We examined the scale impacts on spatial hot and cold spots of CPUE for Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The original fishery data were tessellated to 18 spatial scales from 5′×5′ to 90′&...We examined the scale impacts on spatial hot and cold spots of CPUE for Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The original fishery data were tessellated to 18 spatial scales from 5′×5′ to 90′×90′ with a scale interval of 5′ to identify the local clusters. The changes in location, boundaries, and statistics regarding the Getis-Ord Gi＊ hot and cold spots in response to the spatial scales were analyzed in detail. Several statistics including Min, mean, Max, SD, CV, skewness, kurtosis, first quartile（Q1）, median, third quartile（Q3）, area and centroid were calculated for spatial hot and cold spots. Scaling impacts were examined for the selected statistics using linear, logarithmic, exponential, power law and polynomial functions. Clear scaling relations were identified for Max, SD and kurtosis for both hot and cold spots. For the remaining statistics, either a difference of scale impacts was found between the two clusters, or no clear scaling relation was identified. Spatial scales coarser than 30′ are not recommended to identify the local spatial patterns of fisheries because the boundary and locations of hot and cold spots at a coarser scale are significantly different from those at the original scale.展开更多
Spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the correlation of an observation with other observations through space. Most statistical analyses are based on the assumption that the values of observations are independent of...Spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the correlation of an observation with other observations through space. Most statistical analyses are based on the assumption that the values of observations are independent of one another. Spatial autocorrelation violates this assumption, because observations at near-by locations are related to each other, and hence, the consideration of spatial autocorrelations has been gaining attention in crash data modeling in recent years, and research have shown that ignoring this factor may lead to a biased estimation of the modeling parameters. This paper examines two spatial autocorrelation indices: Moran’s Index;and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to measure the spatial autocorrelation of vehicle crashes occurred in Boone County roads in the state of Missouri, USA for the years 2013-2015. Since each index can identify different clustering patterns of crashes, therefore this paper introduces a new hybrid method to identify the crash clustering patterns by combining both Moran’s Index and Gi*?statistic. Results show that the new method can effectively improve the number, extent, and type of crash clustering along roadways.展开更多
为分析安徽省土地利用时空演化特征,以1980年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年土地利用现状图为基础,利用Sankey图、土地利用动态度等方法分析了安徽省近40年土地利用演变特征;结合Getis-Ord General G聚类方法和多距...为分析安徽省土地利用时空演化特征,以1980年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年土地利用现状图为基础,利用Sankey图、土地利用动态度等方法分析了安徽省近40年土地利用演变特征;结合Getis-Ord General G聚类方法和多距离空间聚类(Ripleys K函数)方法对安徽省土地利用变化累积量进行了时空模式分析;并基于地理探测器模型分析了多种驱动因子对土地利用变化的单一与交互解释程度。结果表明:①1980—2020年安徽省建设用地、草地、水域面积分别增加35.04%、2.44%和0.75%,耕地、林地分别减少4.63%和0.98%;安徽省综合土地利用动态度逐渐增加,建设用地和耕地变化较快,单一动态度最高分别达到3.15%和-0.39%;林地、草地、水域变化较为稳定。②1980—2020年安徽省土地利用的剧烈变化具有显著的聚集性,通过K-means聚类可将不同程度的变化较好地分类;土地利用剧烈变化区域聚集特征受观测尺度变化的影响小于平缓变化区域。③地理探测结果表明:与人类活动强度密切联系的社会因子(夜间灯光数据、GDP、人口、到城市和主要道路距离等)和地形因子(高程、坡度)以及各因子间交互作用是土地利用变化的重要推动力。展开更多
Spatial-explicitly mapping of the hotspots and coldspots is a vital link in the priority setting for ecosystem services （ES） conservation. However, little research has identified and tested the compactness and effic...Spatial-explicitly mapping of the hotspots and coldspots is a vital link in the priority setting for ecosystem services （ES） conservation. However, little research has identified and tested the compactness and efficiency of their ES hotspots and coldspots, which may weaken the effectiveness of ecological conservation. In this study, based on the RUSLE model and Getis-Ord Gi＊ statistics, we quantified the variation of annual soil conservation services （SC） and identified the statistically significant hotspots and coldspots in Shaanxi Province of China from 2000 to 2013. The results indicate that, 1） areas with high SC presented a significantly increasing trend as well, while areas with low SC only changed slightly; 2） SC hotspots and coldspots showed an obvious spatial differentiation--the hotspots were mainly spatially ag- gregated in southern Shaanxi, while the coldspots were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Basin and Sand-windy Plateau; and 3） the identified hotspots had the highest capacity of providing SC, with 29.6% of the total area providing 59.7% of the total service. In contrast, the coldspots occupied 46.3% of the total area, but only provided 17.2% of the total SC. In addition to conserving single ES, the Getis-Ord Gi＊ statistics method can also help identify multi-functional priority areas for conserving multiple ES and biodiversity.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41406146the Open Fund from Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes at Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology of China under contract No.2017-1A02Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project-Fisheries(A)
文摘We examined the scale impacts on spatial hot and cold spots of CPUE for Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The original fishery data were tessellated to 18 spatial scales from 5′×5′ to 90′×90′ with a scale interval of 5′ to identify the local clusters. The changes in location, boundaries, and statistics regarding the Getis-Ord Gi＊ hot and cold spots in response to the spatial scales were analyzed in detail. Several statistics including Min, mean, Max, SD, CV, skewness, kurtosis, first quartile（Q1）, median, third quartile（Q3）, area and centroid were calculated for spatial hot and cold spots. Scaling impacts were examined for the selected statistics using linear, logarithmic, exponential, power law and polynomial functions. Clear scaling relations were identified for Max, SD and kurtosis for both hot and cold spots. For the remaining statistics, either a difference of scale impacts was found between the two clusters, or no clear scaling relation was identified. Spatial scales coarser than 30′ are not recommended to identify the local spatial patterns of fisheries because the boundary and locations of hot and cold spots at a coarser scale are significantly different from those at the original scale.
文摘Spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the correlation of an observation with other observations through space. Most statistical analyses are based on the assumption that the values of observations are independent of one another. Spatial autocorrelation violates this assumption, because observations at near-by locations are related to each other, and hence, the consideration of spatial autocorrelations has been gaining attention in crash data modeling in recent years, and research have shown that ignoring this factor may lead to a biased estimation of the modeling parameters. This paper examines two spatial autocorrelation indices: Moran’s Index;and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to measure the spatial autocorrelation of vehicle crashes occurred in Boone County roads in the state of Missouri, USA for the years 2013-2015. Since each index can identify different clustering patterns of crashes, therefore this paper introduces a new hybrid method to identify the crash clustering patterns by combining both Moran’s Index and Gi*?statistic. Results show that the new method can effectively improve the number, extent, and type of crash clustering along roadways.
文摘为分析安徽省土地利用时空演化特征,以1980年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年土地利用现状图为基础,利用Sankey图、土地利用动态度等方法分析了安徽省近40年土地利用演变特征;结合Getis-Ord General G聚类方法和多距离空间聚类(Ripleys K函数)方法对安徽省土地利用变化累积量进行了时空模式分析;并基于地理探测器模型分析了多种驱动因子对土地利用变化的单一与交互解释程度。结果表明:①1980—2020年安徽省建设用地、草地、水域面积分别增加35.04%、2.44%和0.75%,耕地、林地分别减少4.63%和0.98%;安徽省综合土地利用动态度逐渐增加,建设用地和耕地变化较快,单一动态度最高分别达到3.15%和-0.39%;林地、草地、水域变化较为稳定。②1980—2020年安徽省土地利用的剧烈变化具有显著的聚集性,通过K-means聚类可将不同程度的变化较好地分类;土地利用剧烈变化区域聚集特征受观测尺度变化的影响小于平缓变化区域。③地理探测结果表明:与人类活动强度密切联系的社会因子(夜间灯光数据、GDP、人口、到城市和主要道路距离等)和地形因子(高程、坡度)以及各因子间交互作用是土地利用变化的重要推动力。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41601182 National Social Science Foundation of China, No.14AZD094+3 种基金 National Key Research and Development Plan of China, No.2016YFC0501601 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.2016M592743 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No.GK201603078 Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China, No. 15JJD790022Acknowledgments We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive advice about the paper, and we also thank Chen Guoyong from the Hunan University, who provided important aid in calculating the annual soil conservation of Shaanxi by MATLAB programming.
文摘Spatial-explicitly mapping of the hotspots and coldspots is a vital link in the priority setting for ecosystem services （ES） conservation. However, little research has identified and tested the compactness and efficiency of their ES hotspots and coldspots, which may weaken the effectiveness of ecological conservation. In this study, based on the RUSLE model and Getis-Ord Gi＊ statistics, we quantified the variation of annual soil conservation services （SC） and identified the statistically significant hotspots and coldspots in Shaanxi Province of China from 2000 to 2013. The results indicate that, 1） areas with high SC presented a significantly increasing trend as well, while areas with low SC only changed slightly; 2） SC hotspots and coldspots showed an obvious spatial differentiation--the hotspots were mainly spatially ag- gregated in southern Shaanxi, while the coldspots were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Basin and Sand-windy Plateau; and 3） the identified hotspots had the highest capacity of providing SC, with 29.6% of the total area providing 59.7% of the total service. In contrast, the coldspots occupied 46.3% of the total area, but only provided 17.2% of the total SC. In addition to conserving single ES, the Getis-Ord Gi＊ statistics method can also help identify multi-functional priority areas for conserving multiple ES and biodiversity.
