Ocean geoscience is a highly integrated and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in understanding the interaction between Earth’s lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphere,and anthroposphere.Recent y...Ocean geoscience is a highly integrated and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in understanding the interaction between Earth’s lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphere,and anthroposphere.Recent years have seen tremendous progress in global ocean research,driven by rapid advancements in deep-sea manned and unmanned submersibles,ocean drilling,seafloor observatories,big data assimilation,and supercomputing simulations.Representative examples of breakthroughs are highlighted in this work:(1)Probing sub-seafloor processes.A 10,000-meter ocean-bottom seismometer array has achieved high-resolution imaging of the deepest ocean on the Earth-the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench,revealing the role of key tectonic and hydrological processes within the subduction zone.The first sub-ice seafloor seismic and magnetotelluric experiments were successfully conducted at the Arctic Gakkel Ridge,providing significant insights into the dynamics of ultraslow seafloor spreading.(2)Exploration of seafloor resources.Near-seafloor investigations employing underwater robotics and multi-sensor systems have been carried out in areas of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at global locations,including the Southwest Indian Ridge.These efforts have combined geophysical,oceanographic,chemical,and biological observations with extensive seafloor sampling.(3)Interdisciplinary research of complex catastrophic events.High-resolution simulations integrating ocean observations with supercomputing modeling have made it possible to fully model earthquake-induced seafloor deformation,tsunami propagation,and ocean basin-scale transport of the Fukushima Power Plant-derived radionuclides associated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.Among the world’s three major oceans,the Indian Ocean is still relatively underexplored.Major scientific challenges include elucidating crust-mantle interaction,air-sea dynamic coupling,large-scale marine hazards,and responses of ecosystems to major environmental changes,all of which require interdisciplinary collaboration.Future efforts should focus on developing intelligent unmanned observation platform systems,big data and digital twins,and AI-driven hazard modeling.Meanwhile,higher educational reforms should emphasize fostering a new generation of students and young scientists with a solid background and strong critical analysis skills to accelerate technological innovation.展开更多
The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The I...The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.展开更多
Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate...Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.展开更多
The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overv...The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of Antarctic Earth Sciences. The XIV ISAES calls for researchers from around the globe to share their latest research and insights on the Antarctic region's geology, climate, and ecosystems.展开更多
1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conv...1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].展开更多
The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts su...The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are deeply appreciated by boththe Editors and the Publisher.We would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt thanks to the following referees for theirinvaluable input and support in reviewing manuscripts submitted in 2024.展开更多
Perception and understanding of geoscience in Ireland by non-geoscientists have not been studied in depth, and an improvement in understanding how geoscience is perceived and engaged with will have significant impact ...Perception and understanding of geoscience in Ireland by non-geoscientists have not been studied in depth, and an improvement in understanding how geoscience is perceived and engaged with will have significant impact on Ireland’s ability to meet a range of challenges, including hotly debated geoscience issues such as fossil fuel dependency, raw mineral management, water security, and shale gas extraction (particularly fracking). Geoscience plays an important role in society, and the understanding of geoscience of an average Irish person will be based on formal education (at primary and secondary level) and informal education through public outreach and news media. Geoscience is expanding in formal education and informal education is increasingly delivered online. Geoscience education in Ireland has not been studied in detail, and a better understanding of the state of geoscience education could improve connections between geoscientists and non-geoscientists. This paper discusses the scope of potential research into geoscience education in Ireland that could and should be undertaken in order to best understand and describe the state of geoscience education, and geoscience in society. Mixed-method research should be undertaken to study geoscience education at multiple levels and targeting multiple publics. This research into the state of geoscience education in Ireland would be valuable, to geoscientists and educators.展开更多
Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorith...Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.展开更多
Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D g...Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.展开更多
CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical...CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical graphs,such as scatterplot,triangular scatterplot,line chart,histogram,bar chart,box plot,pie graph,etc.In order to adapt to the geological application,the above functions are strengthened.Scatterplot and triangular scatterplot provide nearly 150 common basemaps,covering rock classification,structural environment discrimination,mineral genesis,isotope geochemistry,etc.,for the convenience of the user mapping.Meanwhile,CorelKit further provides a structural joint rose diagram and sulfur isotopic composition diagram.This software also has many practical functions such as Bézier line topology,Multiple Bézier lines close fill,Single inner fill,Correction basemap,Add a compass,Add a scale,which facilitates daily geological drawing.The software has a friendly interface,in both Chinese and English versions,and is suitable for CorelDraw X4 and later versions.We introduced the Bézier line topology to CorelKit for the first time,which is similar to the GIS®topology for geological maps.According to the“GB/T 958-2015 Geological Legends Used for Regional Geological Map”,a two-color filling library of rock pattern pictures is established,which is convenient to realize the twocolor filling of sedimentary rocks,metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks patterns.Obviously,CorelKit makes up for many shortcomings of CorelDraw in geosciences and is a very practical tool for geoscience researchers.展开更多
Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By us...Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By using examples in the field of geosciences, we analyze challenges raised by ontology dynamics, such as heavy reworking of data, semantic heterogeneity among data providers and users, and error propagation in cross-discipline data discovery and re-use. We also make recommendations to address these challenges： （1） communities of practice on ontologies to re- duce inconsistency and duplicated efforts; （2） use ontologies in the procedure of data collection and make them accessible to data users; and （3） seek methods to speed up the reworking of data in a Semantic Web context.展开更多
The idea of mineral exploration,which is called"exploration philosophy"in the Western countries,is the thoughts,the methodology,technology,goals and organization that guide mineral exploration.The three basi...The idea of mineral exploration,which is called"exploration philosophy"in the Western countries,is the thoughts,the methodology,technology,goals and organization that guide mineral exploration.The three basic elements of mineral exploration are"what to find","where to find"and"how to find".The concept of mineral exploration is gradually changing with the development of these three elements that provide a powerful driving force to change mineral exploration concepts,methods and technology.Innovation of mineral exploration concepts is the result of continuing exploration and development keeping pace with the times.The combination of"mathematical geology"and"information technology"can be called"digital geology".Digital geology is the data analysis component of geological science.Geological data science is a science that uses the general methodology of data to study geology based on the characteristics of geological data and the needs of geological field work.Digital mineral exploration is the application of digital geology in mineral exploration to reduce ore-finding uncertainty.展开更多
In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solv...In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.展开更多
The Xiangshui to Mandal geoscience transect, which has a total length of 1,200 km, extends diagonally,from SE to NW, across the Sino-Korean plate and its ancient continental margin, passing through nine tectonicunits:...The Xiangshui to Mandal geoscience transect, which has a total length of 1,200 km, extends diagonally,from SE to NW, across the Sino-Korean plate and its ancient continental margin, passing through nine tectonicunits: the Subei-Jiaonan terrane, West Shandong block, North China rift basin, Taihang-Wutai block, Ordosblock, Hu-Bao (Hohhot-Baotou) Basin, Yinshan block and Inner Mongolian fold system. The graphic display of the transect is compiled according to the Guidelines for the Global GeoscienceTransect (GGT) Project on the basis of an integrated study of all available geological, geochemical andgeophysical data, thus bringing light to the process of cratonization of the Sino-Korean plate and its relation-ship with the transitional zone of the ancient continental margin, and the features of intraplate structures pro-duced by subsequent tectonic modifications and intraplate dynamics.展开更多
A linear projection approach is developed to present geoscience research result in planar coordinate system projected from spherical coordinate system. Here, the sphere is intersected by a plane and its surface is pro...A linear projection approach is developed to present geoscience research result in planar coordinate system projected from spherical coordinate system. Here, the sphere is intersected by a plane and its surface is projected onto the plane. In order to keep the projected coordinate system orthogonal, and minimize the distortion, one axis of the planar coordinate system is chosen in our projection based on the shape of the region to be projected, and the other axes can be chosen arbitrarily or based on the constraint of the orthogonality. In the new method the projection is self-contained. The forward projection can be fully projected backward without loss of precision. The central area of the sphere will be projected to the planar system without distortion, and the latitudinal length in the rotated spherical system keeps constant during the projecting process. Only the longitudinal length in the rotated spherical system changes with the rotated latitude. The distortion of the projection therefore, overall, is small and suitable for geoscience studies.展开更多
Gas explosion is one of the most serious events in coal mine. In consideration of the limitation of past research method about gas explosion, three-dimensional(3D) modeling and simulation are suggested. This paper ana...Gas explosion is one of the most serious events in coal mine. In consideration of the limitation of past research method about gas explosion, three-dimensional(3D) modeling and simulation are suggested. This paper analyzes the research achievements on 3D modeling, and studies the modeling method of strata and laneway based on geoscience modeling. After the 3D modeling of strata and laneways, the simulation of gas explosion(such as gas exploding, color, burning, virtual wandering and rock caving) is performed. The research method is meaningful for safety analysis and safety survey.展开更多
Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and conferences.Environmental Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interact...Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and conferences.Environmental Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with life.Research discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,i.e.how quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,etc.These analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living environment.It is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.展开更多
On the basis of abundant geological and geophysical data. 6 terranes have been distinguished on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plateau is a single integrated lithospheric unit although it is divided into blocks.With Am...On the basis of abundant geological and geophysical data. 6 terranes have been distinguished on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plateau is a single integrated lithospheric unit although it is divided into blocks.With Amdo as a boundary. the crust may be divided into two parts with different crustal structures. The struc-ture in the southern part is complex, while that in the northern part is simple. The current study has revealedthat 8 factors such as slab subduction. overthrust and superimposition are responsible for crustal shorteningand thickening in the region. The uplift of this region is possibly due to northward compression of the Indianplate and southward compression of the Eurasian plate with the former predominating. The compression led tothe asthenospheric movements which were also influenced by thermal activity caused by doming at the bound-ary between the core and mantle.展开更多
Purpose:This article presents an in-depth analysis of global research trends in Geosciences from 2014 to 2023.By integrating bibliometric analysis with expert insights from the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)initiative,t...Purpose:This article presents an in-depth analysis of global research trends in Geosciences from 2014 to 2023.By integrating bibliometric analysis with expert insights from the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)initiative,this article identifies key emerging themes shaping the landscape of Earth Sciences①.Design/methodology/approach:The identification process involved a meticulous analysis of over 400,000 papers from 466 Geosciences journals and approximately 5,800 papers from 93 interdisciplinary journals sourced from the Web of Science and Dimensions database.To map relationships between articles,citation networks were constructed,and spectral clustering algorithms were then employed to identify groups of related research,resulting in 407 clusters.Relevant research terms were extracted using the Log-Likelihood Ratio(LLR)algorithm,followed by statistical analyses on the volume of papers,average publication year,and average citation count within each cluster.Additionally,expert knowledge from DDE Scientific Committee was utilized to select top 30 trends based on their representation,relevance,and impact within Geosciences,and finalize naming of these top trends with consideration of the content and implications of the associated research.This comprehensive approach in systematically delineating and characterizing the trends in a way which is understandable to geoscientists.Findings:Thirty significant trends were identified in the field of Geosciences,spanning five domains:deep space,deep time,deep Earth,habitable Earth,and big data.These topics reflect the latest trends and advancements in Geosciences and have the potential to address real-world problems that are closely related to society,science,and technology.Research limitations:The analyzed data of this study only contain those were included in the Web of Science.Practical implications:This study will strongly support the organizations and individual scientists to understand the modern frontier of earth science,especially on solid earth.The organizations such as the surveys or natural science fund could map out areas for future exploration and analyze the hot topics reference to this study.Originality/value:This paper integrates bibliometric analysis with expert insights to highlight the most significant trends on earth science and reach the individual scientist and public by global voting.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92258303)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFF0506704 and 2023YFF0803404).
文摘Ocean geoscience is a highly integrated and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in understanding the interaction between Earth’s lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,biosphere,and anthroposphere.Recent years have seen tremendous progress in global ocean research,driven by rapid advancements in deep-sea manned and unmanned submersibles,ocean drilling,seafloor observatories,big data assimilation,and supercomputing simulations.Representative examples of breakthroughs are highlighted in this work:(1)Probing sub-seafloor processes.A 10,000-meter ocean-bottom seismometer array has achieved high-resolution imaging of the deepest ocean on the Earth-the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench,revealing the role of key tectonic and hydrological processes within the subduction zone.The first sub-ice seafloor seismic and magnetotelluric experiments were successfully conducted at the Arctic Gakkel Ridge,providing significant insights into the dynamics of ultraslow seafloor spreading.(2)Exploration of seafloor resources.Near-seafloor investigations employing underwater robotics and multi-sensor systems have been carried out in areas of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at global locations,including the Southwest Indian Ridge.These efforts have combined geophysical,oceanographic,chemical,and biological observations with extensive seafloor sampling.(3)Interdisciplinary research of complex catastrophic events.High-resolution simulations integrating ocean observations with supercomputing modeling have made it possible to fully model earthquake-induced seafloor deformation,tsunami propagation,and ocean basin-scale transport of the Fukushima Power Plant-derived radionuclides associated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.Among the world’s three major oceans,the Indian Ocean is still relatively underexplored.Major scientific challenges include elucidating crust-mantle interaction,air-sea dynamic coupling,large-scale marine hazards,and responses of ecosystems to major environmental changes,all of which require interdisciplinary collaboration.Future efforts should focus on developing intelligent unmanned observation platform systems,big data and digital twins,and AI-driven hazard modeling.Meanwhile,higher educational reforms should emphasize fostering a new generation of students and young scientists with a solid background and strong critical analysis skills to accelerate technological innovation.
文摘The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB0740000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFB3904200,No.2022YFF0711601+1 种基金Key Project of Innovation LREIS,No.PI009National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471503。
文摘Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.
文摘The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of Antarctic Earth Sciences. The XIV ISAES calls for researchers from around the globe to share their latest research and insights on the Antarctic region's geology, climate, and ecosystems.
基金the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462024YJRC021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24B2031 and 52104013).
文摘1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].
文摘The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are deeply appreciated by boththe Editors and the Publisher.We would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt thanks to the following referees for theirinvaluable input and support in reviewing manuscripts submitted in 2024.
文摘Perception and understanding of geoscience in Ireland by non-geoscientists have not been studied in depth, and an improvement in understanding how geoscience is perceived and engaged with will have significant impact on Ireland’s ability to meet a range of challenges, including hotly debated geoscience issues such as fossil fuel dependency, raw mineral management, water security, and shale gas extraction (particularly fracking). Geoscience plays an important role in society, and the understanding of geoscience of an average Irish person will be based on formal education (at primary and secondary level) and informal education through public outreach and news media. Geoscience is expanding in formal education and informal education is increasingly delivered online. Geoscience education in Ireland has not been studied in detail, and a better understanding of the state of geoscience education could improve connections between geoscientists and non-geoscientists. This paper discusses the scope of potential research into geoscience education in Ireland that could and should be undertaken in order to best understand and describe the state of geoscience education, and geoscience in society. Mixed-method research should be undertaken to study geoscience education at multiple levels and targeting multiple publics. This research into the state of geoscience education in Ireland would be valuable, to geoscientists and educators.
文摘Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.
文摘Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91962218,42273061,41873034)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2022YFC2903503)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.PA2019GDZC0093)。
文摘CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical graphs,such as scatterplot,triangular scatterplot,line chart,histogram,bar chart,box plot,pie graph,etc.In order to adapt to the geological application,the above functions are strengthened.Scatterplot and triangular scatterplot provide nearly 150 common basemaps,covering rock classification,structural environment discrimination,mineral genesis,isotope geochemistry,etc.,for the convenience of the user mapping.Meanwhile,CorelKit further provides a structural joint rose diagram and sulfur isotopic composition diagram.This software also has many practical functions such as Bézier line topology,Multiple Bézier lines close fill,Single inner fill,Correction basemap,Add a compass,Add a scale,which facilitates daily geological drawing.The software has a friendly interface,in both Chinese and English versions,and is suitable for CorelDraw X4 and later versions.We introduced the Bézier line topology to CorelKit for the first time,which is similar to the GIS®topology for geological maps.According to the“GB/T 958-2015 Geological Legends Used for Regional Geological Map”,a two-color filling library of rock pattern pictures is established,which is convenient to realize the twocolor filling of sedimentary rocks,metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks patterns.Obviously,CorelKit makes up for many shortcomings of CorelDraw in geosciences and is a very practical tool for geoscience researchers.
文摘Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By using examples in the field of geosciences, we analyze challenges raised by ontology dynamics, such as heavy reworking of data, semantic heterogeneity among data providers and users, and error propagation in cross-discipline data discovery and re-use. We also make recommendations to address these challenges： （1） communities of practice on ontologies to re- duce inconsistency and duplicated efforts; （2） use ontologies in the procedure of data collection and make them accessible to data users; and （3） seek methods to speed up the reworking of data in a Semantic Web context.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2016YFC0600509)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41972312,41672329)the Project of China Geological Survey(No.1212011120341)。
文摘The idea of mineral exploration,which is called"exploration philosophy"in the Western countries,is the thoughts,the methodology,technology,goals and organization that guide mineral exploration.The three basic elements of mineral exploration are"what to find","where to find"and"how to find".The concept of mineral exploration is gradually changing with the development of these three elements that provide a powerful driving force to change mineral exploration concepts,methods and technology.Innovation of mineral exploration concepts is the result of continuing exploration and development keeping pace with the times.The combination of"mathematical geology"and"information technology"can be called"digital geology".Digital geology is the data analysis component of geological science.Geological data science is a science that uses the general methodology of data to study geology based on the characteristics of geological data and the needs of geological field work.Digital mineral exploration is the application of digital geology in mineral exploration to reduce ore-finding uncertainty.
基金This study was supported by the project of China Geological Survey on a systematic assessment of ecological protection and natural resources utilization(DD20211413)。
文摘In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
文摘The Xiangshui to Mandal geoscience transect, which has a total length of 1,200 km, extends diagonally,from SE to NW, across the Sino-Korean plate and its ancient continental margin, passing through nine tectonicunits: the Subei-Jiaonan terrane, West Shandong block, North China rift basin, Taihang-Wutai block, Ordosblock, Hu-Bao (Hohhot-Baotou) Basin, Yinshan block and Inner Mongolian fold system. The graphic display of the transect is compiled according to the Guidelines for the Global GeoscienceTransect (GGT) Project on the basis of an integrated study of all available geological, geochemical andgeophysical data, thus bringing light to the process of cratonization of the Sino-Korean plate and its relation-ship with the transitional zone of the ancient continental margin, and the features of intraplate structures pro-duced by subsequent tectonic modifications and intraplate dynamics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41174086, 41074052, 40974034, and 41021003)
文摘A linear projection approach is developed to present geoscience research result in planar coordinate system projected from spherical coordinate system. Here, the sphere is intersected by a plane and its surface is projected onto the plane. In order to keep the projected coordinate system orthogonal, and minimize the distortion, one axis of the planar coordinate system is chosen in our projection based on the shape of the region to be projected, and the other axes can be chosen arbitrarily or based on the constraint of the orthogonality. In the new method the projection is self-contained. The forward projection can be fully projected backward without loss of precision. The central area of the sphere will be projected to the planar system without distortion, and the latitudinal length in the rotated spherical system keeps constant during the projecting process. Only the longitudinal length in the rotated spherical system changes with the rotated latitude. The distortion of the projection therefore, overall, is small and suitable for geoscience studies.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development(863)Program of China(No.2007AA06Z108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51474050,51179031and 51074042)
文摘Gas explosion is one of the most serious events in coal mine. In consideration of the limitation of past research method about gas explosion, three-dimensional(3D) modeling and simulation are suggested. This paper analyzes the research achievements on 3D modeling, and studies the modeling method of strata and laneway based on geoscience modeling. After the 3D modeling of strata and laneways, the simulation of gas explosion(such as gas exploding, color, burning, virtual wandering and rock caving) is performed. The research method is meaningful for safety analysis and safety survey.
文摘Climate change and its impacts have become topical issues of global news,scientific research and conferences.Environmental Geosciences incorporate the various disciplines of geosciences and their multifaceted interactions with life.Research discussions on the interaction of climate change,geosciences and environment may often be blur,and Schmidt-Thoméet al.(2010)stated that“Often past climate changes that can be deduced from geological records may help in understanding the speed of potential climate change effects,i.e.how quickly have sea levels changed,how drastic has nature reacted to ups and downs in temperature,etc.These analyses of past events help in giving outlooks on potential changes in our living environment.It is also of important to understand the magnitude and potential effects of extreme events,such as droughts and floods”.
文摘On the basis of abundant geological and geophysical data. 6 terranes have been distinguished on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plateau is a single integrated lithospheric unit although it is divided into blocks.With Amdo as a boundary. the crust may be divided into two parts with different crustal structures. The struc-ture in the southern part is complex, while that in the northern part is simple. The current study has revealedthat 8 factors such as slab subduction. overthrust and superimposition are responsible for crustal shorteningand thickening in the region. The uplift of this region is possibly due to northward compression of the Indianplate and southward compression of the Eurasian plate with the former predominating. The compression led tothe asthenospheric movements which were also influenced by thermal activity caused by doming at the bound-ary between the core and mantle.
文摘Purpose:This article presents an in-depth analysis of global research trends in Geosciences from 2014 to 2023.By integrating bibliometric analysis with expert insights from the Deep-time Digital Earth(DDE)initiative,this article identifies key emerging themes shaping the landscape of Earth Sciences①.Design/methodology/approach:The identification process involved a meticulous analysis of over 400,000 papers from 466 Geosciences journals and approximately 5,800 papers from 93 interdisciplinary journals sourced from the Web of Science and Dimensions database.To map relationships between articles,citation networks were constructed,and spectral clustering algorithms were then employed to identify groups of related research,resulting in 407 clusters.Relevant research terms were extracted using the Log-Likelihood Ratio(LLR)algorithm,followed by statistical analyses on the volume of papers,average publication year,and average citation count within each cluster.Additionally,expert knowledge from DDE Scientific Committee was utilized to select top 30 trends based on their representation,relevance,and impact within Geosciences,and finalize naming of these top trends with consideration of the content and implications of the associated research.This comprehensive approach in systematically delineating and characterizing the trends in a way which is understandable to geoscientists.Findings:Thirty significant trends were identified in the field of Geosciences,spanning five domains:deep space,deep time,deep Earth,habitable Earth,and big data.These topics reflect the latest trends and advancements in Geosciences and have the potential to address real-world problems that are closely related to society,science,and technology.Research limitations:The analyzed data of this study only contain those were included in the Web of Science.Practical implications:This study will strongly support the organizations and individual scientists to understand the modern frontier of earth science,especially on solid earth.The organizations such as the surveys or natural science fund could map out areas for future exploration and analyze the hot topics reference to this study.Originality/value:This paper integrates bibliometric analysis with expert insights to highlight the most significant trends on earth science and reach the individual scientist and public by global voting.
