The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province,China.It induced a mass of secondary geological disasters,such as collapses,landslides,and debris flows.Risk assessment maps are important for ...The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province,China.It induced a mass of secondary geological disasters,such as collapses,landslides,and debris flows.Risk assessment maps are important for geological disaster prevention and mitigation,and also can serve as a guide for post-earthquake reconstruction.Firstly,a hazard assessment index system of secondary geological disasters in the earthquake region was built in this paper,which was based on detailed analysis of environmental and triggering factors closely related to geological disasters in the study area.GIS technology was utilized to extract and analyze the assessment index.Hazard assessment maps of secondary geological disasters were obtained by spatial modeling and overlaying analysis.Secondly,an analysis of the vulnerability of hazard bearing bodies in the area was conducted,important information,such as, population density,percentage of arable land, industrial and agricultural outputs per unit area were regarded as assessment indices to evaluate socioeconomic vulnerability.Thirdly,the risk level of secondary geological disasters of the area was obtained by the formula:Risk=Hazard×Vulnerability. Risk assessment maps were categorized into four levels,including"low","moderate","high"and"very high".These results show that some urban areas are at very high risk,including Jiegu,Chengwen,Xiaxiula and Sahuteng towns.This research can provide some references and suggestions to improve decisionmaking support for emergency relief and post- earthquake reconstruction in the study area.展开更多
The study established daily comprehensive precipitation equations and calculated respective critical daily comprehensive precipitation value of loess-collapse disasters and landslide disasters by dint of the geologica...The study established daily comprehensive precipitation equations and calculated respective critical daily comprehensive precipitation value of loess-collapse disasters and landslide disasters by dint of the geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data in 47 years.Considering geological disaster risk divisions,precipitation influence coefficient and daily comprehensive precipitation,hourly rolling daily-forecasting and hourly warning fine and no-gap models on the base of high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall data of automatic meteorological station were developed.Through the verifying of combination of dynamical forecasting model and warning model,the results showed that it can improve efficiency of forecast and have good response at the same time.展开更多
Based on the meteorological and geological disaster data, ground observation data set, CLDAS grid point data set, and EC, BJ and other model product data during 2008-2020, the temporal and spatial distribution charact...Based on the meteorological and geological disaster data, ground observation data set, CLDAS grid point data set, and EC, BJ and other model product data during 2008-2020, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological and geological disasters and precipitation were analyzed, and the causes of the occurrence of meteorological geological disasters and the deviation of model precipitation forecast were revealed. Besides, an objective precipitation forecast system and a forecast and early warning system of meteorological and geological disasters were established. The results show that meteorological and geological disasters and precipitation were mainly concentrated from May to October, of which continuous precipitation appeared frequently in June and September, and convective precipitation was mainly distributed in July-August;the occurrence frequency of meteorological and geological disasters was basically consistent with the distribution of accumulated precipitation and short-term heavy precipitation, and they were mainly concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of Qinghai. Meteorological and geological disasters were basically caused by heavy rain and above, and meteorological and geological disasters were divided into three types: continuous precipitation(type I), short-term heavy precipitation(type II) and mixed precipitation(type III). For type I, the early warning conditions of meteorological and geological disasters in Qinghai are as follows: if the soil volumetric water content difference between 0-10 and 10-40 cm is ≤0.03 mm^(3)/mm^(3), or the soil volumetric water content at one of the depths is ≥0.25 mm^(3)/mm^(3), the future effective precipitation reaches 8.4 mm in 1 h, 10.2 mm in 2 h, 11.5 mm in 3 h, 14.2 mm in 6 h, 17.7 mm in 12 h, and 18.2 mm in 24 h, and such warning conditions are mainly used in Yushu, Guoluo, southern Hainan, southern Huangnan and other places. For type II, when the future effective precipitation is up to 11.5 mm in 1 h, 14.9 mm in 2 h, 16.2 mm in 3 h, 19.9 mm in 6 h, 25.3 mm in 12 h, and 26.3 mm in 24 h, such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hainan, Huangnan, and eastern Guoluo;as it is up to 13.3 mm in 1 h, 15.5 mm in 2 h, 16.6 mm in 3 h, 19.9 mm in 6 h, 31.1 mm in 12 h, and 34.0 mm in 24 h, such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hehuang valley. The precipitation thresholds of type III are between type I and type II, and closer to that of type II;such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hainan, Huangnan, and northern Guoluo. The forecasting ability of global models for heavy rain and above was not as good as that of mesoscale numerical prediction model, and global models had a wet bias for small-scale precipitation and a dry bias for large-scale precipitation;meso-scale models had a significantly larger precipitation bias. The forecast ability of precipitation objective forecast system constructed by frequency matching and multi-model integration has improved. At the same time, the constructed grid forecast and early warning system of meteorological and geological disasters is more precise and accurate, and is of instructive significance for the forecast and early warning of meteorological and geological disasters.展开更多
With complex terrain and developed economy, Zhejiang Province has suffered a lot from the frequent geological disasters, which have done great damages to the construction and development of the whole province. Therefo...With complex terrain and developed economy, Zhejiang Province has suffered a lot from the frequent geological disasters, which have done great damages to the construction and development of the whole province. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the geological disasters meteorological service. Electronic sand table system, a high-tech product of three-dimensional visualization, can provide the geological disaster meteorological service with the intuitive and visual application environment. In this study, we developed electronic sand table system based on GIS and established the geological disasters meteorological service database. In addition, we also analyzed and discussed the applications of meteorological service in online weather forecast, meteorological warning message, and multimedia meteorological electronic display. The application of electronic sand table system in geological disaster meteorological services for disaster prevention and mitigation is of great importance that it provides intuitive terrain analysis data for the forecast of geological disasters warning, which greatly enhances the ability of geological disasters meteorological service.展开更多
To improve relevance and timeliness of forecasting and early warning for precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City, by using case information of geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data...To improve relevance and timeliness of forecasting and early warning for precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City, by using case information of geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data in Zhuanghe City during 2009 -2011, the relationship between geological disasters and precipitation was analyzed. Results showed that precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City had close relationships with precipitation intensity in prior period and rainfall on the day. The research had important actual significance for prevention of geological disasters.展开更多
Based on the analysis of social risk of geological disasters,the index system of social risk evaluation was established. To assess the social risk quantitatively,a quantitative evaluation model of the social risk was ...Based on the analysis of social risk of geological disasters,the index system of social risk evaluation was established. To assess the social risk quantitatively,a quantitative evaluation model of the social risk was established based on AHP,and the social risk of geological disasters was graded. Finally,the evaluation model was applied in a case.展开更多
Chinas environmental comprehensive management in hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology engineering construction is increasing. This is mainly due to the complex geological, hydrological and ecolo...Chinas environmental comprehensive management in hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology engineering construction is increasing. This is mainly due to the complex geological, hydrological and ecological environment often occurs in hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology project activities. The application of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology technology requires in-depth excavation of existing engineering characteristics. How to scientifically and reasonably apply hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology technology to prevent geological disasters is the focus of current attention. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the current situation of hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological disaster risk assessment and the problems existing in the actual work process, and in view of the existing problems, puts forward some perfect methods of hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological disaster risk assessment, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.展开更多
Ground surveying and mapping, field investigation and engineering drilling are adopted;A large-scale geological disaster survey was carried out along the Duku Highway (Dushanzi-Kuqa) by means of indoor tests of engine...Ground surveying and mapping, field investigation and engineering drilling are adopted;A large-scale geological disaster survey was carried out along the Duku Highway (Dushanzi-Kuqa) by means of indoor tests of engineering geophysical exploration and other methods. The types and development laws of geological disasters along the line are summarized. There are 520 geological disasters along the line. 377 of them collapsed;37 landslides;106 debris flows;The collapse failure mechanism is mainly of toppling type;Debris flows are mostly gully-type torrential rain-type dilute debris flows;Landslide is mainly of rock traction type. Disasters mainly occurred during the period of concentrated rainfall;Geological disasters have certain spatial distribution characteristics. Most geological disasters are debris flow and collapse;There are fewer landslides. The results of the investigation and research have guiding and referential significance for the prevention and control of geological disasters on Duku Highway.展开更多
In recent years, in order to meet the basic needs of social and economic development for mineral resources, China has gradually increased the utilization of mineral resources. However, the mineral resources in China a...In recent years, in order to meet the basic needs of social and economic development for mineral resources, China has gradually increased the utilization of mineral resources. However, the mineral resources in China are very scattered, and most of the non-rare mineral resources are in the hands of enterprises. Therefore, the exploitation of mineral resources has not been effectively controlled, and there is an unreasonable phenomenon of mining. Unreasonable mining of coal mines does great harm to the whole mine, which not only damages the geological environment of the mining area, but also increases the occurrence rate of mine accidents. Combined with the actual situation of mining development in China, this paper makes a simple analysis of common geological disasters in coal mines and the basic principles of mine geological protection, and discusses how to prevent and protect the geological environment of mines.展开更多
I. Increase in Human Activity and Occurrence of Geological Disasters ＂A geological disaster is a natural disaster that happens in a geo- logical environment. It is a geological effect （phenomenon） caused or in- flu...I. Increase in Human Activity and Occurrence of Geological Disasters ＂A geological disaster is a natural disaster that happens in a geo- logical environment. It is a geological effect （phenomenon） caused or in- fluenced by Nature and （or） human factors that leads to losses to human life, property and the environment.TM Based on their cause, geological disasters can be divided into natural geological and artificial geological disasters. Natural geological disas- ters include those caused by natural effects. These include typhoons, rain- fall, melting snow and earthquakes,展开更多
Using RS and GIS means, this article analyzes the general geological characteristics and the structural belt distribution features in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, P.R. China as well as the characteristics of the...Using RS and GIS means, this article analyzes the general geological characteristics and the structural belt distribution features in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, P.R. China as well as the characteristics of the large-scale landslides, mud-rock flows, earthquake lakes, etc., after the earthquake on May 12, 2008. Based on the above work, comprehensive indoor and outdoor research is launched on disaster distribution characteristics and their relationship with earthquakes, terrains, strata, lithology, and structures. Weights of evidence method is utilized to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of secondary geological disasters after the earthquake occurred. 3 remedying grades for secondary geological disasters are derived from the results of the weights of Evidence, followed by suggestions given to remedy earthquake secondary disasters.展开更多
The seismic intensities, lithologic characteristics and terrain features from a 3000 km2-region near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake are used to analyze earthquake-induced geological disaster. The preliminary r...The seismic intensities, lithologic characteristics and terrain features from a 3000 km2-region near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake are used to analyze earthquake-induced geological disaster. The preliminary results indicate that secondary effects of the earthquake will affect specific areas, including those with glutenite and carbonate bedrock, a seismic intensity of IX, slopes between 40° and 50°, elevations of less than 2500 m, slope change rates between 20° and 30°, slope curvatures from - 1 to -0.5 and 0. 5 to 1, and relief between 50 and 100 m. Regions with susceptibility indices greater than 0.71 are prone to landslides and collapses. The secondary features are mainly distributed on both sides of the ridges that extend from Baosheng to Shuangshi and from Baosheng to Longxing. Other features are scattered on both sides of the ridges that extend from Qishuping to Baosheng and from Masangping to Lingguan. The distribution of the earthquake-related features trends in the NE direction, and the area that was most affected by the Lushan earthquake covers approximately 52.4 km^2.展开更多
Coal mining induces changes in the nature of rock and soil bodies,as well as hydrogeological conditions,which can easily trigger the occurrence of geological disasters such as water inrush,movement of the coal seam ro...Coal mining induces changes in the nature of rock and soil bodies,as well as hydrogeological conditions,which can easily trigger the occurrence of geological disasters such as water inrush,movement of the coal seam roof and floor,and rock burst.Transparency in coal mine geological conditions provides technical support for intelligent coal mining and geological disaster prevention.In this sense,it is of great significance to address the requirements for informatizing coal mine geological conditions,dynamically adjust sensing parameters,and accurately identify disaster characteristics so as to prevent and control coal mine geological disasters.This paper examines the various action fields associated with geological disasters in mining faces and scrutinizes the types and sensing parameters of geological disasters resulting from coal seam mining.On this basis,it summarizes a distributed fiber-optic sensing technology framework for transparent geology in coal mines.Combined with the multi-field monitoring characteristics of the strain field,the temperature field,and the vibration field of distributed optical fiber sensing technology,parameters such as the strain increment ratio,the aquifer temperature gradient,and the acoustic wave amplitude are extracted as eigenvalues for identifying rock breaking,aquifer water level,and water cut range,and a multi-field sensing method is established for identifying the characteristics of mining-induced rock mass disasters.The development direction of transparent geology based on optical fiber sensing technology is proposed in terms of the aspects of sensing optical fiber structure for large deformation monitoring,identification accuracy of optical fiber acoustic signals,multi-parameter monitoring,and early warning methods.展开更多
Identifying the types of disasters and analyzing the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between villages and disasters are important prerequisite for the disaster prevention and mitigation of traditio...Identifying the types of disasters and analyzing the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between villages and disasters are important prerequisite for the disaster prevention and mitigation of traditional villages.Taking Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as an example and using the tools of kernel density evaluation and spatial statistics,this paper analyzes the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between traditional villages and typical geological disasters on the three spatial scales of Aba Prefecture,village agglomeration area,and village administrative area with necessary explanations.It concludes that most of the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture agglomerate in the middle-and high-level alpine gorges and some are clustered at either the border area or the central hinterland of counties;with the increase of maximum seismic intensity and frequency of earthquakes,it appears there is an increase of traditional villages and their trend of agglomeration,which implies an overlap of the areas of dense traditional villages and high-density geological disasters,as well as the synchronous increase of traditional village density and geological disaster density;and the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture are affected by multiple disasters,in particular landslide and debris flow.Finally,the paper discusses the issue of disaster prevention and mitigation in the protection and development planning of traditional villages.展开更多
This paper focuses on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It systematically reviews its seismic activity characteristics and extensive environmental effects under extreme climatic conditions in dry and cold seasons.Firstly,thr...This paper focuses on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It systematically reviews its seismic activity characteristics and extensive environmental effects under extreme climatic conditions in dry and cold seasons.Firstly,through detailed data analysis and literature review,it is revealed how the seasonal significant rainfall and temperature changes in the plateau establish potential links with key parameters such as the frequency and intensity of seismic activity.This process deeply analyzes how natural conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature changes directly or indirectly affect the mechanism of earthquake preparation and triggering,which may promote or inhibit the occurrence of seismic activity.The close relationship between cold and dry seasons and seismic activity is emphasized,and the unique influence of these special climatic conditions on seismic activity patterns is discussed.In addition,the regional distribution characteristics of seismic activity in the plateau area are also analyzed,including key data such as annual occurrence number and magnitude distribution,which provides strong data support for formulating regional earthquake disaster response strategies.In addition,the characteristics of various secondary disasters that may be caused by earthquakes,such as landslides,debris flows,barrier lakes,etc.,are analyzed,which deepens the understanding of the complexity of the earthquake disaster chain.The aim is to provide a scientific basis for future earthquake disaster prevention and control work and to promote the improvement of earthquake science research and disaster management levels in the Qingzang Plateau and even the world.展开更多
This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and g...This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and geotechnical data analysis,and seismic scenario analysis to develop Probabilistic General Seismic Zoning(GSZ)maps for Kazakhstan and Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning maps for Almaty.These maps align with Eurocode 8 principles,incorporating seismic intensity and engineering parameters like peak ground acceleration(PGA).The new procedure,applied in national projects,has resulted in GSZ maps for the country,seismic microzoning maps for Almaty,and detailed seismic zoning maps for East Kazakhstan.These maps,part of a regulatory document,guide earthquake-resistant design and construction.They offer a comprehensive assessment of seismic hazards,integrating traditional Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik(MSK-64)intensity scale points with quantitative parameters like peak ground acceleration.This innovative approach promises to advance methods for quantifying seismic hazards in specific regions.展开更多
In recent years, Chinas transportation industry has developed rapidly, and many highways have been built here. In highway engineering construction, the different geological conditions in different regions will also ha...In recent years, Chinas transportation industry has developed rapidly, and many highways have been built here. In highway engineering construction, the different geological conditions in different regions will also have an impact on the engineering construction. The existence of geological disasters will affect the construction safety of the project. In this case, it is necessary to be able to do a good job in the exploration of geological disasters and deal with the disasters with the application of scientific measures. In this paper, the common geological hazards and treatment in highway engineering investigation will be studied.展开更多
Geological disasters not only cause economic losses and ecological destruction, but also seriously threaten human survival. Selecting an appropriate method to evaluate susceptibility to geological disasters is an impo...Geological disasters not only cause economic losses and ecological destruction, but also seriously threaten human survival. Selecting an appropriate method to evaluate susceptibility to geological disasters is an important part of geological disaster research. The aims of this study are to explore the accuracy and reliability of multi-regression methods for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation, including Logistic Regression(LR), Spatial Autoregression(SAR), Geographical Weighted Regression(GWR), and Support Vector Regression(SVR), all of which have been widely discussed in the literature. In this study, we selected Yunnan Province of China as the research site and collected data on typical geological disaster events and the associated hazards that occurred within the study area to construct a corresponding index system for geological disaster assessment. Four methods were used to model and evaluate geological disaster susceptibility. The predictive capabilities of the methods were verified using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and the success rate curve. Lastly, spatial accuracy validation was introduced to improve the results of the evaluation, which was demonstrated by the spatial receiver operating characteristic(SROC) curve and the spatial success rate(SSR) curve. The results suggest that: 1) these methods are all valid with respect to the SROC and SSR curves, and the spatial accuracy validation method improved their modelling results and accuracy, such that the area under the curve(AUC) values of the ROC curves increased by about 3%–13% and the AUC of the success rate curve values increased by 15%–20%; 2) the evaluation accuracies of LR, SAR, GWR, and SVR were 0.8325, 0.8393, 0.8370 and 0.8539, which proved the four statistical regression methods all have good evaluation capability for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation and the evaluation results of SVR are more reasonable than others; 3) according to the evaluation results of SVR, the central-southern Yunnan Province are the highest sus-ceptibility areas and the lowest susceptibility is mainly located in the central and northern parts of the study area.展开更多
The method of realizing meteorological and geological disaster forecast and early warning information system in Qixian County of Shanxi Province was studied. According to meteorological factor parameter of the geologi...The method of realizing meteorological and geological disaster forecast and early warning information system in Qixian County of Shanxi Province was studied. According to meteorological factor parameter of the geological disasters for many years in Qixian County Land Bureau, and data of average meteorological element parameters that corresponded by evolution of geological disaster region each year, evaluation algorithm model of the forecast and eady warning of geological disasters in Qixian County was obtained, and the database of meteorological factor of geological disaster was established. On this basis, WebGIS geographic information system based on C/S and B/S which could real-time monitor geological disaster region was studied and designed. After data analysis system could evaluate the geological disaster forecast and early warning and make the real-time and accurate early warning, which greatly improved the timeliness of meteorological geological disasters forecast and early warning in Qixian County. System set of data processing and forecast and early warning issued in one, to realize the dynamic information release function of grade of geological disaster early warning, and had the characteristics of easy sharing, real-time dynamic update.展开更多
Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may a...Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may assure the result and distinguish the dangerous rank of different areas. But it has two defects： The first is the result is not very exact, especially the border; The second is it is short of quantity. Fuzzy mathematics and grey theory were used in order to solve the problem. Firstly, mathematical model was constructed by using grey theory, so as to evaluate and forecast the dangerous rank of mining geology disaster in different areas. Then different areas were analyzed and divided by fuzzy mathematics. By doing these, similitude rules are not only studied but also differences are discriminated. Through the practice it can be known that the result is more accurate than before.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No,41171332)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China(Grant No.2008BAK50B01-5,2008BAK50B01-6 and O8H80210AR)
文摘The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province,China.It induced a mass of secondary geological disasters,such as collapses,landslides,and debris flows.Risk assessment maps are important for geological disaster prevention and mitigation,and also can serve as a guide for post-earthquake reconstruction.Firstly,a hazard assessment index system of secondary geological disasters in the earthquake region was built in this paper,which was based on detailed analysis of environmental and triggering factors closely related to geological disasters in the study area.GIS technology was utilized to extract and analyze the assessment index.Hazard assessment maps of secondary geological disasters were obtained by spatial modeling and overlaying analysis.Secondly,an analysis of the vulnerability of hazard bearing bodies in the area was conducted,important information,such as, population density,percentage of arable land, industrial and agricultural outputs per unit area were regarded as assessment indices to evaluate socioeconomic vulnerability.Thirdly,the risk level of secondary geological disasters of the area was obtained by the formula:Risk=Hazard×Vulnerability. Risk assessment maps were categorized into four levels,including"low","moderate","high"and"very high".These results show that some urban areas are at very high risk,including Jiegu,Chengwen,Xiaxiula and Sahuteng towns.This research can provide some references and suggestions to improve decisionmaking support for emergency relief and post- earthquake reconstruction in the study area.
基金Supported by Important Investigation Program of National Land and Resources Department(Water[2007]017-07)Key Program of Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau(2008Z-2)
文摘The study established daily comprehensive precipitation equations and calculated respective critical daily comprehensive precipitation value of loess-collapse disasters and landslide disasters by dint of the geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data in 47 years.Considering geological disaster risk divisions,precipitation influence coefficient and daily comprehensive precipitation,hourly rolling daily-forecasting and hourly warning fine and no-gap models on the base of high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall data of automatic meteorological station were developed.Through the verifying of combination of dynamical forecasting model and warning model,the results showed that it can improve efficiency of forecast and have good response at the same time.
基金Supported by the Project of Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province (QFZ-2021-Z04)Project of Qinghai Science and Technology Department (2020-ZJ-739)Key Project of Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Bureau (QXZ2020-03)。
文摘Based on the meteorological and geological disaster data, ground observation data set, CLDAS grid point data set, and EC, BJ and other model product data during 2008-2020, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological and geological disasters and precipitation were analyzed, and the causes of the occurrence of meteorological geological disasters and the deviation of model precipitation forecast were revealed. Besides, an objective precipitation forecast system and a forecast and early warning system of meteorological and geological disasters were established. The results show that meteorological and geological disasters and precipitation were mainly concentrated from May to October, of which continuous precipitation appeared frequently in June and September, and convective precipitation was mainly distributed in July-August;the occurrence frequency of meteorological and geological disasters was basically consistent with the distribution of accumulated precipitation and short-term heavy precipitation, and they were mainly concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of Qinghai. Meteorological and geological disasters were basically caused by heavy rain and above, and meteorological and geological disasters were divided into three types: continuous precipitation(type I), short-term heavy precipitation(type II) and mixed precipitation(type III). For type I, the early warning conditions of meteorological and geological disasters in Qinghai are as follows: if the soil volumetric water content difference between 0-10 and 10-40 cm is ≤0.03 mm^(3)/mm^(3), or the soil volumetric water content at one of the depths is ≥0.25 mm^(3)/mm^(3), the future effective precipitation reaches 8.4 mm in 1 h, 10.2 mm in 2 h, 11.5 mm in 3 h, 14.2 mm in 6 h, 17.7 mm in 12 h, and 18.2 mm in 24 h, and such warning conditions are mainly used in Yushu, Guoluo, southern Hainan, southern Huangnan and other places. For type II, when the future effective precipitation is up to 11.5 mm in 1 h, 14.9 mm in 2 h, 16.2 mm in 3 h, 19.9 mm in 6 h, 25.3 mm in 12 h, and 26.3 mm in 24 h, such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hainan, Huangnan, and eastern Guoluo;as it is up to 13.3 mm in 1 h, 15.5 mm in 2 h, 16.6 mm in 3 h, 19.9 mm in 6 h, 31.1 mm in 12 h, and 34.0 mm in 24 h, such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hehuang valley. The precipitation thresholds of type III are between type I and type II, and closer to that of type II;such precipitation thresholds are mainly used in Hainan, Huangnan, and northern Guoluo. The forecasting ability of global models for heavy rain and above was not as good as that of mesoscale numerical prediction model, and global models had a wet bias for small-scale precipitation and a dry bias for large-scale precipitation;meso-scale models had a significantly larger precipitation bias. The forecast ability of precipitation objective forecast system constructed by frequency matching and multi-model integration has improved. At the same time, the constructed grid forecast and early warning system of meteorological and geological disasters is more precise and accurate, and is of instructive significance for the forecast and early warning of meteorological and geological disasters.
基金Supported by the Program of the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2011C23052)
文摘With complex terrain and developed economy, Zhejiang Province has suffered a lot from the frequent geological disasters, which have done great damages to the construction and development of the whole province. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the geological disasters meteorological service. Electronic sand table system, a high-tech product of three-dimensional visualization, can provide the geological disaster meteorological service with the intuitive and visual application environment. In this study, we developed electronic sand table system based on GIS and established the geological disasters meteorological service database. In addition, we also analyzed and discussed the applications of meteorological service in online weather forecast, meteorological warning message, and multimedia meteorological electronic display. The application of electronic sand table system in geological disaster meteorological services for disaster prevention and mitigation is of great importance that it provides intuitive terrain analysis data for the forecast of geological disasters warning, which greatly enhances the ability of geological disasters meteorological service.
文摘To improve relevance and timeliness of forecasting and early warning for precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City, by using case information of geological disasters and corresponding precipitation data in Zhuanghe City during 2009 -2011, the relationship between geological disasters and precipitation was analyzed. Results showed that precipitation-type geological disasters in Zhuanghe City had close relationships with precipitation intensity in prior period and rainfall on the day. The research had important actual significance for prevention of geological disasters.
基金Supported by the Key Project for National Social Science Foundation of China(12AZD109)National Natural Science Foundation of China(71171202)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2014zzts127)
文摘Based on the analysis of social risk of geological disasters,the index system of social risk evaluation was established. To assess the social risk quantitatively,a quantitative evaluation model of the social risk was established based on AHP,and the social risk of geological disasters was graded. Finally,the evaluation model was applied in a case.
文摘Chinas environmental comprehensive management in hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology engineering construction is increasing. This is mainly due to the complex geological, hydrological and ecological environment often occurs in hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology project activities. The application of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology technology requires in-depth excavation of existing engineering characteristics. How to scientifically and reasonably apply hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology technology to prevent geological disasters is the focus of current attention. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the current situation of hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological disaster risk assessment and the problems existing in the actual work process, and in view of the existing problems, puts forward some perfect methods of hydrogeological, engineering geological and environmental geological disaster risk assessment, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.
文摘Ground surveying and mapping, field investigation and engineering drilling are adopted;A large-scale geological disaster survey was carried out along the Duku Highway (Dushanzi-Kuqa) by means of indoor tests of engineering geophysical exploration and other methods. The types and development laws of geological disasters along the line are summarized. There are 520 geological disasters along the line. 377 of them collapsed;37 landslides;106 debris flows;The collapse failure mechanism is mainly of toppling type;Debris flows are mostly gully-type torrential rain-type dilute debris flows;Landslide is mainly of rock traction type. Disasters mainly occurred during the period of concentrated rainfall;Geological disasters have certain spatial distribution characteristics. Most geological disasters are debris flow and collapse;There are fewer landslides. The results of the investigation and research have guiding and referential significance for the prevention and control of geological disasters on Duku Highway.
文摘In recent years, in order to meet the basic needs of social and economic development for mineral resources, China has gradually increased the utilization of mineral resources. However, the mineral resources in China are very scattered, and most of the non-rare mineral resources are in the hands of enterprises. Therefore, the exploitation of mineral resources has not been effectively controlled, and there is an unreasonable phenomenon of mining. Unreasonable mining of coal mines does great harm to the whole mine, which not only damages the geological environment of the mining area, but also increases the occurrence rate of mine accidents. Combined with the actual situation of mining development in China, this paper makes a simple analysis of common geological disasters in coal mines and the basic principles of mine geological protection, and discusses how to prevent and protect the geological environment of mines.
文摘I. Increase in Human Activity and Occurrence of Geological Disasters ＂A geological disaster is a natural disaster that happens in a geo- logical environment. It is a geological effect （phenomenon） caused or in- fluenced by Nature and （or） human factors that leads to losses to human life, property and the environment.TM Based on their cause, geological disasters can be divided into natural geological and artificial geological disasters. Natural geological disas- ters include those caused by natural effects. These include typhoons, rain- fall, melting snow and earthquakes,
基金funded by the National Key Technology R and D Program in the 11th Five year Plan of China(No.2006BAB01A08)
文摘Using RS and GIS means, this article analyzes the general geological characteristics and the structural belt distribution features in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, P.R. China as well as the characteristics of the large-scale landslides, mud-rock flows, earthquake lakes, etc., after the earthquake on May 12, 2008. Based on the above work, comprehensive indoor and outdoor research is launched on disaster distribution characteristics and their relationship with earthquakes, terrains, strata, lithology, and structures. Weights of evidence method is utilized to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of secondary geological disasters after the earthquake occurred. 3 remedying grades for secondary geological disasters are derived from the results of the weights of Evidence, followed by suggestions given to remedy earthquake secondary disasters.
基金supported by the Director Foundation of the Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(201056076,201116002)
文摘The seismic intensities, lithologic characteristics and terrain features from a 3000 km2-region near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake are used to analyze earthquake-induced geological disaster. The preliminary results indicate that secondary effects of the earthquake will affect specific areas, including those with glutenite and carbonate bedrock, a seismic intensity of IX, slopes between 40° and 50°, elevations of less than 2500 m, slope change rates between 20° and 30°, slope curvatures from - 1 to -0.5 and 0. 5 to 1, and relief between 50 and 100 m. Regions with susceptibility indices greater than 0.71 are prone to landslides and collapses. The secondary features are mainly distributed on both sides of the ridges that extend from Baosheng to Shuangshi and from Baosheng to Longxing. Other features are scattered on both sides of the ridges that extend from Qishuping to Baosheng and from Masangping to Lingguan. The distribution of the earthquake-related features trends in the NE direction, and the area that was most affected by the Lushan earthquake covers approximately 52.4 km^2.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42130706。
文摘Coal mining induces changes in the nature of rock and soil bodies,as well as hydrogeological conditions,which can easily trigger the occurrence of geological disasters such as water inrush,movement of the coal seam roof and floor,and rock burst.Transparency in coal mine geological conditions provides technical support for intelligent coal mining and geological disaster prevention.In this sense,it is of great significance to address the requirements for informatizing coal mine geological conditions,dynamically adjust sensing parameters,and accurately identify disaster characteristics so as to prevent and control coal mine geological disasters.This paper examines the various action fields associated with geological disasters in mining faces and scrutinizes the types and sensing parameters of geological disasters resulting from coal seam mining.On this basis,it summarizes a distributed fiber-optic sensing technology framework for transparent geology in coal mines.Combined with the multi-field monitoring characteristics of the strain field,the temperature field,and the vibration field of distributed optical fiber sensing technology,parameters such as the strain increment ratio,the aquifer temperature gradient,and the acoustic wave amplitude are extracted as eigenvalues for identifying rock breaking,aquifer water level,and water cut range,and a multi-field sensing method is established for identifying the characteristics of mining-induced rock mass disasters.The development direction of transparent geology based on optical fiber sensing technology is proposed in terms of the aspects of sensing optical fiber structure for large deformation monitoring,identification accuracy of optical fiber acoustic signals,multi-parameter monitoring,and early warning methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program entitled Research on Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Emergency Response of Immovable Cultural Relics(No.2019YFC1520800)the Sichuan Province Key R&D Program entitled Research on Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Early Warning System of Traditional Villages in Ethnic Minority Areas of Western Sichuan Province(No.2021YFS0367)。
文摘Identifying the types of disasters and analyzing the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between villages and disasters are important prerequisite for the disaster prevention and mitigation of traditional villages.Taking Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as an example and using the tools of kernel density evaluation and spatial statistics,this paper analyzes the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between traditional villages and typical geological disasters on the three spatial scales of Aba Prefecture,village agglomeration area,and village administrative area with necessary explanations.It concludes that most of the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture agglomerate in the middle-and high-level alpine gorges and some are clustered at either the border area or the central hinterland of counties;with the increase of maximum seismic intensity and frequency of earthquakes,it appears there is an increase of traditional villages and their trend of agglomeration,which implies an overlap of the areas of dense traditional villages and high-density geological disasters,as well as the synchronous increase of traditional village density and geological disaster density;and the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture are affected by multiple disasters,in particular landslide and debris flow.Finally,the paper discusses the issue of disaster prevention and mitigation in the protection and development planning of traditional villages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42461020)Gansu Province joint research fund project (24JRRA857,24JRRA847,24JRRA799).
文摘This paper focuses on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It systematically reviews its seismic activity characteristics and extensive environmental effects under extreme climatic conditions in dry and cold seasons.Firstly,through detailed data analysis and literature review,it is revealed how the seasonal significant rainfall and temperature changes in the plateau establish potential links with key parameters such as the frequency and intensity of seismic activity.This process deeply analyzes how natural conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature changes directly or indirectly affect the mechanism of earthquake preparation and triggering,which may promote or inhibit the occurrence of seismic activity.The close relationship between cold and dry seasons and seismic activity is emphasized,and the unique influence of these special climatic conditions on seismic activity patterns is discussed.In addition,the regional distribution characteristics of seismic activity in the plateau area are also analyzed,including key data such as annual occurrence number and magnitude distribution,which provides strong data support for formulating regional earthquake disaster response strategies.In addition,the characteristics of various secondary disasters that may be caused by earthquakes,such as landslides,debris flows,barrier lakes,etc.,are analyzed,which deepens the understanding of the complexity of the earthquake disaster chain.The aim is to provide a scientific basis for future earthquake disaster prevention and control work and to promote the improvement of earthquake science research and disaster management levels in the Qingzang Plateau and even the world.
基金The work was carried out in the framework of earmarked funding“Assessment of seismic hazard of territories of Kazakhstan on modern scientific and methodological basis”,programme code number F.0980.Source of funding-Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
文摘This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and geotechnical data analysis,and seismic scenario analysis to develop Probabilistic General Seismic Zoning(GSZ)maps for Kazakhstan and Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning maps for Almaty.These maps align with Eurocode 8 principles,incorporating seismic intensity and engineering parameters like peak ground acceleration(PGA).The new procedure,applied in national projects,has resulted in GSZ maps for the country,seismic microzoning maps for Almaty,and detailed seismic zoning maps for East Kazakhstan.These maps,part of a regulatory document,guide earthquake-resistant design and construction.They offer a comprehensive assessment of seismic hazards,integrating traditional Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik(MSK-64)intensity scale points with quantitative parameters like peak ground acceleration.This innovative approach promises to advance methods for quantifying seismic hazards in specific regions.
文摘In recent years, Chinas transportation industry has developed rapidly, and many highways have been built here. In highway engineering construction, the different geological conditions in different regions will also have an impact on the engineering construction. The existence of geological disasters will affect the construction safety of the project. In this case, it is necessary to be able to do a good job in the exploration of geological disasters and deal with the disasters with the application of scientific measures. In this paper, the common geological hazards and treatment in highway engineering investigation will be studied.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571077,No.41171318The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Geological disasters not only cause economic losses and ecological destruction, but also seriously threaten human survival. Selecting an appropriate method to evaluate susceptibility to geological disasters is an important part of geological disaster research. The aims of this study are to explore the accuracy and reliability of multi-regression methods for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation, including Logistic Regression(LR), Spatial Autoregression(SAR), Geographical Weighted Regression(GWR), and Support Vector Regression(SVR), all of which have been widely discussed in the literature. In this study, we selected Yunnan Province of China as the research site and collected data on typical geological disaster events and the associated hazards that occurred within the study area to construct a corresponding index system for geological disaster assessment. Four methods were used to model and evaluate geological disaster susceptibility. The predictive capabilities of the methods were verified using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and the success rate curve. Lastly, spatial accuracy validation was introduced to improve the results of the evaluation, which was demonstrated by the spatial receiver operating characteristic(SROC) curve and the spatial success rate(SSR) curve. The results suggest that: 1) these methods are all valid with respect to the SROC and SSR curves, and the spatial accuracy validation method improved their modelling results and accuracy, such that the area under the curve(AUC) values of the ROC curves increased by about 3%–13% and the AUC of the success rate curve values increased by 15%–20%; 2) the evaluation accuracies of LR, SAR, GWR, and SVR were 0.8325, 0.8393, 0.8370 and 0.8539, which proved the four statistical regression methods all have good evaluation capability for geological disaster susceptibility evaluation and the evaluation results of SVR are more reasonable than others; 3) according to the evaluation results of SVR, the central-southern Yunnan Province are the highest sus-ceptibility areas and the lowest susceptibility is mainly located in the central and northern parts of the study area.
基金Supported by Project of Shanxi Province Meteorological Bureau,China(SXKYBTQ20127437)
文摘The method of realizing meteorological and geological disaster forecast and early warning information system in Qixian County of Shanxi Province was studied. According to meteorological factor parameter of the geological disasters for many years in Qixian County Land Bureau, and data of average meteorological element parameters that corresponded by evolution of geological disaster region each year, evaluation algorithm model of the forecast and eady warning of geological disasters in Qixian County was obtained, and the database of meteorological factor of geological disaster was established. On this basis, WebGIS geographic information system based on C/S and B/S which could real-time monitor geological disaster region was studied and designed. After data analysis system could evaluate the geological disaster forecast and early warning and make the real-time and accurate early warning, which greatly improved the timeliness of meteorological geological disasters forecast and early warning in Qixian County. System set of data processing and forecast and early warning issued in one, to realize the dynamic information release function of grade of geological disaster early warning, and had the characteristics of easy sharing, real-time dynamic update.
文摘Mine geology disasters include mine water, mine solid waste, apron and slide, ground collapse sink and underground fracture, etc.. The subject was studied in many ways, and fuzzy mathematics was usually used. It may assure the result and distinguish the dangerous rank of different areas. But it has two defects： The first is the result is not very exact, especially the border; The second is it is short of quantity. Fuzzy mathematics and grey theory were used in order to solve the problem. Firstly, mathematical model was constructed by using grey theory, so as to evaluate and forecast the dangerous rank of mining geology disaster in different areas. Then different areas were analyzed and divided by fuzzy mathematics. By doing these, similitude rules are not only studied but also differences are discriminated. Through the practice it can be known that the result is more accurate than before.
