On 28 November 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)hosted the Dialogue on Mutual Learning between Chinese and German Civilisations in Berlin,Germany.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairperson of the S...On 28 November 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)hosted the Dialogue on Mutual Learning between Chinese and German Civilisations in Berlin,Germany.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of China and President of CAFIU,who was on a visit in Germany,attended the Dialogue and delivered a keynote speech.展开更多
High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding d...High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
This study explores the application of Production-Oriented Approach(POA)in teaching German to nursing students in colleges and universities.Focusing on the requirements of the German B1 exam,the study takes the themat...This study explores the application of Production-Oriented Approach(POA)in teaching German to nursing students in colleges and universities.Focusing on the requirements of the German B1 exam,the study takes the thematic unit of“Movement”as an example,and designs the teaching through the links of“drive-enable-evaluate”.The results show that POA effectively improves students’speaking and writing output,but there are still deficiencies in reading and listening.Accordingly,this study has proposed the strategies of“vocabulary in-depth facilitation”and“accurate matching of listening and writing”to optimize the input materials and skills training,achieve the goal of“learning and using”,and provide a practical path for teaching German for Special Purposes.This provides a practical path for the teaching of German for special purposes.展开更多
AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-stor...AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.展开更多
University German majors in Chinese universities constitute a vital force in cross-cultural communication and play an increasingly important role in effectively communicating China’s narrative to global audiences.Des...University German majors in Chinese universities constitute a vital force in cross-cultural communication and play an increasingly important role in effectively communicating China’s narrative to global audiences.Despite their linguistic advantages,these students still face challenges such as limited cultural literacy and insufficient intercultural communication competence.It is therefore essential to explore effective approaches for strengthening their ability to convey China’s narrative in accurate,compelling,and culturally attuned ways.This article discusses key pathways for enhancing this competence and offers insights relevant to curriculum development and talent cultivation in the field of international communication.展开更多
At the beginning of the twentieth century,cultural policy became a central element of Germany’s expansionist foreign policy toward China.In this context,the German government had a Poliklinik established in Chongqing...At the beginning of the twentieth century,cultural policy became a central element of Germany’s expansionist foreign policy toward China.In this context,the German government had a Poliklinik established in Chongqing in 1906,intending to leverage“medical propaganda”to extend German influence.Despite these ambitions,the Poliklinik faced socio-political challenges and local resistance,which hindered its ability to fully realize the German government’s political objectives.By the time the Poliklinik ceased operations in 1919,it had not achieved the strategic impact anticipated by Berlin.However,the Poliklinik contributed significantly to fostering mutual understanding and facilitating cross-cultural communication in the medical field between China and Germany.Thus,while initially conceived as an instrument of Germany’s cultural policy,the actual social and cultural influence of the Poliklinik on Germany and China was rather constructive:it had not only enhanced the understanding of German medicine and culture among the Chinese people,but also promoted knowledge about Southwest China’s medical conditions among the German academic community.展开更多
Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beiji...Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.展开更多
The powerful ability of film to present the traumatized German war veteran that traces how some of the most vulnerable members of society, marginalized and persecuted as ‘enemies of the nation,’ attempted to regain ...The powerful ability of film to present the traumatized German war veteran that traces how some of the most vulnerable members of society, marginalized and persecuted as ‘enemies of the nation,’ attempted to regain authority over their own minds and reclaim the authentic memory of the Great War under Weimar Germany and the Third Reich. The mentally disabled survivor of the trenches became a focus of debate between competing social and political groups, each attempting to construct their own versions of the national community and the memory of the war experience. By examining the psychological effects of war on ordinary Germans and the way these war victims have shaped perceptions of madness and mass violence, the expressionist cinema explores how the classical German cinema of the Weimar Republic was haunted by the horrors of World War I and the the devastating effects of the nation's defeat. This paper purposes to analyse how this post-traumatic cinema transformed extreme psychological states into visual expression;how it pushed the limits of cinematic representation with its fragmented story lines, distorted perspectives, and stark lighting;and how it helped create a modernist film language that anticipated film noir and remains incredibly influential today.展开更多
The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust a...The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust and soon participate in and with the new culture（s）. At the same time, those who encounter ＂The Other＂ through the contact with immigrants, have also to adapt, to learn, and to realize considerable changes in themselves in that process. Recently, a new German novelist, Renate Ahrens, has created several major works in which she reflects on this intricate phenomenon typical of our times. The present study might well be the first critical analysis of her last two novels, Zeit der Wahrheit （Time of Truth, 2005） and Fremde Schwestern （Alienated Sisters, 2011）, which prove to be outstanding and first-rate literary treatments of the theme of＂The Other＂ in an intercultural context. As Ahrens illustrates in both novels, each individual carries a heavy baggage imposed on them by the own family history, and so in both cases the confrontation with ＂The Other＂ serves exceedingly well to break open the shell of self-isolation and self-alienation. Love finally overcomes ancient conflicts and paves the way for new integrative forces supporting the formation of the ＂global village＂ we all are really living in.展开更多
Germany has a significant influence on the globe,both economically and culturally,being the center of Europe.Although severely damaged by the Second World War,German landscape architecture gradual y recovered through ...Germany has a significant influence on the globe,both economically and culturally,being the center of Europe.Although severely damaged by the Second World War,German landscape architecture gradual y recovered through garden exhibitions,landscape associations,and other means during a period of reflection and repair.Because of their artistry and utility,German gardens from the middle and end of the 20^(th)century had a favorable influence on landscape architecture around the globe.The shift in focus from“post-war restoration”to“enhancing the urban appearance”to“ecological restoration”not only reflects a shift in the design philosophy of the German people but also directly reflects the value orientation of design across all of Europe and even the West.展开更多
After Donald Trump was elected US president,his controversial foreign policy disrupted the world situation,bringing about a series of disagreements and disputes with Germany and with Europe as a whole.As the two major...After Donald Trump was elected US president,his controversial foreign policy disrupted the world situation,bringing about a series of disagreements and disputes with Germany and with Europe as a whole.As the two major powers in the West,Germany and the United States,in a state of dispute,will have multiple effects.These disputes undoubtedly show that the German-US relations are undergoing a major adjustment and reorientation.We must also realize that disputes between Germany and the United States have alienated relations between the two countries.However,the foundation on the overall Western values between the two countries has not changed.They still have a great deal of common ground on politics,economy and security.Therefore,these disagreements and disputes will not lead to the collapse of German-US relations.Cooperation vs.controversy,control vs.independence,further equalization and alienation of the two countries will characterize future developments in German-US relations.展开更多
The second meeting of China-Germany Standardization Strategic Cooperation Working Group was held virtually on August17.The meeting was attended by Tian Shihong,Vice-Minister of SAMR and Administrator of SAC,and Christ...The second meeting of China-Germany Standardization Strategic Cooperation Working Group was held virtually on August17.The meeting was attended by Tian Shihong,Vice-Minister of SAMR and Administrator of SAC,and Christoph Winterhalter,CEO of the German Institute for Standardization(DIN),Florian Spiteller,Head of External Relations&Support of German Commission for Electrical,Electronic&Information Technologies of DIN and VDE(DKE)and Thomas Zielke,Head of Standardization and Patent Policies of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action of Germany(BMWK).展开更多
AIM:To study the epidemiologic changes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NET)in Germany,we analyzed two time periods 1976-1988 and1998-2006.METHODS:We evaluated epidemiological data of GEP-NET from t...AIM:To study the epidemiologic changes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NET)in Germany,we analyzed two time periods 1976-1988 and1998-2006.METHODS:We evaluated epidemiological data of GEP-NET from the former East German National Cancer Registry(DDR Krebsregister,1976-1988)and its successor,the Joint Cancer Registry(GKR,1998-2006),which was founded after German reunification.Due to a particularly substantial database the epidemiological data from the federal states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania,Saxony,Brandenburg and Thuringia,covering a population of more than 10.8 million people,were analyzed.Survival probabilities were calculated using life table analysis.In addition,GEP-NET patients were evaluated for one or more second(non-GEP-NET)primary malignancies.RESULTS:A total of 2821 GEP neuroendocrine neoplasms were identified in the two registries.The overall incidence increased significantly between 1976 and2006 from 0.31(per 100.000 inhabitants per year)to2.27 for men and from 0.57 to 2.38 for women.In the later period studied(2004-2006),the small intestine was the most common site.Neuroendocrine(NE)neoplasms of the small intestine showed the largest absolute increase in incidence,while rectal NE neoplasms exhibited the greatest relative increase.Only the incidence of appendiceal NET in women showed little change between 1976 and 2006.Overall survival of patients varied for sex,tumor site and the two periods studied but improved significantly over time.Interestingly,about 20%of the GEP-NET patients developed one or more second malignancies.Their most common location was the gastrointestinal tract.GEP-NET patients without second malignancies fared better than those with one or more of them.CONCLUSION:The number of detected GEP-NET increased about 5-fold in Germany between 1976 and2006.At the same time,their anatomic distribution changed,and the survival of GEP-NET patients improved significantly.Second malignancies are common and influence the overall survival of GEP-NET patients.Thus,GEP-NET warrant our attention as well as intensive research on their tumorigenesis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods:...Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.展开更多
A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100...A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.展开更多
Two kinds of germanate glasses singly doped with the ion concentration of 2.0mol.%Tm3＋ and 2.0mol.%Ho3＋, respectively, were prepared.According to McCumber theory, the absorption and stimulated emission cross-section...Two kinds of germanate glasses singly doped with the ion concentration of 2.0mol.%Tm3＋ and 2.0mol.%Ho3＋, respectively, were prepared.According to McCumber theory, the absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3H6←→3F4 transitions of Tm3＋（at 1.8 μm） and the 5I8←→5I7 transitions of Ho3＋（at 2.0 μm） were obtained, and respective gain cross-section spectra were also computed as a function of population inversion according to absorption and emission cross-sections and the ion concentrations.For Tm3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of the absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than those reported for fluorozirconate, fluoride, and oxyfluoride glasses.For Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than that reported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses.Hence, these Tm3＋-doped and Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses exhibited an advantage for application in mid-infrared lasers at about 1.8 and 2.0 μm wavelength.展开更多
We report the observation of bubble generation and migration in a germanate g/ass during irradiation by a femtosecond laser of high repetition rate. Bubbles are formed around the focal area of the laser beam, and thei...We report the observation of bubble generation and migration in a germanate g/ass during irradiation by a femtosecond laser of high repetition rate. Bubbles are formed around the focal area of the laser beam, and their movement indicates the presence of thermal gravity convection in the glass melt, which is beyond the existing theoretical model about temperature l^eld of focal area. Inside the bubbles, oxygen molecules are observed by the con focal Raman micro-spectroscopy. The generation of molecular oxygen and bubbles is explained in terms of the spatial separation of Ge and 0 ions and micro-explosion inside the glass melt.展开更多
文摘On 28 November 2024,the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)hosted the Dialogue on Mutual Learning between Chinese and German Civilisations in Berlin,Germany.Ji Bingxuan,Vice-Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of China and President of CAFIU,who was on a visit in Germany,attended the Dialogue and delivered a keynote speech.
文摘High-density germanate glasses doped with Tb^(3+)ions were synthesized via the melt-quenching meth-od.The physical and luminescent properties of these glasses were characterized through various techniques,in-cluding density measurement,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy,X-ray excited luminescence(XEL)spectroscopy,and fluorescence decay analysis.The densities of the germanate glasses were greater than 6.1 g/cm^(3).Upon excitations of ultraviolet(UV)light and X-rays,the glasses emitted in-tense green emissions.The fluorescence lifetime of the strongest emission peak at 544 nm,measured under 377 nm excitation,ranged from 1.52 ms to 1.32 ms.In the glass specimens,the maximum XEL integral intensity reached roughly 26%of that of the commercially available Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)crystal.These results indicate that Tb^(3+)-doped high-density germanate scintillating glasses hold potential as scintillation materials for X-ray imaging applications.
文摘This study explores the application of Production-Oriented Approach(POA)in teaching German to nursing students in colleges and universities.Focusing on the requirements of the German B1 exam,the study takes the thematic unit of“Movement”as an example,and designs the teaching through the links of“drive-enable-evaluate”.The results show that POA effectively improves students’speaking and writing output,but there are still deficiencies in reading and listening.Accordingly,this study has proposed the strategies of“vocabulary in-depth facilitation”and“accurate matching of listening and writing”to optimize the input materials and skills training,achieve the goal of“learning and using”,and provide a practical path for teaching German for Special Purposes.This provides a practical path for the teaching of German for special purposes.
文摘AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.
文摘University German majors in Chinese universities constitute a vital force in cross-cultural communication and play an increasingly important role in effectively communicating China’s narrative to global audiences.Despite their linguistic advantages,these students still face challenges such as limited cultural literacy and insufficient intercultural communication competence.It is therefore essential to explore effective approaches for strengthening their ability to convey China’s narrative in accurate,compelling,and culturally attuned ways.This article discusses key pathways for enhancing this competence and offers insights relevant to curriculum development and talent cultivation in the field of international communication.
文摘At the beginning of the twentieth century,cultural policy became a central element of Germany’s expansionist foreign policy toward China.In this context,the German government had a Poliklinik established in Chongqing in 1906,intending to leverage“medical propaganda”to extend German influence.Despite these ambitions,the Poliklinik faced socio-political challenges and local resistance,which hindered its ability to fully realize the German government’s political objectives.By the time the Poliklinik ceased operations in 1919,it had not achieved the strategic impact anticipated by Berlin.However,the Poliklinik contributed significantly to fostering mutual understanding and facilitating cross-cultural communication in the medical field between China and Germany.Thus,while initially conceived as an instrument of Germany’s cultural policy,the actual social and cultural influence of the Poliklinik on Germany and China was rather constructive:it had not only enhanced the understanding of German medicine and culture among the Chinese people,but also promoted knowledge about Southwest China’s medical conditions among the German academic community.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (No. KZCX2-YW-422)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology.
文摘Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.
文摘The powerful ability of film to present the traumatized German war veteran that traces how some of the most vulnerable members of society, marginalized and persecuted as ‘enemies of the nation,’ attempted to regain authority over their own minds and reclaim the authentic memory of the Great War under Weimar Germany and the Third Reich. The mentally disabled survivor of the trenches became a focus of debate between competing social and political groups, each attempting to construct their own versions of the national community and the memory of the war experience. By examining the psychological effects of war on ordinary Germans and the way these war victims have shaped perceptions of madness and mass violence, the expressionist cinema explores how the classical German cinema of the Weimar Republic was haunted by the horrors of World War I and the the devastating effects of the nation's defeat. This paper purposes to analyse how this post-traumatic cinema transformed extreme psychological states into visual expression;how it pushed the limits of cinematic representation with its fragmented story lines, distorted perspectives, and stark lighting;and how it helped create a modernist film language that anticipated film noir and remains incredibly influential today.
文摘The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust and soon participate in and with the new culture（s）. At the same time, those who encounter ＂The Other＂ through the contact with immigrants, have also to adapt, to learn, and to realize considerable changes in themselves in that process. Recently, a new German novelist, Renate Ahrens, has created several major works in which she reflects on this intricate phenomenon typical of our times. The present study might well be the first critical analysis of her last two novels, Zeit der Wahrheit （Time of Truth, 2005） and Fremde Schwestern （Alienated Sisters, 2011）, which prove to be outstanding and first-rate literary treatments of the theme of＂The Other＂ in an intercultural context. As Ahrens illustrates in both novels, each individual carries a heavy baggage imposed on them by the own family history, and so in both cases the confrontation with ＂The Other＂ serves exceedingly well to break open the shell of self-isolation and self-alienation. Love finally overcomes ancient conflicts and paves the way for new integrative forces supporting the formation of the ＂global village＂ we all are really living in.
文摘Germany has a significant influence on the globe,both economically and culturally,being the center of Europe.Although severely damaged by the Second World War,German landscape architecture gradual y recovered through garden exhibitions,landscape associations,and other means during a period of reflection and repair.Because of their artistry and utility,German gardens from the middle and end of the 20^(th)century had a favorable influence on landscape architecture around the globe.The shift in focus from“post-war restoration”to“enhancing the urban appearance”to“ecological restoration”not only reflects a shift in the design philosophy of the German people but also directly reflects the value orientation of design across all of Europe and even the West.
文摘After Donald Trump was elected US president,his controversial foreign policy disrupted the world situation,bringing about a series of disagreements and disputes with Germany and with Europe as a whole.As the two major powers in the West,Germany and the United States,in a state of dispute,will have multiple effects.These disputes undoubtedly show that the German-US relations are undergoing a major adjustment and reorientation.We must also realize that disputes between Germany and the United States have alienated relations between the two countries.However,the foundation on the overall Western values between the two countries has not changed.They still have a great deal of common ground on politics,economy and security.Therefore,these disagreements and disputes will not lead to the collapse of German-US relations.Cooperation vs.controversy,control vs.independence,further equalization and alienation of the two countries will characterize future developments in German-US relations.
文摘The second meeting of China-Germany Standardization Strategic Cooperation Working Group was held virtually on August17.The meeting was attended by Tian Shihong,Vice-Minister of SAMR and Administrator of SAC,and Christoph Winterhalter,CEO of the German Institute for Standardization(DIN),Florian Spiteller,Head of External Relations&Support of German Commission for Electrical,Electronic&Information Technologies of DIN and VDE(DKE)and Thomas Zielke,Head of Standardization and Patent Policies of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action of Germany(BMWK).
文摘AIM:To study the epidemiologic changes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NET)in Germany,we analyzed two time periods 1976-1988 and1998-2006.METHODS:We evaluated epidemiological data of GEP-NET from the former East German National Cancer Registry(DDR Krebsregister,1976-1988)and its successor,the Joint Cancer Registry(GKR,1998-2006),which was founded after German reunification.Due to a particularly substantial database the epidemiological data from the federal states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania,Saxony,Brandenburg and Thuringia,covering a population of more than 10.8 million people,were analyzed.Survival probabilities were calculated using life table analysis.In addition,GEP-NET patients were evaluated for one or more second(non-GEP-NET)primary malignancies.RESULTS:A total of 2821 GEP neuroendocrine neoplasms were identified in the two registries.The overall incidence increased significantly between 1976 and2006 from 0.31(per 100.000 inhabitants per year)to2.27 for men and from 0.57 to 2.38 for women.In the later period studied(2004-2006),the small intestine was the most common site.Neuroendocrine(NE)neoplasms of the small intestine showed the largest absolute increase in incidence,while rectal NE neoplasms exhibited the greatest relative increase.Only the incidence of appendiceal NET in women showed little change between 1976 and 2006.Overall survival of patients varied for sex,tumor site and the two periods studied but improved significantly over time.Interestingly,about 20%of the GEP-NET patients developed one or more second malignancies.Their most common location was the gastrointestinal tract.GEP-NET patients without second malignancies fared better than those with one or more of them.CONCLUSION:The number of detected GEP-NET increased about 5-fold in Germany between 1976 and2006.At the same time,their anatomic distribution changed,and the survival of GEP-NET patients improved significantly.Second malignancies are common and influence the overall survival of GEP-NET patients.Thus,GEP-NET warrant our attention as well as intensive research on their tumorigenesis.
基金Supported by Yasouj University(Grant No.88/8705)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field conditions.Methods: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control treatment.Conclusions: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos 2013AA031502 and 2014AA041902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174085,51132004,and 51302086+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos S2011030001349 and S20120011380the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists under Grant No 61325024the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province under Grant No 2013B090500028the ’Cross and Cooperative’ Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No 2012-119
文摘A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 60777030)the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City (2007A22010) K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Two kinds of germanate glasses singly doped with the ion concentration of 2.0mol.%Tm3＋ and 2.0mol.%Ho3＋, respectively, were prepared.According to McCumber theory, the absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3H6←→3F4 transitions of Tm3＋（at 1.8 μm） and the 5I8←→5I7 transitions of Ho3＋（at 2.0 μm） were obtained, and respective gain cross-section spectra were also computed as a function of population inversion according to absorption and emission cross-sections and the ion concentrations.For Tm3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of the absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than those reported for fluorozirconate, fluoride, and oxyfluoride glasses.For Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than that reported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses.Hence, these Tm3＋-doped and Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses exhibited an advantage for application in mid-infrared lasers at about 1.8 and 2.0 μm wavelength.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51132004 and 61475047the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2011CB808100+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No S2011030001349the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No 2013ZM0001the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
文摘We report the observation of bubble generation and migration in a germanate g/ass during irradiation by a femtosecond laser of high repetition rate. Bubbles are formed around the focal area of the laser beam, and their movement indicates the presence of thermal gravity convection in the glass melt, which is beyond the existing theoretical model about temperature l^eld of focal area. Inside the bubbles, oxygen molecules are observed by the con focal Raman micro-spectroscopy. The generation of molecular oxygen and bubbles is explained in terms of the spatial separation of Ge and 0 ions and micro-explosion inside the glass melt.
