China will be the last virginsoil for the rapid growth of world brands "China will be the last virgin soil for the rapid growth of world brands." predicted Li Guangdou, a famous marketing expert of China. H...China will be the last virginsoil for the rapid growth of world brands "China will be the last virgin soil for the rapid growth of world brands." predicted Li Guangdou, a famous marketing expert of China. However, the reality is far from being so optimistic. Across the world, the mark "Made in China"展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of catechins on reproductive performance, antioxidative capacity and immune function of gestating sows. A total of 60 cross-bred（Landrace × Large White） multi...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of catechins on reproductive performance, antioxidative capacity and immune function of gestating sows. A total of 60 cross-bred（Landrace × Large White） multiparious sows were blocked by body weight, parity and backfact and randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments: 0.100,200,300, or 400 mg/kg catechins. Dietary treatments were imposed from mating to d 40 of gestation of sows. At farrowing, litter total born, born alive, dead, and normal-（healthy piglets,>0.85 kg） and low-birth weight piglets（<0.85 kg） were recorded. Within 3.00 ± 0.50 days after farrowing litter size was standardized to 8,00 ± 1.50 piglets within treatment. The piglets were weighed at birth（d 1） and weaning（d 28）. Sows serum samples were obtained from blood samples collected on d 40 of gestation for analyses of glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）,malondialdehyde（MDA）, hydrogen peroxide（H2 O2）, nitric oxide synthetase（NOS） and nitrogen monoxide（NO）. Our results showed that supplementation of catechins at levels of 200 or 300 mg/kg led to improvements in litter born alive（P < 0.01） and piglet born healthy（P < 0.01） and a decrease in stillborn（P < 0.05） at farrowing when compared with the control. In comparison with the control, catechins at any supplemental levels all enhanced the serum SOD（P < 0.05） and CAT（P < 0.01） activities of sows at farrowing but no obvious differences in the serum GSH-Px and NOS activities were observed in this trial（P > 0.05）. Sows received 200 mg catechin per kg diets showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of the serum MDA level at farrowing compared with all other treatments. Sows received all the levels of catechin showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of serum H2 O2 level compared with sows received the control diet on both d 40 of gestation and farrowing. Our results demonstrated that the catechins may be a potential antioxidant to increase the reproductive performance and antioxidative capacity of sows when it was added into diets during the early gestation.展开更多
An accurate estimation of net energy(NE)of wheat bran is essential for precision feeding of sows.However,the effects of inclusion level on NE of wheat bran have not been reported.Inclusion level was hypothesized to im...An accurate estimation of net energy(NE)of wheat bran is essential for precision feeding of sows.However,the effects of inclusion level on NE of wheat bran have not been reported.Inclusion level was hypothesized to impact NE of wheat bran by regulating gut microbiota and partitioning of heat production.Therefore,twelve multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;2 to 4 parity)were assigned to a replicated 3×6 Youden square with 3 successive periods and 6 diets in each square.The experiment included a corn-soybean meal diet(WB0)and five diets including 9.8%(WB10),19.5%(WB20),29.2%(WB30),39.0%(WB40)and 48.7%wheat bran(WB50),respectively.Each period included 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 6 d for heat production measurement using open-circuit respiration chambers.Compared with other groups,WB30,WB40,and WB50 enriched different fiber-degrading bacteria genera(P<0.05).Apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of wheat bran were greater in WB30 and WB40(P<0.05).Physical activity(standing and sitting)decreased as inclusion level increased(P=0.04),which tended to decrease related heat production(P=0.07).Thermic effect of feeding(TEF)was higher in WB50 than other treatments(P<0.01).Metabolizable energy of wheat bran was similar among treatment groups(except for WB10).NE of wheat bran conformed to a quadratic regression equation with inclusion level(R^(2)=0.99,P<0.01)and peaked at an inclusion level of 35.3%.In conclusion,increasing inclusion level decreased energy expenditure of sows on physical activity and promoted growth of fiber-degrading bacteria,which improved energy utilization of fiber.Fermentation of wheat bran fiber by Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 and norank_f_Paludibacteraceae might increase TEF.Consequently,sows utilized energy in wheat bran most efficiently at an inclusion level of 35.3%.展开更多
Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise...Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise intervention from gestational Week 17 until birth on key cytokines involved in placental development and function.Secondary aims were to explore:(a)the moderating effects of fetal sex and maternal weight status;and(b)whether gestational weight gain,lifestyle behaviors(diet,sleep patterns,and physical activity),and physical fitness(strength and cardiorespiratory fitness)mediated the effects of exercise on placental cytokines.Methods:Seventy-six pregnant women(33±4 years,mean±SD),divided into exercise(n=40)and control(n=36)groups,participated in this study.The exercise group followed a 60-min,3 days/week(aerobic+resistance)training program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity.Placental cytokines—including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),plateletderived growth factor AA(PDGF-AA),epidermal growth factor(EGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),fractalkine,interleukin(IL)-8,IL-6,IL-1β,interleukin 1-receptor antagonist(IL-1ra),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)were analyzed using Luminex multi-analyte profiling(x MAP)technology.Results:The exercise group presented higher placental levels of G-CSF and lower concentrations of EGF and IL-1ra than the control group(p<0.05).Significant effects of exercise on placental G-CSF and TNF-a(p<0.05)and a trend toward lower IL-6(p=0.08)were observed only in female placentas.Additionally,a reduction in weight gain partially mediated the effects of exercise on G-CSF(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal exercise during pregnancy is related to increased placental levels of G-CSF and lower EGF and IL-1ra levels.Some exercise-induced effects are observed exclusively in female placentas,including increased G-CSF and lower TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations.Notably,the increased levels of G-CSF observed with exercise might be due to a more adequate gestational weight gain.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy...Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect of personalized nutritional support in elderly women with gestational diabetes(GDM),and explore its impact on the incidence of maternal complications and pregnancy outcomes.Met...Objective:To explore the clinical effect of personalized nutritional support in elderly women with gestational diabetes(GDM),and explore its impact on the incidence of maternal complications and pregnancy outcomes.Methods:A total of 90 elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were delivered in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group only received routine pregnancy care and basic nutrition guidance,while the observation group received personalized nutrition support on this basis.Compare the blood glucose control,incidence of pregnancy complications,pregnancy outcomes,and neonatal outcomes between two groups of parturient.Result:After intervention,the fasting blood glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.05);The incidence of complications such as gestational hypertension syndrome,polyhydramnios,premature rupture of membranes,and postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);The cesarean section rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes such as fetal distress,macrosomia,neonatal asphyxia,and neonatal hypoglycemia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistical significance(p<0.05).Conclusion:Individualized nutritional support for elderly women with gestational diabetes can effectively improve the level of maternal blood sugar control,reduce the incidence of complications during pregnancy,and improve the outcome of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes,which is of high clinical value.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and...Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics&Gynaecology at Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College,Hospital&Research Centre,Pimpri,Pune,India from September 2023 to March 2025.Hematological parameters[platelet count,mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW)]were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer,while coagulation parameters[prothrombin time(PT)/international normalised ratio,activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),and D-dimer]were assessed by standard automated assays.Results were compared between normotensive and hypertensive groups and correlated with disease severity.Results:The study included 212 antenatal females,with 106 normotensive pregnant women and 106 hypertensive women.Hypertensive women include cases of gestational hypertension(n=55);mild preeclampsia(n=39),and severe preeclampsia(n=12).A significant progressive decrease in platelet count and significant increases in MPV,PDW,PT,aPTT,and D-dimer levels were associated with increasing severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.001).Women with severe preeclampsia had the lowest mean platelet counts and the highest coagulation parameter values compared to women with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia,and normotensive pregnancies.These findings indicate enhanced platelet activation,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the coagulation–fibrinolytic system with worsening disease severity.Conclusions:Significant hematologic and coagulation abnormalities were present in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.For better maternal-fetal outcomes and early management,routine monitoring is essential.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to varying degrees of abnormal glucose metabolism that occur during pregnancy and excludes patients pre-viously diagnosed with diabetes.GDM is a unique among the four subtypes ...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to varying degrees of abnormal glucose metabolism that occur during pregnancy and excludes patients pre-viously diagnosed with diabetes.GDM is a unique among the four subtypes of diabetes classified by the international World Health Organization standards.Although GDM patients constitute a small proportion of the total number of diabetes cases,the incidence of GDM has risen significantly over the past decade,posing substantial risk to pregnant women and infants.Therefore,it warrants considerable attention.The pathogenesis of GDM is generally considered to resemble that of type II diabetes,though it may have distinct characteristics.Analyzing blood biochemical proteins in the context of GDM can help elucidate its pathogenesis,thereby facilitating more effective prevention and management strategies.This article reviews this critical clinical issue to enhance the medical community's sufficient understanding of GDM.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on an article by Wang et al.Recent literature shows an increase in research on pelvic organ prolapse(POP).Although the true incidence of POP remains uncertain,its impact on quality of life...In this editorial,we comment on an article by Wang et al.Recent literature shows an increase in research on pelvic organ prolapse(POP).Although the true incidence of POP remains uncertain,its impact on quality of life is substantial.Anatomical studies report high incidence rates,surpassing those observed in symptom-based surveys.Weakness of the endopelvic fascia is a primary anatomical risk factor for POP.Additionally,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)has emerged as a growing concern,as poor glycemic control increases complications for both mother and fetus.GDM and POP are interconnected,with factors like maternal obesity,macrosomia,and hormonal changes exacerbating pelvic floor dysfunction.Modifiable risk factors,such as obesity and chronic hyperglycemia,along with multiparity,instrumental deliveries,and obstetric trauma,further increase susceptibility.For patients with GDM,gynecological exams,Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging,and pelvic floor ultrasonography are valuable diagnostics,with proctological exams and magnetic resonance defecography aiding in multi-compartment prolapse diagnoses.Imaging,though uncomfortable during pregnancy,is safe in the early postpartum period.This editorial emphasizes the need for further research on the pathophysiology of GDM-related POP and offers recommendations for improving diagnosis and clinical management of patients with GDM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early preventi...BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management,especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province,China,where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.AIM To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province,providing essential data for early prevention strategies.METHODS A multi-center retrospective study was conducted,dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria.Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou.Various demographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.RESULTS Among the 103629 deliveries,18957 cases of GDM were identified,with an incidence of approximately 18.3%.The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups.The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities.Key risk factors identified included older age(especially>35 years),higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),light physical activity,gravidity,family history of diabetes,hemoglobin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin.Protective factors included higher education level,total protein,and albumin.There were also differences based on blood type,with type A associated with higher risk.CONCLUSION The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%.Older age(especially>35 years),Han ethnicity,lower education level,higher pre-pregnancy BMI,light physical activity,and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM.Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin,higher liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin),and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM.Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.展开更多
Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)...Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)risk.Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted.ABO blood types were determined using the slide method...Objective To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)risk.Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted.ABO blood types were determined using the slide method.GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g,2-h oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups.Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)between ABO blood types and GDM risk.Results A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study.The ABO blood types distribution was:type O(30.99%),type A(26.58%),type B(32.20%),and type AB(10.23%).GDM was identified in 14.44%of participants.Using blood type O as a reference,GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A(OR=1.05)or B(OR=1.04).However,women with type AB had a 19%increased risk of GDM(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.05–1.34;P<0.05),even after adjusting for various factors.This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk,with type AB associated with a higher risk.Incorporating it—either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors—could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.展开更多
The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and ab...The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls.Although these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.Furthermore,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics analysis.The study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for GDM.Predicting GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical relevance.Despite its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Food insecurity(FI)during pregnancy negatively impacts maternal health and raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),resulting in adverse outcomes for both...BACKGROUND Food insecurity(FI)during pregnancy negatively impacts maternal health and raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),resulting in adverse outcomes for both mother and baby.AIM To investigate the relationships between FI and pregnancy outcomes,particularly GDM and PIH,while also examining the mediating role of the dietary diversity score(DDS).METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken to examine this relationship,involving 600 pregnant women.Participants were women aged 18 years or older who provided complete data on FI and pregnancy outcomes.The FI was measured via the Household Food Security Survey Module,with GDM defined as fasting plasma glucose levels of≥5.1 mmol/L or a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test value of≥8.5 mmol/L.The DDS is determined by evaluating one's food consumption based on nine distinct food groups.A logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between FI and PIH,and GDM.RESULTS Seventeen percent of participants reported experiencing FI during pregnancy.The study found a significant association between FI and an elevated risk of GDM[odds ratio(OR)=3.32,95%CI:1.2-5.4].Once more,food-insecure pregnant women had higher rates of PIH(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.02-0.45)and they also faced a higher likelihood of neonatal complications,such as neonatal intensive care unit’s admissions and the birth of infants with extremely low birth weight.The FI wasfurther linked to metabolic disruptions,such as elevated fasting blood sugar(FBS),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and triglyceride levels.Our results indicate that the DDS acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between FI and the incidence of GDM.In particular,the mediation analysis showed that approximately 65%of the effect was mediated through DDS(P=0.002).CONCLUSION These findings underscore the serious challenges that FI presents during pregnancy and its effects on maternal and infant health.Additionally,the study explored how DDS mediates the relationship between FI and the incidence of GDM.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the complications of preterm twins versus singletons and analyze differences across gestational ages.Preterm twins delivered between 2 March 2022 and 6 November 2022 were compared to an age...This study aimed to compare the complications of preterm twins versus singletons and analyze differences across gestational ages.Preterm twins delivered between 2 March 2022 and 6 November 2022 were compared to an age-matched control group of singletons,involving 65 twins and 103 singletons.The most common complication in premature infants was neonatal jaundice(87.72%),followed by patent foramen ovale(79.76%)and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)(57.14%).Twins had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1,5,and 10 minutes compared to singletons.However,twins showed a higher incidence of ventricular septal defect(VSD)(7.69%)than singletons,with a statistically significant difference.In contrast,twins exhibited significantly lower rates of neonatal jaundice(78.46%),electrolyte imbalance(18.4%),and acid-base imbalance(9.23%)compared to singletons.Furthermore,as gestational age increased,the incidence of intrauterine infection,electrolyte and acid-base imbalances,neonatal coagulation disorders,patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),anemia,and NRDS in preterm infants gradually decreased,with all differences reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and timely management of complications in premature infants to prevent severe outcomes.展开更多
Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rod...Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents,primates,swine and sheep,and thus may support fetal development.This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine(Cr)to gestating gilts on fetal development,the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers,and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle,respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation.Methods Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix,observed for estrus(d 0),and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later.Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14%crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts.Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control(CON)group,or Cr supplemented group(provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily)from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.These protocols were completed in two replicates,as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter(n=20 gilts/replicate).Litter size,crown-rump length,sex,and fetal weight was recorded.Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain,kidney,liver,spleen,and biceps-femoris muscle.Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment,days of gestation,replicate,and sex on litter size,fetal measurements,and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction.Results Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation(P<0.05)and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation(P<0.01),while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria(P<0.05).Conclusions Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.展开更多
Background: Some studies have indicated a potential link between a history of induced abortion (IA) and the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the relationship is not fully understood, and the...Background: Some studies have indicated a potential link between a history of induced abortion (IA) and the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the relationship is not fully understood, and the aim of this study was to further elucidate the association. Methods: The case-control study was conducted at 2 hospitals in central China from April 2018 to October 2020. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Information on history of IA was obtained through a face-to-face interview. Results: Among 396 GDM cases and 904 controls, the proportion of participants with history of IA in the case group was 30.6%, which was higher than that in the control group (23.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). After adjusting for potential confounders, women with a history of IA had an increased subsequent risk of GDM compared with women without (OR, 1.24, 95% CI, 1.10 - 1.40, p = 0.002). The subsequent risk of GDM in pregnant women increased as the number of previous IAs increased (p for trend was equal to 0.004). Stratified analysis showed that women with a history of medical abortion (OR, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.62, p = 0.048) or surgical abortion (OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04 - 1.38, p = 0.024) both had an increased subsequent risk of GDM compared with women without. Conclusion: History of IA, either medical or surgical, was related to an increased risk of GDM in subsequent pregnancy. The greater the number of previous IAs, the greater the subsequent risk of GDM.展开更多
The current study aims to identify potential metabolic biomarkers that predict the progression to prediabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).We constructed a prediabetes group(n=42)and a...The current study aims to identify potential metabolic biomarkers that predict the progression to prediabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).We constructed a prediabetes group(n=42)and a control group(n=40)based on a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test for women with a history of GDM from six weeks to six months postpartum,and collected their clinical data and biochemical test results.We performed the plasma metabolomics analysis of the subjects at the fasting and 2-h post-load time points using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).We found that the prediabetes group was older and had higher 2-h post-load glucose levels during pregnancy than the control group.The metabolomic analysis identified 164 differential metabolites between the groups.Compared with the control group,15 metabolites in the prediabetes group exhibited consistent change trends at both time points,including three increased and 12 decreased metabolites.By building a prediction model of the progression from GDM to prediabetes,we found that a combination of three clinical markers yielded an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.71(95%confidence interval[CI],0.60–0.82).We also assessed the discriminative power of the panel of 15 metabolites for distinguishing between postpartum prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance of the subjects at the fasting(AUC,0.98;95%CI,0.94–1.00)and 2-h post-load(AUC,0.99;95%CI,0.97–1.00)time points.The metabolic pathway analysis indicated that energy metabolism and branched-chain amino acids played a role in prediabetes development in women with a history of GDM during the early postpartum period.In conclusion,this study identified potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways associated with the progression from GDM to prediabetes in the early postpartum period.A panel of 15 metabolites showed promising discriminative power for distinguishing between postpartum prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance.These findings provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of this transition and suggest the feasibility of developing a metabolic profiling test for the early identification of women at high risk of prediabetes following GDM.展开更多
Objective:To explore the correlation between fetal foot length measured by ultrasound and gestational age.Methods:This study employed ultrasound to measure the fetal foot length,femoral length,and foot length/femoral ...Objective:To explore the correlation between fetal foot length measured by ultrasound and gestational age.Methods:This study employed ultrasound to measure the fetal foot length,femoral length,and foot length/femoral length ratio in 214 pregnant women from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation,all of whom had no pregnancy complications or obstetric complications,and whose fetuses were normal.Results:A significant positive correlation was found between fetal foot length and gestational age(r=0.967,p<0.001);a similarly significant positive correlation was observed between fetal femoral length and gestational age(r=0.972,p<0.001);and a non-significant positive correlation was noted between the foot length/femoral length ratio and gestational age(r=0.943,p<0.001).Conclusion:Ultrasound can accurately measure fetal foot length and femoral length,both of which exhibit a significant positive correlation with gestational age,making them important reference indicators for assessing fetal growth and development.展开更多
文摘China will be the last virginsoil for the rapid growth of world brands "China will be the last virgin soil for the rapid growth of world brands." predicted Li Guangdou, a famous marketing expert of China. However, the reality is far from being so optimistic. Across the world, the mark "Made in China"
基金jointly supported by grants from the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012BAD39B00)State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition(2004DA125184F1305)+2 种基金the NSFC(307005793110173031110103909)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of catechins on reproductive performance, antioxidative capacity and immune function of gestating sows. A total of 60 cross-bred（Landrace × Large White） multiparious sows were blocked by body weight, parity and backfact and randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments: 0.100,200,300, or 400 mg/kg catechins. Dietary treatments were imposed from mating to d 40 of gestation of sows. At farrowing, litter total born, born alive, dead, and normal-（healthy piglets,>0.85 kg） and low-birth weight piglets（<0.85 kg） were recorded. Within 3.00 ± 0.50 days after farrowing litter size was standardized to 8,00 ± 1.50 piglets within treatment. The piglets were weighed at birth（d 1） and weaning（d 28）. Sows serum samples were obtained from blood samples collected on d 40 of gestation for analyses of glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）,malondialdehyde（MDA）, hydrogen peroxide（H2 O2）, nitric oxide synthetase（NOS） and nitrogen monoxide（NO）. Our results showed that supplementation of catechins at levels of 200 or 300 mg/kg led to improvements in litter born alive（P < 0.01） and piglet born healthy（P < 0.01） and a decrease in stillborn（P < 0.05） at farrowing when compared with the control. In comparison with the control, catechins at any supplemental levels all enhanced the serum SOD（P < 0.05） and CAT（P < 0.01） activities of sows at farrowing but no obvious differences in the serum GSH-Px and NOS activities were observed in this trial（P > 0.05）. Sows received 200 mg catechin per kg diets showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of the serum MDA level at farrowing compared with all other treatments. Sows received all the levels of catechin showed a reduction（P < 0.05） of serum H2 O2 level compared with sows received the control diet on both d 40 of gestation and farrowing. Our results demonstrated that the catechins may be a potential antioxidant to increase the reproductive performance and antioxidative capacity of sows when it was added into diets during the early gestation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2021YFD1300202)Bureau of Animal husbandry of Ministry of Agriculture,PRC(16190294).
文摘An accurate estimation of net energy(NE)of wheat bran is essential for precision feeding of sows.However,the effects of inclusion level on NE of wheat bran have not been reported.Inclusion level was hypothesized to impact NE of wheat bran by regulating gut microbiota and partitioning of heat production.Therefore,twelve multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;2 to 4 parity)were assigned to a replicated 3×6 Youden square with 3 successive periods and 6 diets in each square.The experiment included a corn-soybean meal diet(WB0)and five diets including 9.8%(WB10),19.5%(WB20),29.2%(WB30),39.0%(WB40)and 48.7%wheat bran(WB50),respectively.Each period included 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 6 d for heat production measurement using open-circuit respiration chambers.Compared with other groups,WB30,WB40,and WB50 enriched different fiber-degrading bacteria genera(P<0.05).Apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of wheat bran were greater in WB30 and WB40(P<0.05).Physical activity(standing and sitting)decreased as inclusion level increased(P=0.04),which tended to decrease related heat production(P=0.07).Thermic effect of feeding(TEF)was higher in WB50 than other treatments(P<0.01).Metabolizable energy of wheat bran was similar among treatment groups(except for WB10).NE of wheat bran conformed to a quadratic regression equation with inclusion level(R^(2)=0.99,P<0.01)and peaked at an inclusion level of 35.3%.In conclusion,increasing inclusion level decreased energy expenditure of sows on physical activity and promoted growth of fiber-degrading bacteria,which improved energy utilization of fiber.Fermentation of wheat bran fiber by Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 and norank_f_Paludibacteraceae might increase TEF.Consequently,sows utilized energy in wheat bran most efficiently at an inclusion level of 35.3%.
基金funded by the Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucıa(PI-0395-2016)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement(No.101027215)+1 种基金supported by the PLACENTRAINING project,funded through the FEDER-UGR23 funding call(European Regional Development Fund University of Granada programGrant No.C-EXP-336UGR23)。
文摘Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise intervention from gestational Week 17 until birth on key cytokines involved in placental development and function.Secondary aims were to explore:(a)the moderating effects of fetal sex and maternal weight status;and(b)whether gestational weight gain,lifestyle behaviors(diet,sleep patterns,and physical activity),and physical fitness(strength and cardiorespiratory fitness)mediated the effects of exercise on placental cytokines.Methods:Seventy-six pregnant women(33±4 years,mean±SD),divided into exercise(n=40)and control(n=36)groups,participated in this study.The exercise group followed a 60-min,3 days/week(aerobic+resistance)training program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity.Placental cytokines—including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),plateletderived growth factor AA(PDGF-AA),epidermal growth factor(EGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),fractalkine,interleukin(IL)-8,IL-6,IL-1β,interleukin 1-receptor antagonist(IL-1ra),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)were analyzed using Luminex multi-analyte profiling(x MAP)technology.Results:The exercise group presented higher placental levels of G-CSF and lower concentrations of EGF and IL-1ra than the control group(p<0.05).Significant effects of exercise on placental G-CSF and TNF-a(p<0.05)and a trend toward lower IL-6(p=0.08)were observed only in female placentas.Additionally,a reduction in weight gain partially mediated the effects of exercise on G-CSF(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal exercise during pregnancy is related to increased placental levels of G-CSF and lower EGF and IL-1ra levels.Some exercise-induced effects are observed exclusively in female placentas,including increased G-CSF and lower TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations.Notably,the increased levels of G-CSF observed with exercise might be due to a more adequate gestational weight gain.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011703).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect of personalized nutritional support in elderly women with gestational diabetes(GDM),and explore its impact on the incidence of maternal complications and pregnancy outcomes.Methods:A total of 90 elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were delivered in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group only received routine pregnancy care and basic nutrition guidance,while the observation group received personalized nutrition support on this basis.Compare the blood glucose control,incidence of pregnancy complications,pregnancy outcomes,and neonatal outcomes between two groups of parturient.Result:After intervention,the fasting blood glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.05);The incidence of complications such as gestational hypertension syndrome,polyhydramnios,premature rupture of membranes,and postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);The cesarean section rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes such as fetal distress,macrosomia,neonatal asphyxia,and neonatal hypoglycemia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistical significance(p<0.05).Conclusion:Individualized nutritional support for elderly women with gestational diabetes can effectively improve the level of maternal blood sugar control,reduce the incidence of complications during pregnancy,and improve the outcome of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes,which is of high clinical value.
文摘Objective:To evaluate and compare coagulation and hematological parameters in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.Methods:This present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics&Gynaecology at Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College,Hospital&Research Centre,Pimpri,Pune,India from September 2023 to March 2025.Hematological parameters[platelet count,mean platelet volume(MPV),platelet distribution width(PDW)]were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer,while coagulation parameters[prothrombin time(PT)/international normalised ratio,activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),and D-dimer]were assessed by standard automated assays.Results were compared between normotensive and hypertensive groups and correlated with disease severity.Results:The study included 212 antenatal females,with 106 normotensive pregnant women and 106 hypertensive women.Hypertensive women include cases of gestational hypertension(n=55);mild preeclampsia(n=39),and severe preeclampsia(n=12).A significant progressive decrease in platelet count and significant increases in MPV,PDW,PT,aPTT,and D-dimer levels were associated with increasing severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.001).Women with severe preeclampsia had the lowest mean platelet counts and the highest coagulation parameter values compared to women with gestational hypertension,mild preeclampsia,and normotensive pregnancies.These findings indicate enhanced platelet activation,endothelial dysfunction,and activation of the coagulation–fibrinolytic system with worsening disease severity.Conclusions:Significant hematologic and coagulation abnormalities were present in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.For better maternal-fetal outcomes and early management,routine monitoring is essential.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32060182Qiannan Prefecture Science and Technology Plan Project in China:Qiannan Kehe She Zi[2022]No.1.
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to varying degrees of abnormal glucose metabolism that occur during pregnancy and excludes patients pre-viously diagnosed with diabetes.GDM is a unique among the four subtypes of diabetes classified by the international World Health Organization standards.Although GDM patients constitute a small proportion of the total number of diabetes cases,the incidence of GDM has risen significantly over the past decade,posing substantial risk to pregnant women and infants.Therefore,it warrants considerable attention.The pathogenesis of GDM is generally considered to resemble that of type II diabetes,though it may have distinct characteristics.Analyzing blood biochemical proteins in the context of GDM can help elucidate its pathogenesis,thereby facilitating more effective prevention and management strategies.This article reviews this critical clinical issue to enhance the medical community's sufficient understanding of GDM.
基金Supported by Maulana Azad National Fellowship,University Grants Commission,New Delhi,and Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi,No.AS[82-27/2019(SA III)]DBT-BUILDER-University of Lucknow Interdisciplinary Life Science Programme for Advance Research and Education(Level II),No.TG(BT/INF/22/SP47623/2022).
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a metabolic disorder,recognised during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.GDM is linked with adverse newborn outcomes such as macrosomia,premature delivery,metabolic disorder,cardiovascular,and neurological disorders.Recent investigations have focused on the correlation of genetic factors such asβ-cell function and insulin secretary genes(transcription factor 7 like 2,potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 1,adipo-nectin etc.)on maternal metabolism during gestation leading to GDM.Epigenetic alterations like DNA methylation,histone modification,and miRNA expression can influence gene expression and play a dominant role in feto-maternal meta-bolic pathways.Interactions between genes and environment,resulting in differ-ential gene expression patterns may lead to GDM.Researchers suggested that GDM women are more susceptible to insulin resistance,which alters intrauterine surroundings,resulting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Epigenetic modi-fications in genes affecting neuroendocrine activities,and metabolism,increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring.There is currently no treatment or effective preventive method for GDM,since the molecular processes of insulin resistance are not well understood.The present review was undertaken to un-derstand the pathophysiology of GDM and its effects on adverse neonatal out-comes.In addition,the study of genetic and epigenetic alterations will provide lead to researchers in the search for predictive molecular biomarkers.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on an article by Wang et al.Recent literature shows an increase in research on pelvic organ prolapse(POP).Although the true incidence of POP remains uncertain,its impact on quality of life is substantial.Anatomical studies report high incidence rates,surpassing those observed in symptom-based surveys.Weakness of the endopelvic fascia is a primary anatomical risk factor for POP.Additionally,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)has emerged as a growing concern,as poor glycemic control increases complications for both mother and fetus.GDM and POP are interconnected,with factors like maternal obesity,macrosomia,and hormonal changes exacerbating pelvic floor dysfunction.Modifiable risk factors,such as obesity and chronic hyperglycemia,along with multiparity,instrumental deliveries,and obstetric trauma,further increase susceptibility.For patients with GDM,gynecological exams,Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging,and pelvic floor ultrasonography are valuable diagnostics,with proctological exams and magnetic resonance defecography aiding in multi-compartment prolapse diagnoses.Imaging,though uncomfortable during pregnancy,is safe in the early postpartum period.This editorial emphasizes the need for further research on the pathophysiology of GDM-related POP and offers recommendations for improving diagnosis and clinical management of patients with GDM.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81960284Science and Technology Support Program of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province,No.Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng[2022]Yi Ban 183.
文摘BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management,especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province,China,where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.AIM To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province,providing essential data for early prevention strategies.METHODS A multi-center retrospective study was conducted,dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria.Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou.Various demographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.RESULTS Among the 103629 deliveries,18957 cases of GDM were identified,with an incidence of approximately 18.3%.The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups.The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities.Key risk factors identified included older age(especially>35 years),higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),light physical activity,gravidity,family history of diabetes,hemoglobin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin.Protective factors included higher education level,total protein,and albumin.There were also differences based on blood type,with type A associated with higher risk.CONCLUSION The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%.Older age(especially>35 years),Han ethnicity,lower education level,higher pre-pregnancy BMI,light physical activity,and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM.Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin,higher liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin),and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM.Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.
基金financially supported by the Adisseo Innovation Research Center for Nutrition and Health(060–2222319005)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2023NSFSC1135)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972603)。
文摘Background Previous evidence suggests that methionine(Met)consumption can promote placental angiogenesis and improve fetal survival.To investigate the mechanisms by which increased levels of Met as hydroxyl-Met(OHMet)improve placental function,forty sows were divided into four groups and fed either a control diet,or diets supplemented with 0.15%OHMet,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met(n=10).Placentas were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted proteins were analyzed by tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomic analysis.Results We found that 0.15%OHMet consumption significantly increased placental vascular density compared with the control.Proteomic analysis identified 5,136 proteins,87 of these were differentially expressed(P<0.05,|fold change|>1.2).Enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for 0.15%OHMet vs.control and 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%OHMet were glutathione metabolism;for 0.15%OHMet vs.0.3%Met,they were NOD-like receptor signaling and apoptosis.Further analysis revealed that 0.15%OHMet supplementation upregulated the protein expression of glutathione-S-transferase(GSTT1)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the control and 0.3%OHMet groups,upregulated thioredoxin(TXN)in placentas and trophoblast cells compared with the 0.3%OHMet and 0.3%Met groups,and decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in trophoblast cells compared with other groups.In contrast,sows fed 0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met diets increased placental interleukin 1βlevels compared with the control,and upregulated the protein expression of complex I-B9(NDUFA3)compared with the 0.15%OHMet group.Furthermore,homocysteine,an intermediate in the trans-sulphuration pathway of Met,damaged placental function by inhibiting the protein expression of TXN,leading to apoptosis and ROS production.Conclusion Although dietary 0.15%OHMet supplementation improved placental angiogenesis and increased antioxidative capacity,0.3%OHMet or 0.3%Met supplementation impaired placental function by aggravating inflammation and oxidative stress,which is associated with cumulative homocysteine levels.
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2024-2G-2118)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000101)+2 种基金the Leading Talents in the Construction Project of High-Level Public Health Technical Talents in Beijing(2022-1-003)the“Green Seedling”Youth Program by the Beijing Hospitals Authority(QML20231402)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by the Beijing Association for Science and Technology(BYESS2022200)。
文摘Objective To investigate the association between ABO blood types and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)risk.Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted.ABO blood types were determined using the slide method.GDM diagnosis was based on a 75-g,2-h oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups.Logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)between ABO blood types and GDM risk.Results A total of 30,740 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.81 years were enrolled in this study.The ABO blood types distribution was:type O(30.99%),type A(26.58%),type B(32.20%),and type AB(10.23%).GDM was identified in 14.44%of participants.Using blood type O as a reference,GDM risk was not significantly higher for types A(OR=1.05)or B(OR=1.04).However,women with type AB had a 19%increased risk of GDM(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.05–1.34;P<0.05),even after adjusting for various factors.This increased risk for type AB was consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The ABO blood types may influence GDM risk,with type AB associated with a higher risk.Incorporating it—either as a single risk factor or in combination with other known factors—could help identify individuals at risk for GDM before or during early pregnancy.
文摘The study by Cao et al aimed to identify early second-trimester biomarkers that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)development using advanced proteomic techniques,such as Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Their analysis revealed 47 differentially expressed proteins in the GDM group,with retinol-binding protein 4 and angiopoietin-like 8 showing significantly elevated serum levels compared to controls.Although these findings are promising,the study is limited by its small sample size(n=4 per group)and lacks essential details on the reproducibility and reliability of the protein quantification methods used.Furthermore,the absence of experimental validation weakens the interpretation of the protein-protein interaction network identified through bioinformatics analysis.The study's focus on second-trimester biomarkers raises concerns about whether this is a sufficiently early period to implement preventive interventions for GDM.Predicting GDM risk during the first trimester or pre-conceptional period may offer more clinical relevance.Despite its limitations,the study presents valuable insights into potential GDM biomarkers,but larger,well-validated studies are needed to establish their predictive utility and generalizability.
基金The research received approval from Children’s Hospital of Shanxi Committee (Approval Number:KLT6230511).
文摘BACKGROUND Food insecurity(FI)during pregnancy negatively impacts maternal health and raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),resulting in adverse outcomes for both mother and baby.AIM To investigate the relationships between FI and pregnancy outcomes,particularly GDM and PIH,while also examining the mediating role of the dietary diversity score(DDS).METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken to examine this relationship,involving 600 pregnant women.Participants were women aged 18 years or older who provided complete data on FI and pregnancy outcomes.The FI was measured via the Household Food Security Survey Module,with GDM defined as fasting plasma glucose levels of≥5.1 mmol/L or a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test value of≥8.5 mmol/L.The DDS is determined by evaluating one's food consumption based on nine distinct food groups.A logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between FI and PIH,and GDM.RESULTS Seventeen percent of participants reported experiencing FI during pregnancy.The study found a significant association between FI and an elevated risk of GDM[odds ratio(OR)=3.32,95%CI:1.2-5.4].Once more,food-insecure pregnant women had higher rates of PIH(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.02-0.45)and they also faced a higher likelihood of neonatal complications,such as neonatal intensive care unit’s admissions and the birth of infants with extremely low birth weight.The FI wasfurther linked to metabolic disruptions,such as elevated fasting blood sugar(FBS),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and triglyceride levels.Our results indicate that the DDS acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between FI and the incidence of GDM.In particular,the mediation analysis showed that approximately 65%of the effect was mediated through DDS(P=0.002).CONCLUSION These findings underscore the serious challenges that FI presents during pregnancy and its effects on maternal and infant health.Additionally,the study explored how DDS mediates the relationship between FI and the incidence of GDM.
文摘This study aimed to compare the complications of preterm twins versus singletons and analyze differences across gestational ages.Preterm twins delivered between 2 March 2022 and 6 November 2022 were compared to an age-matched control group of singletons,involving 65 twins and 103 singletons.The most common complication in premature infants was neonatal jaundice(87.72%),followed by patent foramen ovale(79.76%)and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)(57.14%).Twins had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1,5,and 10 minutes compared to singletons.However,twins showed a higher incidence of ventricular septal defect(VSD)(7.69%)than singletons,with a statistically significant difference.In contrast,twins exhibited significantly lower rates of neonatal jaundice(78.46%),electrolyte imbalance(18.4%),and acid-base imbalance(9.23%)compared to singletons.Furthermore,as gestational age increased,the incidence of intrauterine infection,electrolyte and acid-base imbalances,neonatal coagulation disorders,patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),anemia,and NRDS in preterm infants gradually decreased,with all differences reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).These findings highlight the importance of close monitoring and timely management of complications in premature infants to prevent severe outcomes.
基金supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no.2022–67015-36376 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
文摘Background The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine(Cr-CK-PCr)system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents,primates,swine and sheep,and thus may support fetal development.This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine(Cr)to gestating gilts on fetal development,the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers,and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle,respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation.Methods Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix,observed for estrus(d 0),and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later.Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14%crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts.Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control(CON)group,or Cr supplemented group(provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily)from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation.These protocols were completed in two replicates,as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter(n=20 gilts/replicate).Litter size,crown-rump length,sex,and fetal weight was recorded.Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain,kidney,liver,spleen,and biceps-femoris muscle.Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment,days of gestation,replicate,and sex on litter size,fetal measurements,and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction.Results Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation(P<0.05)and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation(P<0.01),while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria(P<0.05).Conclusions Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.
文摘Background: Some studies have indicated a potential link between a history of induced abortion (IA) and the subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the relationship is not fully understood, and the aim of this study was to further elucidate the association. Methods: The case-control study was conducted at 2 hospitals in central China from April 2018 to October 2020. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Information on history of IA was obtained through a face-to-face interview. Results: Among 396 GDM cases and 904 controls, the proportion of participants with history of IA in the case group was 30.6%, which was higher than that in the control group (23.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). After adjusting for potential confounders, women with a history of IA had an increased subsequent risk of GDM compared with women without (OR, 1.24, 95% CI, 1.10 - 1.40, p = 0.002). The subsequent risk of GDM in pregnant women increased as the number of previous IAs increased (p for trend was equal to 0.004). Stratified analysis showed that women with a history of medical abortion (OR, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.62, p = 0.048) or surgical abortion (OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04 - 1.38, p = 0.024) both had an increased subsequent risk of GDM compared with women without. Conclusion: History of IA, either medical or surgical, was related to an increased risk of GDM in subsequent pregnancy. The greater the number of previous IAs, the greater the subsequent risk of GDM.
基金supported by Key Medical Research Projects of Jiangsu Commission of Health(Grant No.ZD2022023).
文摘The current study aims to identify potential metabolic biomarkers that predict the progression to prediabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).We constructed a prediabetes group(n=42)and a control group(n=40)based on a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test for women with a history of GDM from six weeks to six months postpartum,and collected their clinical data and biochemical test results.We performed the plasma metabolomics analysis of the subjects at the fasting and 2-h post-load time points using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).We found that the prediabetes group was older and had higher 2-h post-load glucose levels during pregnancy than the control group.The metabolomic analysis identified 164 differential metabolites between the groups.Compared with the control group,15 metabolites in the prediabetes group exhibited consistent change trends at both time points,including three increased and 12 decreased metabolites.By building a prediction model of the progression from GDM to prediabetes,we found that a combination of three clinical markers yielded an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.71(95%confidence interval[CI],0.60–0.82).We also assessed the discriminative power of the panel of 15 metabolites for distinguishing between postpartum prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance of the subjects at the fasting(AUC,0.98;95%CI,0.94–1.00)and 2-h post-load(AUC,0.99;95%CI,0.97–1.00)time points.The metabolic pathway analysis indicated that energy metabolism and branched-chain amino acids played a role in prediabetes development in women with a history of GDM during the early postpartum period.In conclusion,this study identified potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways associated with the progression from GDM to prediabetes in the early postpartum period.A panel of 15 metabolites showed promising discriminative power for distinguishing between postpartum prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance.These findings provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of this transition and suggest the feasibility of developing a metabolic profiling test for the early identification of women at high risk of prediabetes following GDM.
文摘Objective:To explore the correlation between fetal foot length measured by ultrasound and gestational age.Methods:This study employed ultrasound to measure the fetal foot length,femoral length,and foot length/femoral length ratio in 214 pregnant women from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation,all of whom had no pregnancy complications or obstetric complications,and whose fetuses were normal.Results:A significant positive correlation was found between fetal foot length and gestational age(r=0.967,p<0.001);a similarly significant positive correlation was observed between fetal femoral length and gestational age(r=0.972,p<0.001);and a non-significant positive correlation was noted between the foot length/femoral length ratio and gestational age(r=0.943,p<0.001).Conclusion:Ultrasound can accurately measure fetal foot length and femoral length,both of which exhibit a significant positive correlation with gestational age,making them important reference indicators for assessing fetal growth and development.
