The unveiling ceremony of Sino-Germany Standardization Cooperation Innovation Center in Frankfurt was held on June 23.It was attended by more than 30 representatives from DKE and China’s Taicang and Suzhou government...The unveiling ceremony of Sino-Germany Standardization Cooperation Innovation Center in Frankfurt was held on June 23.It was attended by more than 30 representatives from DKE and China’s Taicang and Suzhou government departments,which marks a firm step in promoting the institutional opening up of standards and deepening cultural exchanges and mutual learning.展开更多
AIM To detect infection rate of GBV-C/HGV inhepatitis C patients,to determine the methodsof higher sensitivity and the primers of higherefficiency for GBV-C/HGV RNA detection and tostudy the dominant subtype and mutat...AIM To detect infection rate of GBV-C/HGV inhepatitis C patients,to determine the methodsof higher sensitivity and the primers of higherefficiency for GBV-C/HGV RNA detection and tostudy the dominant subtype and mutation ofGBV-C/HGV.METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR for detectionpf HCV RNA concentration in serum samples,RT-nested PCR with two sets of primers fordetection of GBV-C RNA,RT-PCR ELISA with twosets of primers for detection of HGV RNA,nucleotide sequence and putative amino acidsequence analysis.RESULTS The positive rates of GBV-C RNA atthe 5’-NCR and NS3 region in 211 serums amplesfrom the patients with HCV infection were 31.8%and 22.8% respectively.The positive rates ofHGV RNA at the 5’-NCR and NS5 region in thesame samples were 47.9% and 31.8%respectively.The total positive rate of GBV-C/HGV RNA was as high as 55.5%.HCV copynumbers in the patients without GBV-C/ HGVcoinfection were statistically higher than that inthe patients with GBV-C/ HGV coinfection(P【0.01).Frequent mutation of nucleotideresidue was present in the amplificationproducts.Frameshift mutation was found in twosamples with GBV-C NS3 region nucleotidesequences.All nucleotide sequences fromamplification products showed higher homologyto HGV genome than to GBV-C genome even though part of the sequences were amplifiedwith GBV-C primers.CONCLUSION A high frequency of GBV-C/ HGV coinfection existed in the hepatitis C patients. RT-PCR ELISA was more sensitive than RT-nested PCR for detection of GBV-C/ HGV RNA. The primers derived from the 5 -NCR was more efficient than those derived from the NS3 and NS5 regions. A reverse relationship was found to exist between HCV RNA concentration and GBV-C/ HGV infection frequency. HGV was the dominant subtype of the virus in the local area. The major mutations of GBV-C/ HGV genomes were random mutation of nucleotide residue.展开更多
Land use patterns arise from interactive processes between the physical environment and anthropogenic activities. While land use patterns and the associated explanatory variables have often been analyzed on the large ...Land use patterns arise from interactive processes between the physical environment and anthropogenic activities. While land use patterns and the associated explanatory variables have often been analyzed on the large scale, this study aims to determine the most important variables for explaining land use patterns in the 50 km<sup>2</sup> catchment of the Kielstau, Germany, which is dominated by agricultural land use. A set of spatially distributed variables including topography, soil properties, socioeconomic variables, and landscape indices are exploited to set up logistic regression models for the land use map of 2017 with detailed agricultural classes. Spatial validation indicates a reasonable performance as the relative operating characteristic (ROC) ranges between 0.73 and 0.97 for all land use classes except for corn (ROC = 0.68). The robustness of the models in time is confirmed by the temporal validation for which the ROC values are on the same level (maximum deviation 0.1). Non-agricultural land use is generally better explained than agricultural land use. The most important variables are the share of drained area, distance to protected areas, population density, and patch fractal dimension. These variables can either be linked to agriculture or the river course of the Kielstau.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To examine German controlled clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, and to find whether there are problems with the conclusion that sham acupuncture has no significan...OBJECTIVE: To examine German controlled clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, and to find whether there are problems with the conclusion that sham acupuncture has no significant deviation from acupuncture. METHODS: We focused on literature from the last ten years (2002-2011) included in PubMed about controlled clinical trials on acupuncture vs sham acupuncture carried out in Germany. The methods applied in sham acupuncture are summarized, and the difference between the acupuncture and sham groups were analyzed. We measured effects based on the following criteria: acupuncture is effective and superior to sham, acupuncture is effective but similar to sham, both of them have uncertainty regarding treatment effect, or no significant effect. Finally, we reviewed the hypotheses of different scholars on sham acupuncture and analyzed their results.RESULTS: Four types of controlled clinical trials including sham acupuncture on non-Traditional Chinese Medicine acupoints, minimal acupuncture on non-acupoints, placebo needle and sham laser acupuncture had varying results in the 57 articles analyzed. Some showed that acupuncture had a better effect than sham, while some suggest acupuncture and sham had similar effects. In all studies using sham acupuncture on non-therapeutic points, sham electrodes, and sham electro-acupuncture, the therapeutic effect was better than sham. Of the trials, 37 demonstrated that acupuncture had a better effect than sham acupuncture. Only nine trials found no significant difference between acupuncture and sham. Two controlled trials for the same condition (neck pain) conducted by two different German research institutes used the same control method, but reached contradictory conclusions. CONCLUSION: We found problems in conclusions based on results of controlled clinical trials of sham acupuncture in Germany. Therefore, there is still not enough evidence to support the statements that "acupuncture and sham acupuncture have no difference in treatment effect" and "acupuncture is just a placebo effect." The control methods of sham acupuncture used in Germany may not be standardized and may not be suitable for acupuncture clinical trial research. We suggest that research on the methodology of sham acupuncture should be given priority in the design of acupuncture trials in the future.展开更多
Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and c...Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and cleaning water） whereas in China open stables with closed concrete floors are used with separate collection of faeces and urine. Based on data from literature and own analyses nutrient flows of both systems are calculated. The Chinese manure system or mechanized belt or V-shaped pit floor systems with faeces/urine separation are more effective to separate solids, nutrients, carbon, and heavy metal than mechanical separation from liquid manure. The separation rates can be up to 88% for the solids, 67% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorus, 60% for potassium, 94% for magnesium, 97% for cupper, and 98% for zinc. The faeces can be used for composting to produce a market product.展开更多
The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original q...The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original questionnaire about the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children in hospitals was distributed by mail to nurses’ working on Japanese pediatric wards in 2010. The same questionnaire, translated into German, was distributed to nurses working on German pediatric wards via the internet in 2010. A large majority of respondents strongly agreed that children have a right to informed consent. German nurses expressed a longer-term viewpoint on the effects of preparation than Japanese nurses. Japanese nurses recognized a greater need for improvement in their duties than German nurses. The results suggest that we should consider our own country’s nursing practices and need for improvement, but also learn from studies of other countries to address each culture and medical situation appropriately.展开更多
The rehabilitation of coal mines is an up-to-date issue, heavily discussed not only by the industry but also by scientists and the adjacent communities since open cut coal mining has extensive impacts affecting all pa...The rehabilitation of coal mines is an up-to-date issue, heavily discussed not only by the industry but also by scientists and the adjacent communities since open cut coal mining has extensive impacts affecting all parties. Whereas, before and during the mining process not only nature but sometimes also the population of a whole region has to give way to a mine, the consequences of the operations remain long after mining closure. Typically a once intact and functioning ecosystem is replaced with a destroyed wideness evocative of a moon landscape. Fortunately, the awareness of the need to rehabilitate the destroyed nature is increasing steadily and all involved parties are making efforts to improve the situation, even if it is a major challenge to bring all parties to a consensus. Therefore, a legislative basis is required and the know-how of optimal rehabilitation solutions must be developed. In this article the rehabilitation of mined land in Australia and Germany are compared. More precisely the article will present an overview of the legislative regulations, certain applied methods of rehabilitation work and the problems that are likely to occur in respect to the influence of mining on nature.展开更多
Transnational education(TNE),responding to the growing global demand for education,plays a fundamental role in the current debate on the internationalisation and globalisation of higher education.Conducting a systemat...Transnational education(TNE),responding to the growing global demand for education,plays a fundamental role in the current debate on the internationalisation and globalisation of higher education.Conducting a systematic literature review,this paper examines the characteristics of German transnational education,which has little in common with the American and British models,the reasons for its limited presence in the Gulf and its potential for having a stronger footprint.Since education for Germany is a public good,financial gain has never been a decisive factor for German universities to venture abroad.Whilst the Gulf Region is the largest importer of foreign education,German TNE is only represented by one university there,compared to the overwhelming number of US,UK and Australian higher education institutions.Although the Gulf Region is considered as a lucrative and appealing market for foreign education,lack of engagement of German TNE there could be interpreted through public policy-related reasons.Since Germany has already established its footprint in creating a unique brand of TNE,the paper recommends to build upon the country’s expertise in low-risk option for Germany to invest in the Gulf.For this to materialise,Germany must build awareness of its unique brand to stand out among the competition.展开更多
Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small...Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%-12% [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 655-661, 2011].展开更多
AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of...AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was abstracted.RESULTS: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P 】0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. Cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). CONCLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of insomnia patients with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany by the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. Methods: A total of 80 cases of insomnia with deficiency of heart a...Objective: To observe the effect of insomnia patients with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany by the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. Methods: A total of 80 cases of insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral modified Guipi Decoction(归脾汤), while the patients in the observation group were treated with oral traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. The efficacy, sleep quality, the TCM syndromes score and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and there was statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05). After treatment, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI) score, insomnia severity index(ISI) score and the TCM syndromes score in the two groups were decreased sharply(P<0.01), and those scores in the observation group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no adverse reaction between the two groups. Conclusion: The therapy of ear points pressing with bean is effective on insomnia in Germany, which is worth further study and promotion.展开更多
For drinking water security the German waterworks proceed on a comprehensive concept,i.e.,the protection of all the regions from the recharge area to the client.It includes the protection of the recharge area by a pre...For drinking water security the German waterworks proceed on a comprehensive concept,i.e.,the protection of all the regions from the recharge area to the client.It includes the protection of the recharge area by a precautionary management,a safe water treatment,a strict maintenance of the water distribution network,continuous control and an intensive training of staff.Groundwater protection zones together with effective regulations and control play a very important role.Three protection zones with different restrictions in land-use are distinguished.Water in reservoirs and lakes is also protected by Surface Water Protection Zones.Within the surrounding area the land-use is controlled,too.Special treatment is necessary if acidification happens caused by acid rain,or eutrophication caused by the inflow of sewage.Very important is the collaboration between waterworks and the farmers cultivating land in the recharge area in order to execute water-protecting ecological farming with the aim to reduce the application of fertilizers and plant protection agents.Probable financial losses have to be compensated by the waterworks.展开更多
V-2 technology was transferred from Germany to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)and then on to China.The USSR imitated the captured German V-2 rocket,and independently developed the R-2.Later,China imitate...V-2 technology was transferred from Germany to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)and then on to China.The USSR imitated the captured German V-2 rocket,and independently developed the R-2.Later,China imitated the R-2 rocket provided by the USSR,and independently developed the Dong Feng-2(DF-2).The imitation or localization of foreign products is a key stage prior to independent development.Independent development of new models,in turn,is not only indicative of an upgrading of the transferred technology and the mastering of foreign technology,but also an illustration of innovation.Talent is the crucial resource on which technology transfer relies.The administrative system and domestic collaboration network required to coordinate the necessary tasks,including research,experimentation,design,and manufacture were established both in the USSR and in China.展开更多
For a long time, Germany played a leading role in the European Union(EU), but in recent years it has reduced its investment in the EU affairs and lessened its enthusiasm for European integration due to its multiple fr...For a long time, Germany played a leading role in the European Union(EU), but in recent years it has reduced its investment in the EU affairs and lessened its enthusiasm for European integration due to its multiple frustrations in maintaining the unity of the EU and leading the EU in global affairs. As a result, its leading role in the EU is apparently on the decline. This change has taken place for the following reasons: internally,it derives from Germany’s domestic political dilemma, changes in its social ecology, and structural defects in its economy;externally, it relates closely to the intensifying interest divides between EU member states, and the major-country global-scale game that is entering a new phase for which Germany is not yet ready. The decline of Germany’s leading role in the EU will intensify rivalry between EU member states, impede the process of European integration, and cause further setbacks to the EU’s global standing. Nonetheless, Germany is aware of this, and is now engaging in profound reflection and active adjustment. Accordingly, the German engine is expected to restart.展开更多
The then West and East Germany originated from one nation,but there was big difference between their cultures before and immediately after the reunification in 1989.The difference is embodied in many aspects of the so...The then West and East Germany originated from one nation,but there was big difference between their cultures before and immediately after the reunification in 1989.The difference is embodied in many aspects of the society,affecting deeply the individual life and national situation.Their formation has multiple causes,and various measures need to be made to bridge these gaps to reach the balance,so that Germany after the fall of Berlin Wall can go ahead prosperously,and brings benefits to all its people.展开更多
In the last decade the use of earth in construction has become increasingly widespread in many countries.Building with earth can contribute to sustainable development by reducing environmental impact compared with oth...In the last decade the use of earth in construction has become increasingly widespread in many countries.Building with earth can contribute to sustainable development by reducing environmental impact compared with other building materials or systems.This new consciousness has given rise to a growth in the number of earth building standards in recent years although,in absolute terms,the number is very small compared with other typical building materials and systems.Forty different earth building standards coming from 20 different countries were examined.The standards provide varying degrees of technical information.With regard to their scope of application,the documents can be classified into three types,each of them dealing with a particular aspect:soil classification,earth building materials,earth construction systems.In Germany,a revival of building with earth first came about in the 1980s as an awareness of ecological criteria grew.A product of this development was the elaboration of an earth building standard,the“Lehmbau Regeln”by the Dachverband Lehm e.V.,the German national earth building association.That part of the“Lehmbau Regeln”concerning earth blocks and earth mortars was adapted to the circumstances of national DIN/European building codes and published in August 2013 as DIN 18945–47.A new DIN 18948“Earth boards”will be issued in 2019.The four DINs were elaborated for industrially produced,chemically non-stabilized earth building materials.展开更多
On November 9th,Vice-President Liu Hongcai met Herta Daubler-Gmelin,Former Minister of Justice of Germany.Both sides exchanged views on current international situation as well as China-Germany and China-Europe relations.
On November 26, 2009, ZTE Corporation (ZTE), a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, was showcasing its Long Term Evolution (LTE) products and solutions to network
Riddled with populism,the EU faces many political uncertainties European integration has been suffered serious setbacks in recent years as evidenced by the lack of cohesion among EU members caused by the European debt...Riddled with populism,the EU faces many political uncertainties European integration has been suffered serious setbacks in recent years as evidenced by the lack of cohesion among EU members caused by the European debt crisis,Ukraine crisis,refugee crisis,Brexit,and terrorism.The future of the EU is faced with more un-展开更多
文摘The unveiling ceremony of Sino-Germany Standardization Cooperation Innovation Center in Frankfurt was held on June 23.It was attended by more than 30 representatives from DKE and China’s Taicang and Suzhou government departments,which marks a firm step in promoting the institutional opening up of standards and deepening cultural exchanges and mutual learning.
文摘AIM To detect infection rate of GBV-C/HGV inhepatitis C patients,to determine the methodsof higher sensitivity and the primers of higherefficiency for GBV-C/HGV RNA detection and tostudy the dominant subtype and mutation ofGBV-C/HGV.METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR for detectionpf HCV RNA concentration in serum samples,RT-nested PCR with two sets of primers fordetection of GBV-C RNA,RT-PCR ELISA with twosets of primers for detection of HGV RNA,nucleotide sequence and putative amino acidsequence analysis.RESULTS The positive rates of GBV-C RNA atthe 5’-NCR and NS3 region in 211 serums amplesfrom the patients with HCV infection were 31.8%and 22.8% respectively.The positive rates ofHGV RNA at the 5’-NCR and NS5 region in thesame samples were 47.9% and 31.8%respectively.The total positive rate of GBV-C/HGV RNA was as high as 55.5%.HCV copynumbers in the patients without GBV-C/ HGVcoinfection were statistically higher than that inthe patients with GBV-C/ HGV coinfection(P【0.01).Frequent mutation of nucleotideresidue was present in the amplificationproducts.Frameshift mutation was found in twosamples with GBV-C NS3 region nucleotidesequences.All nucleotide sequences fromamplification products showed higher homologyto HGV genome than to GBV-C genome even though part of the sequences were amplifiedwith GBV-C primers.CONCLUSION A high frequency of GBV-C/ HGV coinfection existed in the hepatitis C patients. RT-PCR ELISA was more sensitive than RT-nested PCR for detection of GBV-C/ HGV RNA. The primers derived from the 5 -NCR was more efficient than those derived from the NS3 and NS5 regions. A reverse relationship was found to exist between HCV RNA concentration and GBV-C/ HGV infection frequency. HGV was the dominant subtype of the virus in the local area. The major mutations of GBV-C/ HGV genomes were random mutation of nucleotide residue.
基金the financial support from the China Scholarship Council(CSC)through a scholarship for the first author
文摘Land use patterns arise from interactive processes between the physical environment and anthropogenic activities. While land use patterns and the associated explanatory variables have often been analyzed on the large scale, this study aims to determine the most important variables for explaining land use patterns in the 50 km<sup>2</sup> catchment of the Kielstau, Germany, which is dominated by agricultural land use. A set of spatially distributed variables including topography, soil properties, socioeconomic variables, and landscape indices are exploited to set up logistic regression models for the land use map of 2017 with detailed agricultural classes. Spatial validation indicates a reasonable performance as the relative operating characteristic (ROC) ranges between 0.73 and 0.97 for all land use classes except for corn (ROC = 0.68). The robustness of the models in time is confirmed by the temporal validation for which the ROC values are on the same level (maximum deviation 0.1). Non-agricultural land use is generally better explained than agricultural land use. The most important variables are the share of drained area, distance to protected areas, population density, and patch fractal dimension. These variables can either be linked to agriculture or the river course of the Kielstau.
基金Supported by the Program of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences for Young Researchers in Medical Science(No.ZZ040305)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To examine German controlled clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture, and to find whether there are problems with the conclusion that sham acupuncture has no significant deviation from acupuncture. METHODS: We focused on literature from the last ten years (2002-2011) included in PubMed about controlled clinical trials on acupuncture vs sham acupuncture carried out in Germany. The methods applied in sham acupuncture are summarized, and the difference between the acupuncture and sham groups were analyzed. We measured effects based on the following criteria: acupuncture is effective and superior to sham, acupuncture is effective but similar to sham, both of them have uncertainty regarding treatment effect, or no significant effect. Finally, we reviewed the hypotheses of different scholars on sham acupuncture and analyzed their results.RESULTS: Four types of controlled clinical trials including sham acupuncture on non-Traditional Chinese Medicine acupoints, minimal acupuncture on non-acupoints, placebo needle and sham laser acupuncture had varying results in the 57 articles analyzed. Some showed that acupuncture had a better effect than sham, while some suggest acupuncture and sham had similar effects. In all studies using sham acupuncture on non-therapeutic points, sham electrodes, and sham electro-acupuncture, the therapeutic effect was better than sham. Of the trials, 37 demonstrated that acupuncture had a better effect than sham acupuncture. Only nine trials found no significant difference between acupuncture and sham. Two controlled trials for the same condition (neck pain) conducted by two different German research institutes used the same control method, but reached contradictory conclusions. CONCLUSION: We found problems in conclusions based on results of controlled clinical trials of sham acupuncture in Germany. Therefore, there is still not enough evidence to support the statements that "acupuncture and sham acupuncture have no difference in treatment effect" and "acupuncture is just a placebo effect." The control methods of sham acupuncture used in Germany may not be standardized and may not be suitable for acupuncture clinical trial research. We suggest that research on the methodology of sham acupuncture should be given priority in the design of acupuncture trials in the future.
基金The authors would like to thank the German Ministry for Education and Research （BMBF） （project No. 0330847G）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （project No. 40971177）, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People＇s Republic of China （MOST） for financing the project.
文摘Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and cleaning water） whereas in China open stables with closed concrete floors are used with separate collection of faeces and urine. Based on data from literature and own analyses nutrient flows of both systems are calculated. The Chinese manure system or mechanized belt or V-shaped pit floor systems with faeces/urine separation are more effective to separate solids, nutrients, carbon, and heavy metal than mechanical separation from liquid manure. The separation rates can be up to 88% for the solids, 67% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorus, 60% for potassium, 94% for magnesium, 97% for cupper, and 98% for zinc. The faeces can be used for composting to produce a market product.
文摘The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original questionnaire about the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children in hospitals was distributed by mail to nurses’ working on Japanese pediatric wards in 2010. The same questionnaire, translated into German, was distributed to nurses working on German pediatric wards via the internet in 2010. A large majority of respondents strongly agreed that children have a right to informed consent. German nurses expressed a longer-term viewpoint on the effects of preparation than Japanese nurses. Japanese nurses recognized a greater need for improvement in their duties than German nurses. The results suggest that we should consider our own country’s nursing practices and need for improvement, but also learn from studies of other countries to address each culture and medical situation appropriately.
文摘The rehabilitation of coal mines is an up-to-date issue, heavily discussed not only by the industry but also by scientists and the adjacent communities since open cut coal mining has extensive impacts affecting all parties. Whereas, before and during the mining process not only nature but sometimes also the population of a whole region has to give way to a mine, the consequences of the operations remain long after mining closure. Typically a once intact and functioning ecosystem is replaced with a destroyed wideness evocative of a moon landscape. Fortunately, the awareness of the need to rehabilitate the destroyed nature is increasing steadily and all involved parties are making efforts to improve the situation, even if it is a major challenge to bring all parties to a consensus. Therefore, a legislative basis is required and the know-how of optimal rehabilitation solutions must be developed. In this article the rehabilitation of mined land in Australia and Germany are compared. More precisely the article will present an overview of the legislative regulations, certain applied methods of rehabilitation work and the problems that are likely to occur in respect to the influence of mining on nature.
文摘Transnational education(TNE),responding to the growing global demand for education,plays a fundamental role in the current debate on the internationalisation and globalisation of higher education.Conducting a systematic literature review,this paper examines the characteristics of German transnational education,which has little in common with the American and British models,the reasons for its limited presence in the Gulf and its potential for having a stronger footprint.Since education for Germany is a public good,financial gain has never been a decisive factor for German universities to venture abroad.Whilst the Gulf Region is the largest importer of foreign education,German TNE is only represented by one university there,compared to the overwhelming number of US,UK and Australian higher education institutions.Although the Gulf Region is considered as a lucrative and appealing market for foreign education,lack of engagement of German TNE there could be interpreted through public policy-related reasons.Since Germany has already established its footprint in creating a unique brand of TNE,the paper recommends to build upon the country’s expertise in low-risk option for Germany to invest in the Gulf.For this to materialise,Germany must build awareness of its unique brand to stand out among the competition.
文摘Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%-12% [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 655-661, 2011].
基金an unrestricted grant from Pfizer, Inc., New York, USA
文摘AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot trial.METHODS: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was abstracted.RESULTS: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P 】0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. Cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). CONCLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of insomnia patients with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany by the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. Methods: A total of 80 cases of insomnia with deficiency of heart and spleen in Germany were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral modified Guipi Decoction(归脾汤), while the patients in the observation group were treated with oral traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the therapy of ear points pressing with bean. The efficacy, sleep quality, the TCM syndromes score and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and there was statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05). After treatment, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI) score, insomnia severity index(ISI) score and the TCM syndromes score in the two groups were decreased sharply(P<0.01), and those scores in the observation group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no adverse reaction between the two groups. Conclusion: The therapy of ear points pressing with bean is effective on insomnia in Germany, which is worth further study and promotion.
文摘For drinking water security the German waterworks proceed on a comprehensive concept,i.e.,the protection of all the regions from the recharge area to the client.It includes the protection of the recharge area by a precautionary management,a safe water treatment,a strict maintenance of the water distribution network,continuous control and an intensive training of staff.Groundwater protection zones together with effective regulations and control play a very important role.Three protection zones with different restrictions in land-use are distinguished.Water in reservoirs and lakes is also protected by Surface Water Protection Zones.Within the surrounding area the land-use is controlled,too.Special treatment is necessary if acidification happens caused by acid rain,or eutrophication caused by the inflow of sewage.Very important is the collaboration between waterworks and the farmers cultivating land in the recharge area in order to execute water-protecting ecological farming with the aim to reduce the application of fertilizers and plant protection agents.Probable financial losses have to be compensated by the waterworks.
基金supported in part by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019157)。
文摘V-2 technology was transferred from Germany to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)and then on to China.The USSR imitated the captured German V-2 rocket,and independently developed the R-2.Later,China imitated the R-2 rocket provided by the USSR,and independently developed the Dong Feng-2(DF-2).The imitation or localization of foreign products is a key stage prior to independent development.Independent development of new models,in turn,is not only indicative of an upgrading of the transferred technology and the mastering of foreign technology,but also an illustration of innovation.Talent is the crucial resource on which technology transfer relies.The administrative system and domestic collaboration network required to coordinate the necessary tasks,including research,experimentation,design,and manufacture were established both in the USSR and in China.
文摘For a long time, Germany played a leading role in the European Union(EU), but in recent years it has reduced its investment in the EU affairs and lessened its enthusiasm for European integration due to its multiple frustrations in maintaining the unity of the EU and leading the EU in global affairs. As a result, its leading role in the EU is apparently on the decline. This change has taken place for the following reasons: internally,it derives from Germany’s domestic political dilemma, changes in its social ecology, and structural defects in its economy;externally, it relates closely to the intensifying interest divides between EU member states, and the major-country global-scale game that is entering a new phase for which Germany is not yet ready. The decline of Germany’s leading role in the EU will intensify rivalry between EU member states, impede the process of European integration, and cause further setbacks to the EU’s global standing. Nonetheless, Germany is aware of this, and is now engaging in profound reflection and active adjustment. Accordingly, the German engine is expected to restart.
文摘The then West and East Germany originated from one nation,but there was big difference between their cultures before and immediately after the reunification in 1989.The difference is embodied in many aspects of the society,affecting deeply the individual life and national situation.Their formation has multiple causes,and various measures need to be made to bridge these gaps to reach the balance,so that Germany after the fall of Berlin Wall can go ahead prosperously,and brings benefits to all its people.
文摘In the last decade the use of earth in construction has become increasingly widespread in many countries.Building with earth can contribute to sustainable development by reducing environmental impact compared with other building materials or systems.This new consciousness has given rise to a growth in the number of earth building standards in recent years although,in absolute terms,the number is very small compared with other typical building materials and systems.Forty different earth building standards coming from 20 different countries were examined.The standards provide varying degrees of technical information.With regard to their scope of application,the documents can be classified into three types,each of them dealing with a particular aspect:soil classification,earth building materials,earth construction systems.In Germany,a revival of building with earth first came about in the 1980s as an awareness of ecological criteria grew.A product of this development was the elaboration of an earth building standard,the“Lehmbau Regeln”by the Dachverband Lehm e.V.,the German national earth building association.That part of the“Lehmbau Regeln”concerning earth blocks and earth mortars was adapted to the circumstances of national DIN/European building codes and published in August 2013 as DIN 18945–47.A new DIN 18948“Earth boards”will be issued in 2019.The four DINs were elaborated for industrially produced,chemically non-stabilized earth building materials.
文摘On November 9th,Vice-President Liu Hongcai met Herta Daubler-Gmelin,Former Minister of Justice of Germany.Both sides exchanged views on current international situation as well as China-Germany and China-Europe relations.
文摘On November 26, 2009, ZTE Corporation (ZTE), a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, was showcasing its Long Term Evolution (LTE) products and solutions to network
文摘Riddled with populism,the EU faces many political uncertainties European integration has been suffered serious setbacks in recent years as evidenced by the lack of cohesion among EU members caused by the European debt crisis,Ukraine crisis,refugee crisis,Brexit,and terrorism.The future of the EU is faced with more un-
