Since 1960 research in the geography of enterprise hasexpanded dramatically. This review gives a critical analysis of the geography of enterprise around five main facets. Firstly, it briefs five approaches adopted by ...Since 1960 research in the geography of enterprise hasexpanded dramatically. This review gives a critical analysis of the geography of enterprise around five main facets. Firstly, it briefs five approaches adopted by the geography of enterprise. This is followed by an examination of its main development stops. The third section analyses its major research areas. Some new research trends make up the fourth section. Based on the above review many new theoretical and practical problems needed to be solved urgently for the geography of enterprise in China are posed.展开更多
A book, Physical Geography of Arid Land in China, mainly edited by Prof. Xi CHEN from Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been published by Science Press in July of 2010.
Editor’s Note: Mrs. Barbara Singleton, a high school principal at Halton District School Board in Milton, Ontario, Canada, and her husband, Dr. Paul Singleton, adopted two Chinese daughters, now 9 and 10 years old, f...Editor’s Note: Mrs. Barbara Singleton, a high school principal at Halton District School Board in Milton, Ontario, Canada, and her husband, Dr. Paul Singleton, adopted two Chinese daughters, now 9 and 10 years old, from Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 1993 and 1994. From September 17 to December 10, 2001, the daughters, Mrs. Singleton’s 11-year-old son Jamie, and her 19-year-old niece Kristen returned to China to live for two and a half months. The purpose of their trip展开更多
Based on a large number of domestic literature reviews with related research abroad, academic standards and issues awareness have been intensified in domestic tourism geography, disciplinary consciousness and innovati...Based on a large number of domestic literature reviews with related research abroad, academic standards and issues awareness have been intensified in domestic tourism geography, disciplinary consciousness and innovation enhancement. Hence, some valuable achievements have been made in the areas of tourism resources, tourism regional system, the spatial structure of tourism, tourism flow, ecotourism, tourism industry, tourism planning and tourism impacts, which strengthened the traditional advantages of research, expanded new areas of research and made research trends diverse. Meanwhile, with innovation of research methods, tourism geography in China is getting more and more internationally-oriented and reflecting Chinese characteristics. Research trends of China＇s tourism geography are prospected： 1） Catering to national strategic needs, persisting problem-oriented, strengthening the metatheoretical research, and building Chinese ＂localization＂ of theory of tourism geography and method system. 2） Introducing and assimilating foreign theories and research methods, while focusing on explaining new tourism phenomena and problems in the domestic socio-economic background. 3） Concerning about the new regional spatial processes of demographic process, social process, and spatial process in new tourism trend. 4） Exploring interactive process and mechanism of man-land relationship and new models to develop territorial space under the tourism impacts. 5） Exploring important research issues of tourism geography in global, national, regional and local scales, from the point of view of spatial differentiation, scale transformation, interaction of man and nature, creating tourism geography interpretation system based on ＂process-structure-mechanism＂ of China. 6） Building theoretical system actively, while strengthening application-oriented research, and focusing on tourism poverty alleviation, tourism and heritage protection, national parks＇ construction and other hot issues. Faced with econometrics research boom, we should return to rational thinking, using big data scientifically, while paying attention to the important role of qualitative evaluation in future research.展开更多
Xisha Islands is situated on the South China Sea, at 15° 46'-17° 08'N. and 111° 11'-112 ° 54' E., with an altitude of 2.6-15.9m. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen cor...Xisha Islands is situated on the South China Sea, at 15° 46'-17° 08'N. and 111° 11'-112 ° 54' E., with an altitude of 2.6-15.9m. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, and beach vegetation. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, scrub forest and beach vegetation. The dominant species of the forest communities are Pisonia grandis, Guettarda speciosa, Scaevola sericea and Messer schmidia argentea.There are 212 species of wild vascularplants belonging to 52 families and 147 genera in this area, of which there are 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of pteridophyte and 48 families, 143 genera and 207 species of Angiosperms. The main families of the flora are Poaceae, Papilionaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Boraginaceae etc. According to the geographical distribution, Spermatophytic genera in Xisha Islands may be classified into 9 types, of which pantropic genera accounts for 70% of total genera. At specific level, elements of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia are dominant part in the forest communities. In this area there is no species endemic to itself. Many primitive taxa such as Gymnosperms, Anonaceae and many others are not found in the flora. Comparing the composition of the flora with those of 6 neighboring regions, the flora of Xisha Islands is quite similar to those of Hainan Island. The similarity indices of genera and species are 98.46% and 94.09% respectively. Indigofera chunianais endemic to the two regions.展开更多
Anatolia peninsula that is a bridge between Asia and Europe has become a house for many diverse nations and settlement for over centuries because of its unprecedented strategic location above mentioned. Every newly-ar...Anatolia peninsula that is a bridge between Asia and Europe has become a house for many diverse nations and settlement for over centuries because of its unprecedented strategic location above mentioned. Every newly-arrived community seems to have captured the native features. Regardless looking what their origins or from where they come this Anatolian culture, local features of which overrides, takes its base from Anatolia＇s distinctive geopolitical location. Situated in the crossroads of world＇s most beautiful and important roads Anatolia has lots of different geographical features that are isolated from each other by chain of mountains and include many units. And this allowed the peninsula to have different cultural features in almost every period of history. In Anatolia that has a very dynamic history, one of the most important element changing in time is the name of places. Despite the fact that there is not a precision in the change of names, it is generally related with the language used by prevailing public.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to examine the creative queer geography of Daniel Nolasco’s movie Dry Wind.The main argument indicates that,instead of representing countryside cities exclusively as places of repression and ...The aim of this paper is to examine the creative queer geography of Daniel Nolasco’s movie Dry Wind.The main argument indicates that,instead of representing countryside cities exclusively as places of repression and denial,the movie shows part of the countryside gay culture.The realism of the fertilizer factory and the aridity of the city of Catalão are opposed to the extreme stylization of vibrant colors and blinding neon lights of the main character’s fetishist imagination,which indicates how he increasingly surrenders to his desires.Beyond the pornographic representation of homoerotic desire,Dry Wind also proposes alternatives for affective expressions of masculinities that do not conform to the prevailing moral standards.展开更多
Since 1937,Chungking has been the capital of China,the center of national activities.It is now undergoing changes that promise greatly to alter its appearance.The paper gives a geographical study of the changing city.
Tsunyi,one of the,largest cities in Kweichow Province,is situated at388 km.south of Chungking and r60 kin.north of Kweiyang.The presentpaper,deals with a small region around Tsunyi City;about 35 km.long and22 kin.wide...Tsunyi,one of the,largest cities in Kweichow Province,is situated at388 km.south of Chungking and r60 kin.north of Kweiyang.The presentpaper,deals with a small region around Tsunyi City;about 35 km.long and22 kin.wide(Fig.I).展开更多
A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distributio...A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.展开更多
Wenlan FENG,Pierre MARIOTTE,Jun GU,XiaodongSONG,JinlingYANG,Fei YANG,Yuguo ZHAOand Ganlin ZHANG In the fourth and fifth lines of the study area section on Page 903,the mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP...Wenlan FENG,Pierre MARIOTTE,Jun GU,XiaodongSONG,JinlingYANG,Fei YANG,Yuguo ZHAOand Ganlin ZHANG In the fourth and fifth lines of the study area section on Page 903,the mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP)values are incorrect.They should be—17 to 24.2°C and 18.3 to 3155 mm,respectively.展开更多
In urban planning,there is a well-known“threshold theory,”which suggests that development,whether of a city,a region or an entire nation,does not follow a smooth and linear path upward;instead,progress advances in s...In urban planning,there is a well-known“threshold theory,”which suggests that development,whether of a city,a region or an entire nation,does not follow a smooth and linear path upward;instead,progress advances in stages.展开更多
Micro-perspective studies on economic geography in China can be classified into geography of the enterprise, geography of the rural household, and small-scale studies on economic activities. Literature on geography of...Micro-perspective studies on economic geography in China can be classified into geography of the enterprise, geography of the rural household, and small-scale studies on economic activities. Literature on geography of the enterprise includes spatial expansion of the enterprise, industrial location, firm's networks, industrial relocation, industrial clusters, and the relationship between industrial organizations and the environment. Studies on geography of the rural household(GRH) include the theoretical framework of GRH, the locations of rural economic activities, and the interrelation between rural households and geographical environment. Small-scale studies focus on human-land interaction from a land plot perspective, relations between specialized villages and the environment, and regional sustainable development research at site-specific scale. Micro-perspective studies on economic geography attempt to search for the basic unit of economic-geographical landscape, exploring the geographical process and the formation mechanism of geographical phenomena. The exploration of these three perspectives anticipates new approaches to economic-geographical studies with China's special background.展开更多
Therapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)remains an unsolved issue.Indeed,no therapeutic regimen is able to cure the infection in all treated patients,and in many the infection persists despite the admin...Therapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)remains an unsolved issue.Indeed,no therapeutic regimen is able to cure the infection in all treated patients,and in many the infection persists despite the administration of several consecutive standard therapies.Although antibiotic resistance reports describe alarming results,the outcome of therapeutic regimens does not seem to parallel this scenario in most cases,since a successful performance is often reached in more than 80%of cases.However,the phenomenon of increasing antibiotic resistance is being closely studied,and the results show controversial aspects even in the same geographic area.For the continents of Europe,America,Asia,Africa,and Oceania,minimal and maximal values of resistance to the main antibiotics(clarithromycin,amoxicillin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin)feature wide ranges in different countries.The real enigma is therefore linked to the several different therapeutic regimens,which show results that often do not parallel the in vitro findings even in the same areas.A first aspect to be emphasized is that some regimens are limited by their use in very small geographic districts.Moreover,not all therapeutic trials have considered bacterial and host factors affecting the therapeutic outcome.The additional use of probiotics may help to reduce adverse events,but their therapeutic impact is doubtful.In conclusion,the"ideal therapy",paradoxically,appears to be a"utopia",despite the unprecedented volume of studies in the field and the real breakthrough in medical practice made by the discovery and treatment of H.pylori.The ample discrepancies observed in the different areas do not encourage the development of therapeutic guidelines that could be valid worldwide.On these bases,one of the main challenges for the future might be identifying a successful solution to overcome antibiotic resistances.In this context,geography must be considered a relevant matter.展开更多
The comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography is based on the rules governing regional differentiation of Chinese physical geographic factors.Based on regional differences and similarities in human fact...The comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography is based on the rules governing regional differentiation of Chinese physical geographic factors.Based on regional differences and similarities in human factors,this study divides the whole country into two levels of relatively independent,complete and organically linked human geographic units.As a fundamental,comprehensive,cutting-edge,practical and important task,the comprehensive regionalization of human geography highlights the characteristics,regional and sub-regional features,complexity and variety of spatial differences between factors of Chinese human geography.It is capable of promoting the development of human geography based on local conditions,providing basic scientific support to national and local development strategies,such as the Belt and Road Strategy,new urbanization and environmental awareness,and creating a sound geopolitical environment in key areas.Using results from existing physical and human geographic zoning studies,and in accordance with the principles of synthesis,dominant factors,the relative consistency of the natural environment,the relative consistency of social and economic development,the consistency of the regional cultural landscape,the continuity of spatial distribution and the integrity of county-level administrative divisions,and taking as its basis the division of human geography into 10 major factors(nature,economy,population,culture,ethnicity,agriculture,transportation,urbanization,the settlement landscape and administrative divisions),this paper constructs an index system for the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography through a combination of top-down and bottom-up zoning and spatial clustering analysis.In this study,Chinese human geography is divided into eight regions and 66 sub-regions.The eight human geography regions are(Ⅰ)Northeast China,(Ⅱ)North China,(Ⅲ)East China,(Ⅳ)Central China,(Ⅴ)South China,(Ⅵ)Northwest China,(Ⅶ)Southwest China,and(Ⅷ)Qinghai and Tibet.This zoning proposal fills gaps in studies involving the non-comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography.Each human geography region and sub-region has different topographical climatic,ecological,population,urbanization,economic development,settlement landscape,regional cultural and ethno-religious attributes.This proposal on the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography dovetails closely with previous studies on comprehensive regionalization in Chinese physical geography,Chinese economic zoning,and Chinese agricultural zoning.It shows that,under the dual roles of nature and humans,there are certain rules of regional differentiation that govern the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography.展开更多
Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course ...Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.展开更多
Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic d...Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic development, and biophysical differences. Yet it typically lags behind the development of its parent disciplines, especially demography and geography. Specifically, PopGeo in Chinese higher education is still at a low level in terms of the three major aspects of disciplinary development： academic majors for higher education, academic conferences, and journals. The research content of PopGeo in China has focused on the growth, composition, change, distribution, and carrying capacity of population at the meso- and macro-spatial scales. As the most populated country in the world, questions about how and why the population changes, where the population settles and migrates to, its maximum carrying capacity, and how to guide sound development of population matter to society and the economy, are always important topics in the PopGeo studies in China. In contrast, some new population phenomena such as human space-time behaviors （commuting, remittances, and friends＇ interaction）, popular in the scientific community abroad, are not fully investigated at the micro-level. Presently, PopGeo in China may face both challenges and opportunities because of the adjustment of fertility policies and implementation of na- tional new urbanization plans at the national level. It is this occasion that calls for a state-of-the-art review of the development of PopGeo since the 1980s, the turning point of an increasing number of PopGeo studies in China. We aim to reveal the current status of Pop- Geo in China to the world, and shed light on its further study.展开更多
Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of poverty is important for research on sustainable poverty reduction in China. Based on the perspective of development geography, this paper proposes a panel vector autoregressi...Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of poverty is important for research on sustainable poverty reduction in China. Based on the perspective of development geography, this paper proposes a panel vector autoregressive(PVAR) model that combines the human development approach with the global indicator framework for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) to identify the poverty-causing and the poverty-reducing factors in China. The aim is to measure the multidimensional poverty index(MPI) of China’s provinces from 2007 to 2017, and use the exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis(ESTDA) method to reveal the characteristics of the spatio-temporal dynamics of multidimensional poverty. The results show the following:(1) The poverty-causing factors in China include the high social gross dependency ratio and crop-to-disaster ratio, and the poverty-reducing factors include the high per capita GDP, per capita social security expenditure, per capita public health expenditure, number of hospitals per 10,000 people, rate of participation in the new rural cooperative medical scheme, vegetation coverage, per capita education expenditure, number of universities, per capita research and development(R&D) expenditure, and funding per capita for cultural undertakings.(2) From 2007 to 2017, provincial income poverty(IP), health poverty(HP), cultural poverty(CP), and multidimensional poverty have been significantly reduced in China, and the overall national poverty has dropped by 5.67% annually. there is a differentiation in poverty along different dimensions in certain provinces.(3) During the study period, the local spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty between provinces showed strong spatial dynamics, and a trend of increase from the eastern to the central and western regions was noted. The MPI among provinces exhibited a strong spatial dependence over time to form a pattern of decrease from northwestern and northeastern China to the surrounding areas.(4) The spatio-temporal networks of multidimensional poverty in adjacent provinces were mainly negatively correlated, with only Shaanxi and Henan, Shaanxi and Ningxia, Qinghai and Gansu, Hubei and Anhui, Sichuan and Guizhou, and Hainan and Guangdong forming spatially strong cooperative poverty reduction relationships. These results have important reference value for the implementation of China’s poverty alleviation strategy.展开更多
The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of f...The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China's geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.展开更多
Understanding the Changing Planet： Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences （UCP）, published by the National Research Council （USA）, and its comments in The Professional Geographer propose that uppercas...Understanding the Changing Planet： Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences （UCP）, published by the National Research Council （USA）, and its comments in The Professional Geographer propose that uppercase and plural ＂Geographical Sciences＂ （GS） is the strategic direction for geography in the next decade for better understanding of our rapidly changing planet. According to these comments, UCP valued technologies and tools exces- sively （＂task＂）, and did not pay much attention to methodology （＂discipline＂）. Actually, both ＂task＂ and ＂discipline＂ are geographical wings, especially in the time of ＂big science＂. Enlightenment from UCP and its comments is the strategic direction that should be balanced between ＂task＂ and ＂discipline＂, GS should be a three-dimensional construct of a disciplinary system, methodology, and technologies and tools, and this system should be scientific hu- manism based on scientific spirit and directed by humanism. During the last 60 years, Chi- nese geographers devoted themselves to GS, including practice and theory. Obviously pro- gress and outlook are proposed as interdisciplinary GS, Earth Surface Sciences （ESS） and Geographical Construction （GC）. The disciplinary system of GS is very complex, and is composed of such human knowledge domains as sciences, technologies, engineering, and philosophy. The main mission is to research the open, complex, and macro earth system （not only scientifically, but also humanistically）, and one significant methodology is ＂comprehen- sive integration of qualitative and quantitative means＂ （CIQQM）. At the same time, another changing direction in Chinese geography is Human-Economic Geography （HEG）.展开更多
文摘Since 1960 research in the geography of enterprise hasexpanded dramatically. This review gives a critical analysis of the geography of enterprise around five main facets. Firstly, it briefs five approaches adopted by the geography of enterprise. This is followed by an examination of its main development stops. The third section analyses its major research areas. Some new research trends make up the fourth section. Based on the above review many new theoretical and practical problems needed to be solved urgently for the geography of enterprise in China are posed.
文摘A book, Physical Geography of Arid Land in China, mainly edited by Prof. Xi CHEN from Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been published by Science Press in July of 2010.
文摘Editor’s Note: Mrs. Barbara Singleton, a high school principal at Halton District School Board in Milton, Ontario, Canada, and her husband, Dr. Paul Singleton, adopted two Chinese daughters, now 9 and 10 years old, from Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 1993 and 1994. From September 17 to December 10, 2001, the daughters, Mrs. Singleton’s 11-year-old son Jamie, and her 19-year-old niece Kristen returned to China to live for two and a half months. The purpose of their trip
基金Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41230631
文摘Based on a large number of domestic literature reviews with related research abroad, academic standards and issues awareness have been intensified in domestic tourism geography, disciplinary consciousness and innovation enhancement. Hence, some valuable achievements have been made in the areas of tourism resources, tourism regional system, the spatial structure of tourism, tourism flow, ecotourism, tourism industry, tourism planning and tourism impacts, which strengthened the traditional advantages of research, expanded new areas of research and made research trends diverse. Meanwhile, with innovation of research methods, tourism geography in China is getting more and more internationally-oriented and reflecting Chinese characteristics. Research trends of China＇s tourism geography are prospected： 1） Catering to national strategic needs, persisting problem-oriented, strengthening the metatheoretical research, and building Chinese ＂localization＂ of theory of tourism geography and method system. 2） Introducing and assimilating foreign theories and research methods, while focusing on explaining new tourism phenomena and problems in the domestic socio-economic background. 3） Concerning about the new regional spatial processes of demographic process, social process, and spatial process in new tourism trend. 4） Exploring interactive process and mechanism of man-land relationship and new models to develop territorial space under the tourism impacts. 5） Exploring important research issues of tourism geography in global, national, regional and local scales, from the point of view of spatial differentiation, scale transformation, interaction of man and nature, creating tourism geography interpretation system based on ＂process-structure-mechanism＂ of China. 6） Building theoretical system actively, while strengthening application-oriented research, and focusing on tourism poverty alleviation, tourism and heritage protection, national parks＇ construction and other hot issues. Faced with econometrics research boom, we should return to rational thinking, using big data scientifically, while paying attention to the important role of qualitative evaluation in future research.
文摘Xisha Islands is situated on the South China Sea, at 15° 46'-17° 08'N. and 111° 11'-112 ° 54' E., with an altitude of 2.6-15.9m. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, and beach vegetation. The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest, scrub forest and beach vegetation. The dominant species of the forest communities are Pisonia grandis, Guettarda speciosa, Scaevola sericea and Messer schmidia argentea.There are 212 species of wild vascularplants belonging to 52 families and 147 genera in this area, of which there are 4 families, 4 genera and 5 species of pteridophyte and 48 families, 143 genera and 207 species of Angiosperms. The main families of the flora are Poaceae, Papilionaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Boraginaceae etc. According to the geographical distribution, Spermatophytic genera in Xisha Islands may be classified into 9 types, of which pantropic genera accounts for 70% of total genera. At specific level, elements of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia are dominant part in the forest communities. In this area there is no species endemic to itself. Many primitive taxa such as Gymnosperms, Anonaceae and many others are not found in the flora. Comparing the composition of the flora with those of 6 neighboring regions, the flora of Xisha Islands is quite similar to those of Hainan Island. The similarity indices of genera and species are 98.46% and 94.09% respectively. Indigofera chunianais endemic to the two regions.
文摘Anatolia peninsula that is a bridge between Asia and Europe has become a house for many diverse nations and settlement for over centuries because of its unprecedented strategic location above mentioned. Every newly-arrived community seems to have captured the native features. Regardless looking what their origins or from where they come this Anatolian culture, local features of which overrides, takes its base from Anatolia＇s distinctive geopolitical location. Situated in the crossroads of world＇s most beautiful and important roads Anatolia has lots of different geographical features that are isolated from each other by chain of mountains and include many units. And this allowed the peninsula to have different cultural features in almost every period of history. In Anatolia that has a very dynamic history, one of the most important element changing in time is the name of places. Despite the fact that there is not a precision in the change of names, it is generally related with the language used by prevailing public.
文摘The aim of this paper is to examine the creative queer geography of Daniel Nolasco’s movie Dry Wind.The main argument indicates that,instead of representing countryside cities exclusively as places of repression and denial,the movie shows part of the countryside gay culture.The realism of the fertilizer factory and the aridity of the city of Catalão are opposed to the extreme stylization of vibrant colors and blinding neon lights of the main character’s fetishist imagination,which indicates how he increasingly surrenders to his desires.Beyond the pornographic representation of homoerotic desire,Dry Wind also proposes alternatives for affective expressions of masculinities that do not conform to the prevailing moral standards.
文摘Since 1937,Chungking has been the capital of China,the center of national activities.It is now undergoing changes that promise greatly to alter its appearance.The paper gives a geographical study of the changing city.
文摘Tsunyi,one of the,largest cities in Kweichow Province,is situated at388 km.south of Chungking and r60 kin.north of Kweiyang.The presentpaper,deals with a small region around Tsunyi City;about 35 km.long and22 kin.wide(Fig.I).
基金Supported by the Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project,No.backbone-03-04.
文摘A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.
文摘Wenlan FENG,Pierre MARIOTTE,Jun GU,XiaodongSONG,JinlingYANG,Fei YANG,Yuguo ZHAOand Ganlin ZHANG In the fourth and fifth lines of the study area section on Page 903,the mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP)values are incorrect.They should be—17 to 24.2°C and 18.3 to 3155 mm,respectively.
文摘In urban planning,there is a well-known“threshold theory,”which suggests that development,whether of a city,a region or an entire nation,does not follow a smooth and linear path upward;instead,progress advances in stages.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41471117,No.41201131
文摘Micro-perspective studies on economic geography in China can be classified into geography of the enterprise, geography of the rural household, and small-scale studies on economic activities. Literature on geography of the enterprise includes spatial expansion of the enterprise, industrial location, firm's networks, industrial relocation, industrial clusters, and the relationship between industrial organizations and the environment. Studies on geography of the rural household(GRH) include the theoretical framework of GRH, the locations of rural economic activities, and the interrelation between rural households and geographical environment. Small-scale studies focus on human-land interaction from a land plot perspective, relations between specialized villages and the environment, and regional sustainable development research at site-specific scale. Micro-perspective studies on economic geography attempt to search for the basic unit of economic-geographical landscape, exploring the geographical process and the formation mechanism of geographical phenomena. The exploration of these three perspectives anticipates new approaches to economic-geographical studies with China's special background.
文摘Therapeutic management of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)remains an unsolved issue.Indeed,no therapeutic regimen is able to cure the infection in all treated patients,and in many the infection persists despite the administration of several consecutive standard therapies.Although antibiotic resistance reports describe alarming results,the outcome of therapeutic regimens does not seem to parallel this scenario in most cases,since a successful performance is often reached in more than 80%of cases.However,the phenomenon of increasing antibiotic resistance is being closely studied,and the results show controversial aspects even in the same geographic area.For the continents of Europe,America,Asia,Africa,and Oceania,minimal and maximal values of resistance to the main antibiotics(clarithromycin,amoxicillin,metronidazole,and levofloxacin)feature wide ranges in different countries.The real enigma is therefore linked to the several different therapeutic regimens,which show results that often do not parallel the in vitro findings even in the same areas.A first aspect to be emphasized is that some regimens are limited by their use in very small geographic districts.Moreover,not all therapeutic trials have considered bacterial and host factors affecting the therapeutic outcome.The additional use of probiotics may help to reduce adverse events,but their therapeutic impact is doubtful.In conclusion,the"ideal therapy",paradoxically,appears to be a"utopia",despite the unprecedented volume of studies in the field and the real breakthrough in medical practice made by the discovery and treatment of H.pylori.The ample discrepancies observed in the different areas do not encourage the development of therapeutic guidelines that could be valid worldwide.On these bases,one of the main challenges for the future might be identifying a successful solution to overcome antibiotic resistances.In this context,geography must be considered a relevant matter.
基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41590840, No.41590842,Acknowledgements The authors thank the following people for their valuable suggestions and guidance in the course of writing this paper: Professor Zheng Du, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Professor Li Wenhua, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering+8 种基金 Professor Song Changqing from Beijing Normal University Professor Kong Deyong from the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development Professor Mao Hanying from the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences Professor Cai Yunlong from Peking University Professor Zhou Shangyi from Beijing Normal University Professor Wu Shaohong from the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Professor Zhang Guoyou from the Geographical Society of China Professor He Shujin, Managing Director of the Editorial Office of Acta Geographica Sinica and Professor Shen Yuming from Capital Normal University.
文摘The comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography is based on the rules governing regional differentiation of Chinese physical geographic factors.Based on regional differences and similarities in human factors,this study divides the whole country into two levels of relatively independent,complete and organically linked human geographic units.As a fundamental,comprehensive,cutting-edge,practical and important task,the comprehensive regionalization of human geography highlights the characteristics,regional and sub-regional features,complexity and variety of spatial differences between factors of Chinese human geography.It is capable of promoting the development of human geography based on local conditions,providing basic scientific support to national and local development strategies,such as the Belt and Road Strategy,new urbanization and environmental awareness,and creating a sound geopolitical environment in key areas.Using results from existing physical and human geographic zoning studies,and in accordance with the principles of synthesis,dominant factors,the relative consistency of the natural environment,the relative consistency of social and economic development,the consistency of the regional cultural landscape,the continuity of spatial distribution and the integrity of county-level administrative divisions,and taking as its basis the division of human geography into 10 major factors(nature,economy,population,culture,ethnicity,agriculture,transportation,urbanization,the settlement landscape and administrative divisions),this paper constructs an index system for the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography through a combination of top-down and bottom-up zoning and spatial clustering analysis.In this study,Chinese human geography is divided into eight regions and 66 sub-regions.The eight human geography regions are(Ⅰ)Northeast China,(Ⅱ)North China,(Ⅲ)East China,(Ⅳ)Central China,(Ⅴ)South China,(Ⅵ)Northwest China,(Ⅶ)Southwest China,and(Ⅷ)Qinghai and Tibet.This zoning proposal fills gaps in studies involving the non-comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography.Each human geography region and sub-region has different topographical climatic,ecological,population,urbanization,economic development,settlement landscape,regional cultural and ethno-religious attributes.This proposal on the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography dovetails closely with previous studies on comprehensive regionalization in Chinese physical geography,Chinese economic zoning,and Chinese agricultural zoning.It shows that,under the dual roles of nature and humans,there are certain rules of regional differentiation that govern the comprehensive regionalization of Chinese human geography.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771568Social Development Science and Technology Project of Chaoyang District,Beijing,China,No.CYSF1906。
文摘Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41430861
文摘Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic development, and biophysical differences. Yet it typically lags behind the development of its parent disciplines, especially demography and geography. Specifically, PopGeo in Chinese higher education is still at a low level in terms of the three major aspects of disciplinary development： academic majors for higher education, academic conferences, and journals. The research content of PopGeo in China has focused on the growth, composition, change, distribution, and carrying capacity of population at the meso- and macro-spatial scales. As the most populated country in the world, questions about how and why the population changes, where the population settles and migrates to, its maximum carrying capacity, and how to guide sound development of population matter to society and the economy, are always important topics in the PopGeo studies in China. In contrast, some new population phenomena such as human space-time behaviors （commuting, remittances, and friends＇ interaction）, popular in the scientific community abroad, are not fully investigated at the micro-level. Presently, PopGeo in China may face both challenges and opportunities because of the adjustment of fertility policies and implementation of na- tional new urbanization plans at the national level. It is this occasion that calls for a state-of-the-art review of the development of PopGeo since the 1980s, the turning point of an increasing number of PopGeo studies in China. We aim to reveal the current status of Pop- Geo in China to the world, and shed light on its further study.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.71974070, No.41501593National Key R&D Project,No.2016YFA0602500Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Education of China,No.19YJCZH068。
文摘Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of poverty is important for research on sustainable poverty reduction in China. Based on the perspective of development geography, this paper proposes a panel vector autoregressive(PVAR) model that combines the human development approach with the global indicator framework for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) to identify the poverty-causing and the poverty-reducing factors in China. The aim is to measure the multidimensional poverty index(MPI) of China’s provinces from 2007 to 2017, and use the exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis(ESTDA) method to reveal the characteristics of the spatio-temporal dynamics of multidimensional poverty. The results show the following:(1) The poverty-causing factors in China include the high social gross dependency ratio and crop-to-disaster ratio, and the poverty-reducing factors include the high per capita GDP, per capita social security expenditure, per capita public health expenditure, number of hospitals per 10,000 people, rate of participation in the new rural cooperative medical scheme, vegetation coverage, per capita education expenditure, number of universities, per capita research and development(R&D) expenditure, and funding per capita for cultural undertakings.(2) From 2007 to 2017, provincial income poverty(IP), health poverty(HP), cultural poverty(CP), and multidimensional poverty have been significantly reduced in China, and the overall national poverty has dropped by 5.67% annually. there is a differentiation in poverty along different dimensions in certain provinces.(3) During the study period, the local spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty between provinces showed strong spatial dynamics, and a trend of increase from the eastern to the central and western regions was noted. The MPI among provinces exhibited a strong spatial dependence over time to form a pattern of decrease from northwestern and northeastern China to the surrounding areas.(4) The spatio-temporal networks of multidimensional poverty in adjacent provinces were mainly negatively correlated, with only Shaanxi and Henan, Shaanxi and Ningxia, Qinghai and Gansu, Hubei and Anhui, Sichuan and Guizhou, and Hainan and Guangdong forming spatially strong cooperative poverty reduction relationships. These results have important reference value for the implementation of China’s poverty alleviation strategy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.49471025
文摘The fractal theory put forward by American mathematician B B Mandelbrot (1967) supplies an effective approach to solve complex problems. The complex problems in geography have become the main positive study field of fractal theory. Based on the works of China's geographers and the summarization of contents of fractal theory, the authors comment on the present situation of its applications to almost every branch of geography and discuss the related problems and the prospects of fractal study in geography.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No .40761001 No.41071105+2 种基金 No.41261033 Innovation Me- thod Fund of China, No.2007FY 140800 National Philosophy Social Science of China, No.BHA100058
文摘Understanding the Changing Planet： Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences （UCP）, published by the National Research Council （USA）, and its comments in The Professional Geographer propose that uppercase and plural ＂Geographical Sciences＂ （GS） is the strategic direction for geography in the next decade for better understanding of our rapidly changing planet. According to these comments, UCP valued technologies and tools exces- sively （＂task＂）, and did not pay much attention to methodology （＂discipline＂）. Actually, both ＂task＂ and ＂discipline＂ are geographical wings, especially in the time of ＂big science＂. Enlightenment from UCP and its comments is the strategic direction that should be balanced between ＂task＂ and ＂discipline＂, GS should be a three-dimensional construct of a disciplinary system, methodology, and technologies and tools, and this system should be scientific hu- manism based on scientific spirit and directed by humanism. During the last 60 years, Chi- nese geographers devoted themselves to GS, including practice and theory. Obviously pro- gress and outlook are proposed as interdisciplinary GS, Earth Surface Sciences （ESS） and Geographical Construction （GC）. The disciplinary system of GS is very complex, and is composed of such human knowledge domains as sciences, technologies, engineering, and philosophy. The main mission is to research the open, complex, and macro earth system （not only scientifically, but also humanistically）, and one significant methodology is ＂comprehen- sive integration of qualitative and quantitative means＂ （CIQQM）. At the same time, another changing direction in Chinese geography is Human-Economic Geography （HEG）.
