in shallow sidewalk manholes during one of the city's frequent air raids.
文摘In these pesilential times,we long for escape.And because irony never dies,our Shenzhen book dub gathered alibrary of historic plgues,finding surprsingly optimnistic mexages amid the death toll Acros history and fiction,30 volumes brought us terifying diseases like bubonic plague,yllow fever,rabies,and so much more.We even ventured into fantastic blindnes,apocalyptic flus and a couplezombie plagues for good measure.
文摘Resurrecting loved ones has become a new business model for individual Al developers,but amid the hype,many people and even big tech companies are struggling to find paths to monetize the nascent sector.
文摘为了对心理健康自动检测仪目标的反常现象进行检测,研究设计了包含目标检测、目标跟踪和反常行为识别的综合模型。研究设计了基于You Only Look Once 5小型的目标检测模型,并引入卷积注意力模块来进行改进。也设计了基于深度简单在线实时跟踪技术的跟踪模型,并引入了Ghost模块来进行改进。研究构建了基于SlowFast结构和特征金字塔的反常行为识别模型。结果显示,检测模型的准确率最大值为98.57%,跟踪模型的曲线下面积为0.987。反常行为识别模型在正常、抹眼泪、打脸和一个地方来回走动的动作上的准确率最大值分别为95.57%、96.17%、96.58%和97.06%。所设计的综合模型具有良好的性能,能够为心理健康自动检测仪目标的反常现象检测提供目标检测、跟踪和行为识别上的技术支持。
