Two geoparks in China-one in north-western Qinghai Province and the other in south-western Chongqing Municipality-have been designated as UNESCO Global Geoparks.With these additions,China now has 49 UNESCO Global Geop...Two geoparks in China-one in north-western Qinghai Province and the other in south-western Chongqing Municipality-have been designated as UNESCO Global Geoparks.With these additions,China now has 49 UNESCO Global Geoparks,the highest number in the world.Kanbula National Geopark in Qinghai spans around 3,149 square km and is known for its striking Danxia landforms,towering peaks,hidden caves,and emerald lakes.展开更多
This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage b...This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage by implementing simple measures based on communication and prevention.Natural and anthropic hazards derived from climate change are endangering heritage and the well-ness of the society.Geoheritage is vulnerable.Nowadays we are witnessing the destruction of monuments with high emotional significance due to wars,but climate change is also contributing to the loss of the same cultural heritage.Prevention is often the best way to protect geoheritage from disappearing and society is the best agent to implement preventive measures.Citizens are often unaware of the important treasures they have around them.Geoparks have been a great tool to bring awareness in society,since by involving the public in the whole process of recognition and promotion,they protect the space and the cultural and economic values associated with them.It is important to communicate the initiatives taking place in the Geoparks to explain the importance of geology and the risk of losing the geoheritage if natural hazards increase.Las Loras study is a good practice to implement in other Geoparks.展开更多
This paper examines World Geopark in South Korea as a case study.It begins by outlining the geological and tectonic background of the Korean Peninsula,whose basement consists of Archean to Paleoproterozoic rocks.These...This paper examines World Geopark in South Korea as a case study.It begins by outlining the geological and tectonic background of the Korean Peninsula,whose basement consists of Archean to Paleoproterozoic rocks.These rocks form three continental blocks and constitute a rich geological foundation shaped by multi-stage evolution.The distribution and characteristics of global geoparks are then analyzed.As of 2025,South Korea is home to seven UNESCO Global Geoparks(designated between 2010 and 2025),which feature diverse landforms such as volcanic,sedimentary,and structural formations,with some sites also encompassing cultural relics.Finally,the study highlights that 25 of South Korea's national parks have not yet applied for geopark status and thus hold significant potential.Due to differing evaluation criteria between UNESCO Global Geoparks and South Korea's national parks,future applications involving multiple parks could expand the scale of geoparks,providing valuable insights for geoscience research and park development across East Asia.展开更多
The fossil shells on the sedimentary rocks were collected from The Historical Park,Ban Sap Noi Geopark,Phetchabun Province,Thailand.However,the fossils remained in this area were investigated on the characteristic spe...The fossil shells on the sedimentary rocks were collected from The Historical Park,Ban Sap Noi Geopark,Phetchabun Province,Thailand.However,the fossils remained in this area were investigated on the characteristic species only in geological studies with taxonomy for fossil age predicting.To fill up the gap of these studies,the material characterization techniques were used to study the chemical composition and structure of fossil shells I,II and III.The results clearly showed that the morphologies of all fossil shells were Brachiopod fossils with different species.The functional group and elemental composition of all fossil shells showed that the high content of calcium carbonate was a major composition.In addition,the high content of quartz indicated the silica precipitation phenomenon in all fossil shells.The element composition of cross-sectional morphology and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS mapping) were used to confirm the presence of Si element in each zone of fossil shells.The crystal structures of all fossil shells were investigated and indicated that the calcium carbonate compound was a calcite phase and silicon dioxide compound was a quartz phase.Moreover,the crystal structure of quartz phase was used to calculate the crystallinity index.The crystallinity index values in all fossil shells indicated a well-crystallized quartz.The age of fossil shells was estimated and found to be brachiopod fossil in carboniferous period with the age of about 359.2 to 299.0 million years.展开更多
This study evaluates the impact of the"4GEON;Four continents connected through geoeducation"project on engaging local and Indigenous communities within UNE-SCO Global Geoparks(UGGps)through immersive and pla...This study evaluates the impact of the"4GEON;Four continents connected through geoeducation"project on engaging local and Indigenous communities within UNE-SCO Global Geoparks(UGGps)through immersive and playful geoeducation initiatives.It aims to assess the effects on environmental commitment,participation,perception of geological heritage,and fostering sustainable development and social responsibility among youths in selected geoparks.Qualitative research techniques,including semi-structured interviews and dynamic discussions,were employed.The systematic analysis of project documentation and align-ment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)was conducted to understand the project's broader implications.The findings underscore the crucial role of systematic knowledge transfer in enhancing geo-education within geoparks and emphasize the importance of inclusive communication,with a specific focus on the intercultural dimension of knowledge exchange.By fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultural perspectives,the project contributes to bridging gaps and building mutual respect among different communities.Practi-cal implications include insights for designing effective educational strategies that acknowledge and respect cultural diversity,aligning initiatives with SDGs,and leveraging Information and Communication Technology(ICT)tools to enhance engagement and learning outcomes,particu-larly for youth audiences.展开更多
Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a specia...Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a special edition for the International Geological Congress 2024,this article shares the latest scholarship on Jeju’s volcanic geoheritage sites to enhance public understanding of the island’s geoheritage as earlier misconceptions continue to spread through books,websites,and information boards,etc.Despite long being interpreted as a typical shield volcano,for example,Mt.Hallasan has been recategorized as a polygenetic and composite volcano that formed through Strombolian eruptions,lava effusions,and magma intrusions from 200,000 to 17,000 years ago.Moreover,although once interpreted as a single scoria cone that formed a thousand years ago,Biyangdo Island(Biyangbong)formed through subaerial volcanic eruptions 26,000 years ago that produced both a scoria cone and a spatter cone.This research is presented with the latest research on other volcano-related Jeju Island Global Geopark geosites,including Suwolbong Tuff Cone and Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Ring.Alongside regular research and monitoring,public awareness is essential to ensure sustainable protection due to increasing rockfalls caused by rising sea levels at coastal geosites and climate changeexacerbated freeze-thaw weathering at inland sites on Mt.Hallasan.展开更多
The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils we...The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.展开更多
Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the wor...Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the worst evaluation was that on tour guidance and visitor center;the worsen evaluation was that on advice brand,prints,audio-visual products and signboards.The reasons were:the guide quality was low and interpretation content was not scientific;signboards were few in quantity and unreasonable in arrangement;audio-visual products and guideposts were few in species,poor in practical applicability and not exquisite in design;visitor center of the scenic area provided less information services and convenient services.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to perfect tourism interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark.展开更多
The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National ...The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.展开更多
El Jadida,Morocco,20-28 November 2011 The African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)created the African Geoparks Network(AGN)during the preparatory meeting of its fifth conference entitled“Women and Geoscience...El Jadida,Morocco,20-28 November 2011 The African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)created the African Geoparks Network(AGN)during the preparatory meeting of its fifth conference entitled“Women and Geosciences for Peace”held in Abidjan,Ivory Coast in May 2009.It is now considered as a project of the association.The AGN aims to(i)Identify and make an inventory of the geological sites of outstanding value in Africa;(ii)Promote and increase the awareness among policy makers and the general public in Africa,particularly local communities about the necessity of the protection and the valorization of African geological heritage through the creation of geoparks for a sustainable local development,(iii)Build the capacity of local population in the field of geoheritage and geoconservation through a strong networking and the organization of conferences,seminars,symposia,training courses and workshops.展开更多
This paper reports the perceptions and ideas expressed by students about geological heritage and geoparks and learning results within the framework of a research in science education focussed on students from two clas...This paper reports the perceptions and ideas expressed by students about geological heritage and geoparks and learning results within the framework of a research in science education focussed on students from two classes of 11^(th)grade(ages 16 to 18)of a secondary school in Portugal.Considering that geoparks can be assumed as territories with educational resources of great importance in promoting education for sustainable development,mobilizing knowledge inherent to the Earth Sciences,and to geoconservation in particular,the activities with the students were held in the classroom and in the field,the latter within a field trip to the Arouca Global Geopark(Portugal).In this context,resorting to strategies of fieldwork in small groups,we sought to explore with students,geodiversity elements recognizable in five of its geosites.展开更多
A Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significancewith a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.Global Geoparks use the local ...A Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significancewith a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.Global Geoparks use the local and regional geological heritage with its strong relation to the technical and cultural heritage in the area to promote awareness of key issues facing society;to educate visitors and local communities;and to link these local and regionalpeculiarities to the broader aspects of the area’s natural and cultural environment in the context of the dynamic planet we all live on.展开更多
The African Geoparks Network(AGN)was initiated by the African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)during its fifth pre-conference meeting in Abidjan,Ivory Coast in May 2009.The AGN aims to identify,promote,and ad...The African Geoparks Network(AGN)was initiated by the African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)during its fifth pre-conference meeting in Abidjan,Ivory Coast in May 2009.The AGN aims to identify,promote,and advise on the importance of the valorization and the preservation of African geoheritage for local sustainable development.In that framework,the AAWG and the AGN in collaboration with UNESCO Cairo Office are organizing the First International Conference on African and Arabian Geoparks from the 20th to the 28th November 2011 in El Jadida(Morocco).展开更多
A UNESCO Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significance with a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.UNESCO Global Geoparks...A UNESCO Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significance with a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.UNESCO Global Geoparks use the local and regional geological heritage with its strong relation to the technical and cultural heritage in the area to promote awareness of key issues facing society;to educate visitors and local communities;and to link these local and regionalpeculiarities to the broader aspects of the area’s natural and cultural environment in the context of the dynamic planet we all live on.展开更多
Since the year 2000 China has created 139 National Geoparks;it started under the guidance of the former UNESCO’s Division of Earth Science,and has therefore become one of the pioneers in this aspect.Many National Geo...Since the year 2000 China has created 139 National Geoparks;it started under the guidance of the former UNESCO’s Division of Earth Science,and has therefore become one of the pioneers in this aspect.Many National Geoparks in China have been described over the past decade,but an understanding of the range of various landform features and their connection with geological and climatic constraints has not previously been published.Based on an increasing awareness of National Geoparks,the aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive overview of the National Geoparks of China by reviewing the geological heritage and their intrinsic linkages with geological and climatic controls.A regional comparison of the widespread clastic and karst Geopark landforms indicates that the development of these terrains can only be understood within a synthesis of tectonic constraints,climatic changes and lithological properties,whereas the variety of types,forms,scales and development patterns reflect processes in various climatic settings.展开更多
The Yunmengshan Geopark in northern Beijing is located within the Yanshan range. It contains the Yunmengshan batholith, which is dominated by two plutons： the Yunmengshan gneissic granite and the Shicheng gneissic di...The Yunmengshan Geopark in northern Beijing is located within the Yanshan range. It contains the Yunmengshan batholith, which is dominated by two plutons： the Yunmengshan gneissic granite and the Shicheng gneissic diorite. Four samples of the Yunmengshan gneissic granite give SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages from 145 to 141 Ma, whereas four samples of the Shicheng gneissic diorite have ages from 159 Ma to 151 Ma. Dikes that cut the Yunmengshan diorite record SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 162±2 and 156±4 Ma. The cumulative plots of zircons from the diorites show a peak age of 155 Ma, without inherited zircon cores, and the peak age of 142 Ma for granite is interpreted as the emplacement age of the Yunmengshan granitic pluton, whose igneous zircons contain inherited zircon cores. The data presented here show that there were two pulses of magmatism： early diorites, followed c13 Ma later by true granites, which incorporated material from an older continental crust.展开更多
The Jianglangshan Geopark in the western Zhejiang Province of Southeast China is well-known for its spectacular red-colored sandstone landforms. Little is known about the depositional processes of the conglomerate-dom...The Jianglangshan Geopark in the western Zhejiang Province of Southeast China is well-known for its spectacular red-colored sandstone landforms. Little is known about the depositional processes of the conglomerate-dominated Fangyan Formation, the lithologic base of the Danxia landforms in this geopark. Based on detailed field investigation of lithology, sedimentary structures, bed thickness and geometry, five facies are recognized: facies A(matrixsupported cobble conglomerate), facies B(pebble conglomerate), facies C(pebbly sandstone), facies D(fine-grained sandstone) and facies E(mudstone). The results show that streamflow-dominated fans were the main depositional processes responsible for the accumulation of the Fangyan Formation along the mountain fronts. These fan conglomerates form the base for the evolution of the Danxia landscapes owing to the uplift and erosion of the study area. In contrast, the fine-grained sedimentary successions produced by fluvial floodplains in the distal part of the fans were thinner and more easily weathered. Such sedimentary facies distribution patterns were thought to be similar during Late Cretaceous across Southeast China. The Danxia landforms are largely the geographical expressions of the conglomerate-dominated redbeds in the proximal-middle fans.展开更多
The tafoni that develop in sandstone cliffs have attracted the interest of both scientists and the general public. A necklace-like tafone system, referred to here as beaded tafoni, has developed in the prominent cliff...The tafoni that develop in sandstone cliffs have attracted the interest of both scientists and the general public. A necklace-like tafone system, referred to here as beaded tafoni, has developed in the prominent cliffs of the Danxia landscapes within the Longhushan Global Geopark in the subtropical zone of South China. This paper presents a new model of the formation of this system of extraordinary beaded tafoni. The cliffs of the Danxia landscapes of the study area are composed of an alluvial conglomerate(i.e.,red beds). These Danxia landscapes have subrounded summits that are covered by vegetation and experience a nearly vertical water flow induced by gravity. Erosion and collapse of the outsized gravels and concentrated pebbles in the red beds give rise to the initial development of the beaded tafoni. The tafoni then become rounded and beaded as a result of reworking and decay by fluvial outwash. During storms, intense water flows run vertically down the cliffs and generate a whirling motion in the tafoni.Consequently, the inside walls of the tafoni gradually become wider and smoother. During the late development stage, the beaded tafoni tend to become indistinct or disappear because of the interconnection of the tafoni and subsequent merging with the bedding-controlled cavities.展开更多
The conservation of geological remains in China, especially in renowned sites with historical or cultural significance, has long been paid attention to. As the urban residents become more interested in returning to an...The conservation of geological remains in China, especially in renowned sites with historical or cultural significance, has long been paid attention to. As the urban residents become more interested in returning to and harmony with the nature, tourism related sciences and knowledge gets more attractive. Geosites and geoparks can definitely play an important role to lead this historic tendency.展开更多
文摘Two geoparks in China-one in north-western Qinghai Province and the other in south-western Chongqing Municipality-have been designated as UNESCO Global Geoparks.With these additions,China now has 49 UNESCO Global Geoparks,the highest number in the world.Kanbula National Geopark in Qinghai spans around 3,149 square km and is known for its striking Danxia landforms,towering peaks,hidden caves,and emerald lakes.
文摘This paper is focused on discussing the case of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark,in Spain,as an example to show the contribution of Geoparks to the dissemination of science and the relevance of preserving geoheritage by implementing simple measures based on communication and prevention.Natural and anthropic hazards derived from climate change are endangering heritage and the well-ness of the society.Geoheritage is vulnerable.Nowadays we are witnessing the destruction of monuments with high emotional significance due to wars,but climate change is also contributing to the loss of the same cultural heritage.Prevention is often the best way to protect geoheritage from disappearing and society is the best agent to implement preventive measures.Citizens are often unaware of the important treasures they have around them.Geoparks have been a great tool to bring awareness in society,since by involving the public in the whole process of recognition and promotion,they protect the space and the cultural and economic values associated with them.It is important to communicate the initiatives taking place in the Geoparks to explain the importance of geology and the risk of losing the geoheritage if natural hazards increase.Las Loras study is a good practice to implement in other Geoparks.
文摘This paper examines World Geopark in South Korea as a case study.It begins by outlining the geological and tectonic background of the Korean Peninsula,whose basement consists of Archean to Paleoproterozoic rocks.These rocks form three continental blocks and constitute a rich geological foundation shaped by multi-stage evolution.The distribution and characteristics of global geoparks are then analyzed.As of 2025,South Korea is home to seven UNESCO Global Geoparks(designated between 2010 and 2025),which feature diverse landforms such as volcanic,sedimentary,and structural formations,with some sites also encompassing cultural relics.Finally,the study highlights that 25 of South Korea's national parks have not yet applied for geopark status and thus hold significant potential.Due to differing evaluation criteria between UNESCO Global Geoparks and South Korea's national parks,future applications involving multiple parks could expand the scale of geoparks,providing valuable insights for geoscience research and park development across East Asia.
基金supported by the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand (SAST)the support of Office of Atom for Peace,Thailand and Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (a public organization) for providing facilities for some experiment in this work。
文摘The fossil shells on the sedimentary rocks were collected from The Historical Park,Ban Sap Noi Geopark,Phetchabun Province,Thailand.However,the fossils remained in this area were investigated on the characteristic species only in geological studies with taxonomy for fossil age predicting.To fill up the gap of these studies,the material characterization techniques were used to study the chemical composition and structure of fossil shells I,II and III.The results clearly showed that the morphologies of all fossil shells were Brachiopod fossils with different species.The functional group and elemental composition of all fossil shells showed that the high content of calcium carbonate was a major composition.In addition,the high content of quartz indicated the silica precipitation phenomenon in all fossil shells.The element composition of cross-sectional morphology and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS mapping) were used to confirm the presence of Si element in each zone of fossil shells.The crystal structures of all fossil shells were investigated and indicated that the calcium carbonate compound was a calcite phase and silicon dioxide compound was a quartz phase.Moreover,the crystal structure of quartz phase was used to calculate the crystallinity index.The crystallinity index values in all fossil shells indicated a well-crystallized quartz.The age of fossil shells was estimated and found to be brachiopod fossil in carboniferous period with the age of about 359.2 to 299.0 million years.
基金support of the Project“751-4GEON:Four Con-tinents Connected through Playful Geoeducation”and financial sup-port of the Specific Research Project“Information and Knowledge Management and Cognitive Science in Tourism”of FIM UHK is gratefully acknowledged.The authors wish to express their thanks to StanislavŠafránek,FIM UHK student,and David Zejda and Zuzana Kroulíková,former FIM UHK students,who assisted with the graphical elements.
文摘This study evaluates the impact of the"4GEON;Four continents connected through geoeducation"project on engaging local and Indigenous communities within UNE-SCO Global Geoparks(UGGps)through immersive and playful geoeducation initiatives.It aims to assess the effects on environmental commitment,participation,perception of geological heritage,and fostering sustainable development and social responsibility among youths in selected geoparks.Qualitative research techniques,including semi-structured interviews and dynamic discussions,were employed.The systematic analysis of project documentation and align-ment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)was conducted to understand the project's broader implications.The findings underscore the crucial role of systematic knowledge transfer in enhancing geo-education within geoparks and emphasize the importance of inclusive communication,with a specific focus on the intercultural dimension of knowledge exchange.By fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultural perspectives,the project contributes to bridging gaps and building mutual respect among different communities.Practi-cal implications include insights for designing effective educational strategies that acknowledge and respect cultural diversity,aligning initiatives with SDGs,and leveraging Information and Communication Technology(ICT)tools to enhance engagement and learning outcomes,particu-larly for youth audiences.
基金supported by the Jeju World Heritage Office of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province.
文摘Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a special edition for the International Geological Congress 2024,this article shares the latest scholarship on Jeju’s volcanic geoheritage sites to enhance public understanding of the island’s geoheritage as earlier misconceptions continue to spread through books,websites,and information boards,etc.Despite long being interpreted as a typical shield volcano,for example,Mt.Hallasan has been recategorized as a polygenetic and composite volcano that formed through Strombolian eruptions,lava effusions,and magma intrusions from 200,000 to 17,000 years ago.Moreover,although once interpreted as a single scoria cone that formed a thousand years ago,Biyangdo Island(Biyangbong)formed through subaerial volcanic eruptions 26,000 years ago that produced both a scoria cone and a spatter cone.This research is presented with the latest research on other volcano-related Jeju Island Global Geopark geosites,including Suwolbong Tuff Cone and Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Ring.Alongside regular research and monitoring,public awareness is essential to ensure sustainable protection due to increasing rockfalls caused by rising sea levels at coastal geosites and climate changeexacerbated freeze-thaw weathering at inland sites on Mt.Hallasan.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC30200040) and the Thousand-hundred-ten Talent Engineering project of Guangdong Province, P. R. China (03130401)
文摘The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.
基金Supported by Programs of Department of Education of Shaanxi Province (08JK045,07JK079)~~
文摘Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the worst evaluation was that on tour guidance and visitor center;the worsen evaluation was that on advice brand,prints,audio-visual products and signboards.The reasons were:the guide quality was low and interpretation content was not scientific;signboards were few in quantity and unreasonable in arrangement;audio-visual products and guideposts were few in species,poor in practical applicability and not exquisite in design;visitor center of the scenic area provided less information services and convenient services.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to perfect tourism interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark.
基金Lab Construction Support Funding for Returned Oversea Scholars, Ministry of Education, No.[2003]18
文摘The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.
文摘El Jadida,Morocco,20-28 November 2011 The African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)created the African Geoparks Network(AGN)during the preparatory meeting of its fifth conference entitled“Women and Geosciences for Peace”held in Abidjan,Ivory Coast in May 2009.It is now considered as a project of the association.The AGN aims to(i)Identify and make an inventory of the geological sites of outstanding value in Africa;(ii)Promote and increase the awareness among policy makers and the general public in Africa,particularly local communities about the necessity of the protection and the valorization of African geological heritage through the creation of geoparks for a sustainable local development,(iii)Build the capacity of local population in the field of geoheritage and geoconservation through a strong networking and the organization of conferences,seminars,symposia,training courses and workshops.
文摘This paper reports the perceptions and ideas expressed by students about geological heritage and geoparks and learning results within the framework of a research in science education focussed on students from two classes of 11^(th)grade(ages 16 to 18)of a secondary school in Portugal.Considering that geoparks can be assumed as territories with educational resources of great importance in promoting education for sustainable development,mobilizing knowledge inherent to the Earth Sciences,and to geoconservation in particular,the activities with the students were held in the classroom and in the field,the latter within a field trip to the Arouca Global Geopark(Portugal).In this context,resorting to strategies of fieldwork in small groups,we sought to explore with students,geodiversity elements recognizable in five of its geosites.
文摘A Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significancewith a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.Global Geoparks use the local and regional geological heritage with its strong relation to the technical and cultural heritage in the area to promote awareness of key issues facing society;to educate visitors and local communities;and to link these local and regionalpeculiarities to the broader aspects of the area’s natural and cultural environment in the context of the dynamic planet we all live on.
文摘The African Geoparks Network(AGN)was initiated by the African Association of Women in Geosciences(AAWG)during its fifth pre-conference meeting in Abidjan,Ivory Coast in May 2009.The AGN aims to identify,promote,and advise on the importance of the valorization and the preservation of African geoheritage for local sustainable development.In that framework,the AAWG and the AGN in collaboration with UNESCO Cairo Office are organizing the First International Conference on African and Arabian Geoparks from the 20th to the 28th November 2011 in El Jadida(Morocco).
文摘A UNESCO Global Geopark is a unified area with geological heritage of international significance with a strong management structure and sustainable economic development strategy already in place.UNESCO Global Geoparks use the local and regional geological heritage with its strong relation to the technical and cultural heritage in the area to promote awareness of key issues facing society;to educate visitors and local communities;and to link these local and regionalpeculiarities to the broader aspects of the area’s natural and cultural environment in the context of the dynamic planet we all live on.
文摘Since the year 2000 China has created 139 National Geoparks;it started under the guidance of the former UNESCO’s Division of Earth Science,and has therefore become one of the pioneers in this aspect.Many National Geoparks in China have been described over the past decade,but an understanding of the range of various landform features and their connection with geological and climatic constraints has not previously been published.Based on an increasing awareness of National Geoparks,the aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive overview of the National Geoparks of China by reviewing the geological heritage and their intrinsic linkages with geological and climatic controls.A regional comparison of the widespread clastic and karst Geopark landforms indicates that the development of these terrains can only be understood within a synthesis of tectonic constraints,climatic changes and lithological properties,whereas the variety of types,forms,scales and development patterns reflect processes in various climatic settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.:40703012)the Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Peoples Republic of China(no.:J0809),and Miyun Tourism Administration for the Yunmengshan National Geopark.
文摘The Yunmengshan Geopark in northern Beijing is located within the Yanshan range. It contains the Yunmengshan batholith, which is dominated by two plutons： the Yunmengshan gneissic granite and the Shicheng gneissic diorite. Four samples of the Yunmengshan gneissic granite give SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages from 145 to 141 Ma, whereas four samples of the Shicheng gneissic diorite have ages from 159 Ma to 151 Ma. Dikes that cut the Yunmengshan diorite record SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 162±2 and 156±4 Ma. The cumulative plots of zircons from the diorites show a peak age of 155 Ma, without inherited zircon cores, and the peak age of 142 Ma for granite is interpreted as the emplacement age of the Yunmengshan granitic pluton, whose igneous zircons contain inherited zircon cores. The data presented here show that there were two pulses of magmatism： early diorites, followed c13 Ma later by true granites, which incorporated material from an older continental crust.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41602113)the Open Research Fund fromthe State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment (East China University of Technology) (Grant No. NRE1605)
文摘The Jianglangshan Geopark in the western Zhejiang Province of Southeast China is well-known for its spectacular red-colored sandstone landforms. Little is known about the depositional processes of the conglomerate-dominated Fangyan Formation, the lithologic base of the Danxia landforms in this geopark. Based on detailed field investigation of lithology, sedimentary structures, bed thickness and geometry, five facies are recognized: facies A(matrixsupported cobble conglomerate), facies B(pebble conglomerate), facies C(pebbly sandstone), facies D(fine-grained sandstone) and facies E(mudstone). The results show that streamflow-dominated fans were the main depositional processes responsible for the accumulation of the Fangyan Formation along the mountain fronts. These fan conglomerates form the base for the evolution of the Danxia landscapes owing to the uplift and erosion of the study area. In contrast, the fine-grained sedimentary successions produced by fluvial floodplains in the distal part of the fans were thinner and more easily weathered. Such sedimentary facies distribution patterns were thought to be similar during Late Cretaceous across Southeast China. The Danxia landforms are largely the geographical expressions of the conglomerate-dominated redbeds in the proximal-middle fans.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41772197, 41602113)Open Research Fund from the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals (Shandong University of Science and Technology+1 种基金 Grant No. DMSM2017011)Jiangxi Provincial Graduate Innovation Fund Project (YC2018-S336)
文摘The tafoni that develop in sandstone cliffs have attracted the interest of both scientists and the general public. A necklace-like tafone system, referred to here as beaded tafoni, has developed in the prominent cliffs of the Danxia landscapes within the Longhushan Global Geopark in the subtropical zone of South China. This paper presents a new model of the formation of this system of extraordinary beaded tafoni. The cliffs of the Danxia landscapes of the study area are composed of an alluvial conglomerate(i.e.,red beds). These Danxia landscapes have subrounded summits that are covered by vegetation and experience a nearly vertical water flow induced by gravity. Erosion and collapse of the outsized gravels and concentrated pebbles in the red beds give rise to the initial development of the beaded tafoni. The tafoni then become rounded and beaded as a result of reworking and decay by fluvial outwash. During storms, intense water flows run vertically down the cliffs and generate a whirling motion in the tafoni.Consequently, the inside walls of the tafoni gradually become wider and smoother. During the late development stage, the beaded tafoni tend to become indistinct or disappear because of the interconnection of the tafoni and subsequent merging with the bedding-controlled cavities.
文摘The conservation of geological remains in China, especially in renowned sites with historical or cultural significance, has long been paid attention to. As the urban residents become more interested in returning to and harmony with the nature, tourism related sciences and knowledge gets more attractive. Geosites and geoparks can definitely play an important role to lead this historic tendency.
