We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 ...We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.展开更多
Considering the importance of fractured rock aquifers in the hydrogeologic process,this research aimed to analyze the flow regime,internal degree of karstification,and estimate storage volume in fractured rock aquifer...Considering the importance of fractured rock aquifers in the hydrogeologic process,this research aimed to analyze the flow regime,internal degree of karstification,and estimate storage volume in fractured rock aquifers of the Germi Chai Basin in northwest Iran,which is attributed to its active tectonics,erosion,and the lithological diversity.Given the geological setting,the hypothesis is that this basin is characterized by a high degree of karstification and diffuse or intermediate flow regime leading to variation in discharge flow rate.The hydrodynamic and hadrochemical analysis was conducted on 9 well distributed springs across the basin from 2019 to 2020.The maximum flow rate in most of the springs appeared in the early wet season despite their different levels of fluctuations on the monthly discharge time series.Analyzing the spring recession curve form revealed an aquifer containing multiple micro-regimes withαrecession coefficients and a degree of karstification ranging between 0.001 to 0.06 and 0.55 to 2.61,respectively.These findings indicated a dominant diffuse and intermediate flow system resulting from the development of a high density of fractures in this area.The electrical conductivity of the spring changes inversely proportional to the change in flow discharge,indicating the reasonable hydrological response of the aquifer to rainfall events.Hydrograph analysis revealed that the delay time of spring discharge after rainfall events mostly varies between 10 to 30 days.The total dynamic storage volume of the spring for a given period(2019-2020)was estimated to be approximately 1324 million cubic meters reflecting the long-term drainage potential and high perdurability of dynamic storage.Estimating the maximum and minimum ratio revealed that the springs recharging system in Germi Chai Basin comes under the slow aquifers category.This finding provides valuable insight into the hydrogeological properties of fractured rock aquifers contributing to effective water management strategy.展开更多
滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡...滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡,从而诱发靶器官损伤。免疫系统和肾脏功能调控密切相关,免疫性肾小球疾病通常由免疫因子直接或间接介导,诱发免疫病理过程,最终导致肾脏损伤。Tfh是T、B淋巴细胞相互作用中的关键细胞,可在生发中心促进B淋巴细胞分化及自身抗体产生,针对Tfh的治疗策略可能有利于免疫性肾小球疾病的缓解和预后。本综述阐述Tfh的生物学特性、功能及其在免疫性肾小球疾病中的作用机制。展开更多
基金the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB)
文摘We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.
基金the Water and Wastewater Company of East Azarbaijan Province for providing the funding for this research
文摘Considering the importance of fractured rock aquifers in the hydrogeologic process,this research aimed to analyze the flow regime,internal degree of karstification,and estimate storage volume in fractured rock aquifers of the Germi Chai Basin in northwest Iran,which is attributed to its active tectonics,erosion,and the lithological diversity.Given the geological setting,the hypothesis is that this basin is characterized by a high degree of karstification and diffuse or intermediate flow regime leading to variation in discharge flow rate.The hydrodynamic and hadrochemical analysis was conducted on 9 well distributed springs across the basin from 2019 to 2020.The maximum flow rate in most of the springs appeared in the early wet season despite their different levels of fluctuations on the monthly discharge time series.Analyzing the spring recession curve form revealed an aquifer containing multiple micro-regimes withαrecession coefficients and a degree of karstification ranging between 0.001 to 0.06 and 0.55 to 2.61,respectively.These findings indicated a dominant diffuse and intermediate flow system resulting from the development of a high density of fractures in this area.The electrical conductivity of the spring changes inversely proportional to the change in flow discharge,indicating the reasonable hydrological response of the aquifer to rainfall events.Hydrograph analysis revealed that the delay time of spring discharge after rainfall events mostly varies between 10 to 30 days.The total dynamic storage volume of the spring for a given period(2019-2020)was estimated to be approximately 1324 million cubic meters reflecting the long-term drainage potential and high perdurability of dynamic storage.Estimating the maximum and minimum ratio revealed that the springs recharging system in Germi Chai Basin comes under the slow aquifers category.This finding provides valuable insight into the hydrogeological properties of fractured rock aquifers contributing to effective water management strategy.
文摘滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡,从而诱发靶器官损伤。免疫系统和肾脏功能调控密切相关,免疫性肾小球疾病通常由免疫因子直接或间接介导,诱发免疫病理过程,最终导致肾脏损伤。Tfh是T、B淋巴细胞相互作用中的关键细胞,可在生发中心促进B淋巴细胞分化及自身抗体产生,针对Tfh的治疗策略可能有利于免疫性肾小球疾病的缓解和预后。本综述阐述Tfh的生物学特性、功能及其在免疫性肾小球疾病中的作用机制。
