Exercise is widely recognized for its extensive health benefits,ranging from cardiovascular protection to improved metabolic function and immune regulation.However,exercise-induced physiological adaptations are highly...Exercise is widely recognized for its extensive health benefits,ranging from cardiovascular protection to improved metabolic function and immune regulation.However,exercise-induced physiological adaptations are highly dependent on duration and frequency(Sanford et al.,2020).While acute exercise(AE)rapidly activates metabolic and immune responses(Mo Tr PAC Study Group et al.,2024),long-term exercise(LE)brings profound and systemic benefits,such as enhanced immunity,tissue regeneration,improved neuroplasticity,and cognitive function,optimized skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity,and alleviation of chronic inflammation(De Miguel et al.,2021).展开更多
Tissue engineering has yet to reach its ideal goal,i.e.creating profitable off-theshelf tissues and organs,designing scaffolds and three-dimensional tissue architectures that can maintain the blood supply,proper bioma...Tissue engineering has yet to reach its ideal goal,i.e.creating profitable off-theshelf tissues and organs,designing scaffolds and three-dimensional tissue architectures that can maintain the blood supply,proper biomaterial selection,and identifying the most efficient cell source for use in cell therapy and tissue engineering.These are still the major challenges in this field.Regarding the identification of the most appropriate cell source,aging as a factor that affects both somatic and stem cells and limits their function and applications is a preventable and,at least to some extents,a reversible phenomenon.Here,we reviewed different stem cell types,namely embryonic stem cells,adult stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and genetically modified stem cells,as well as their sources,i.e.autologous,allogeneic,and xenogeneic sources.Afterward,we approached aging by discussing the functional decline of aged stem cells and different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are involved in stem cell aging including replicative senescence and Hayflick limit,autophagy,epigenetic changes,miRNAs,mTOR and AMPK pathways,and the role of mitochondria in stem cell senescence.Finally,various interventions for rejuvenation and geroprotection of stem cells are discussed.These interventions can be applied in cell therapy and tissue engineering methods to conquer aging as a limiting factor,both in original cell source and in the in vitro proliferated cells.展开更多
(The Innovation 4,100380;January 30,2023)In the originally published version of this article,we,the authors,inadvertently included the wrong image for the aged group in Figure 5A(spinal vGM column).This does not affec...(The Innovation 4,100380;January 30,2023)In the originally published version of this article,we,the authors,inadvertently included the wrong image for the aged group in Figure 5A(spinal vGM column).This does not affect the discussions or conclusions of the paper,and we deeply regret this oversight.The correct figure has been incorporated in the original paper online.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271226,31971097,32070751 and 31871435)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803801)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai outstanding academic leaders plan(21XD1403200)the Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences(Shanghai University of Sport),Ministry of Education。
文摘Exercise is widely recognized for its extensive health benefits,ranging from cardiovascular protection to improved metabolic function and immune regulation.However,exercise-induced physiological adaptations are highly dependent on duration and frequency(Sanford et al.,2020).While acute exercise(AE)rapidly activates metabolic and immune responses(Mo Tr PAC Study Group et al.,2024),long-term exercise(LE)brings profound and systemic benefits,such as enhanced immunity,tissue regeneration,improved neuroplasticity,and cognitive function,optimized skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity,and alleviation of chronic inflammation(De Miguel et al.,2021).
文摘Tissue engineering has yet to reach its ideal goal,i.e.creating profitable off-theshelf tissues and organs,designing scaffolds and three-dimensional tissue architectures that can maintain the blood supply,proper biomaterial selection,and identifying the most efficient cell source for use in cell therapy and tissue engineering.These are still the major challenges in this field.Regarding the identification of the most appropriate cell source,aging as a factor that affects both somatic and stem cells and limits their function and applications is a preventable and,at least to some extents,a reversible phenomenon.Here,we reviewed different stem cell types,namely embryonic stem cells,adult stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,and genetically modified stem cells,as well as their sources,i.e.autologous,allogeneic,and xenogeneic sources.Afterward,we approached aging by discussing the functional decline of aged stem cells and different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are involved in stem cell aging including replicative senescence and Hayflick limit,autophagy,epigenetic changes,miRNAs,mTOR and AMPK pathways,and the role of mitochondria in stem cell senescence.Finally,various interventions for rejuvenation and geroprotection of stem cells are discussed.These interventions can be applied in cell therapy and tissue engineering methods to conquer aging as a limiting factor,both in original cell source and in the in vitro proliferated cells.
文摘(The Innovation 4,100380;January 30,2023)In the originally published version of this article,we,the authors,inadvertently included the wrong image for the aged group in Figure 5A(spinal vGM column).This does not affect the discussions or conclusions of the paper,and we deeply regret this oversight.The correct figure has been incorporated in the original paper online.
