Ecological geographic regions, also called eco-regions, can be used to divide a remotely sensed image, which is helpful for reducing the complexity of land cover types within eco-regions and for improving the classifi...Ecological geographic regions, also called eco-regions, can be used to divide a remotely sensed image, which is helpful for reducing the complexity of land cover types within eco-regions and for improving the classification accuracy of land cover. In this case study in China, we improved a method of ecological geographic regionalization that is more suitable for remote sensing mapping of regional land cover, and we obtained new eco-regions. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and k-means clustering were adopted in the ecological geographic regionalization using both seasonal remotely-sensed vegetation information and environmental data including climate, elevation and soil features. Our results show that the combination of seasonal vegetation information and the CCA performed well in the selection of the dominant environmental factor of the biogeographic pattern, and it can be used as regionalization indicators of eco-regions. We found that thermal factors are the most important driving forces of the biogeographic pattern in China, which followed by moisture factors. Two global land cover products(MODIS MCD12C1 and Glob Cover) were used to assess our eco-regions. The results show that our eco-regions performed better than that of a previous study regarding the complexity of land cover types, such as in the number of types and the proportional area of the major/secondary type. These results indicate that the method of ecological geographic regionalization, which is based on environmental factors associated with seasonal vegetation features, is effective for reducing the regional complexity of land cover.展开更多
AS geographic literacy training is an education, national geographical education is essential content for Chinese citizens＇ literacy one of the indispensable key aspects of that training. Because of China＇s vast lan...AS geographic literacy training is an education, national geographical education is essential content for Chinese citizens＇ literacy one of the indispensable key aspects of that training. Because of China＇s vast land area and the significance of the regional differences, it is difficult for students to receive a solid education regarding China＇s geography. In 1902, the government established the geography curriculum and began to incorporate the concept of geographical regionalization to facilitate the teaching of China＇s geography by publishing the first syllabi, which was modified later and put into use in 1904. Since 1904, numerous geog raphy textbooks have attempted to find an appropriate way to present China＇s geographical regionalization, as it is important for secondary students to have a clear understanding and appreciation for the different regional characteristics. Accordingly, the geographical region alization content is divided into four main phases： 1902 to 1927; 1928 to 1948; 1949 to 1986; and 1986 to the present. During these phases, the content related to China＇s geographical regionalization in secondary middle school geography textbooks has been gradually simplified and has adopted a more scientific foundation, thus leading to the present time where there are now four geographical regional areas. From this historical study, we find that while China＇s geographical regionalization has gradually matured, there are still some problems. For example, dividing the study into four regions to describe the panorama of China is too simplified, and the learning therefore becomes too scattered and haphazard, particularly qiven the new curriculum reform.展开更多
According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their o...According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their occurrence in soil-climatic and relief types of plant habitats in the mountainous territories of Kyrgyzstan.The materials were collected during organized research expeditions to natural areas of plant habitats.The occurrence of species was studied by well-known methods.As a result of such analysis we have made the following conclusions for the first time:in the flora of Kyrgyzstan there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus,they are representatives of 7 subgenera of this genus;species occur in 24 types of plant habitats with soil and relief features,taking into account the altitudinal regularity of taxa distribution in mountain phytocenoses;subgenuses and specific species characterized by broad,smallest and intermediate sizes of habitats were identified;groupings of plant habitat types on the territory of Kyrgyzstan characterized by the largest,smallest and intermediate indicators on the number of subgenuses and species of the genus Astragalus were identified.The botanical description of each species has been supplemented with new information about the species as a taxonomic unit.The materials of our work can be successfully used in the field of systematics,evolution and ecology of plants.展开更多
With an average elevation of over 4,500 meters and spanning 2.5 million square km,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the highest and largest plateau on Earth,earning it the title the"roof of the world".Un surpris...With an average elevation of over 4,500 meters and spanning 2.5 million square km,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the highest and largest plateau on Earth,earning it the title the"roof of the world".Un surprisingly,the plateau is home to exceptional biodiversity,making it one of the most biologically rich geographical regions in the world.展开更多
Land use changes are regarded as landscape pattern change driven by many interactive natural and social-economic factors. Different combination of physical geographical elements induced the difference of spatio-tempor...Land use changes are regarded as landscape pattern change driven by many interactive natural and social-economic factors. Different combination of physical geographical elements induced the difference of spatio-temporal pattern of land use change. There are four physical geographical regions in Mongolian Autonomou County of Qian Gorlos of Jilin Province. Based on spatial analysis and statistical analysis, we conclude that the primary pattern of land use and the tendency of land use changes are all different in four physical geographical regions. During 1987 – 1996, the dominant land use change processes were from grassland or forest to arableland, from unused land to paddy and grassland to unused land. Though land use change is mainly affected by social and economic condition in short period, the composite characters of physical geographical elements controls land use dynamic process. The relationship between land use dynamic process and the character of physical geographical units differ in different regions. Possible human impacts on land use change are explored with application of buffer areas of series distance along main roads and radius around main settlements. A few models are built to describe the relationship between land use spatial change rates and distance to road and settlements. According to our result, the relationship with the proximity to roads was a negative liner function, with the change rate decreasing rapidly when moving away from roads. Within a distance of less 7.5km from main traffic lines, land use changes occur red more. The bulk of grassland was apt to be opened up for cultivation around the settlements and the transformation from dryland to paddy occurred within the distance of 1km away from settlements.展开更多
The world animal geographical regionalization scheme and the plant geographical regionalization scheme have been formulated by zoologists and botanists respectively since the biogeography has been established.This res...The world animal geographical regionalization scheme and the plant geographical regionalization scheme have been formulated by zoologists and botanists respectively since the biogeography has been established.This research team initially confirmed the homogeneity of Chinese animal and plant geography.To explore the relationship between the distribution pattern of global animals,plants,and microorganisms,global 141,814 genera of terrestrial animals,17,526 genera of plants,21,321 genera of microorganisms,and their major taxa were analyzed using their proposed SGF(Similarity General Formula)and a new multivariate similarity clustering analysis method.Almost identical analytical results were obtained,meeting the requirements of statistics,geography,ecology and biology respectively.The expected consistency of their distribution pattern was achieved for the first time.We prove that the earth’s ecological conditions affect the homogeneity and accumulation of the distribution of animals,plants and microorganisms.Homogeneity determines the distribution pattern of global kinds of biological consistency,accumulation determines the impact of the evolutionary period on the breadth of distribution,microorganisms appear earliest,plants second,animals later,and their average distribution domain decreases in turn,reflecting these differences.Therefore,this study not only provides a theoretical basis and quantitative basis for the establishment of geographical regionalization scheme but also advances the development of biogeography to a new stage and raises the theory of biogeographic analysis to a new height.展开更多
Personalized recommender systems have been widely deployed in various scenarios to enhance user experience in response to the challenge of information explosion.Especially,personalized recommendation models based on g...Personalized recommender systems have been widely deployed in various scenarios to enhance user experience in response to the challenge of information explosion.Especially,personalized recommendation models based on graph structure have advanced greatly in predicting user preferences.However,geographical region entities that reflect the geographical context of the items is not being utilized in previous works,leaving room for the improvement of personalized recommendation.This study proposes a region-aware neural graph collaborative filtering(RA-NGCF)model,which introduces the geographical regions for improving the prediction of user preference.The approach first characterizes the relationships between items and users with a user-item-region graph.And,a neural network model for the region-aware graph is derived to capture the higher-order interaction among users,items,and regions.Finally,the model fuses region and item vectors to infer user preferences.Experiments on real-world dataset results show that introducing region entities improves the accuracy of personalized recommendations.This study provides a new approach for optimizing personalized recommendation as well as a methodological reference for facilitating geographical regions for optimizing spatial applications.展开更多
In a recent study published in Cel^(l),Piperni and colleagues revealed that Blastocystis prevalence varies significantly across geographic regions and lifestyles,with higher carriage linked to healthier plant-based di...In a recent study published in Cel^(l),Piperni and colleagues revealed that Blastocystis prevalence varies significantly across geographic regions and lifestyles,with higher carriage linked to healthier plant-based diets and favorable cardiometabolic profiles.These findings position Blastocystis as a potential biomarker for gut health and metabolic well-being,challenging its traditional perception as a pathogen(Fig.1).展开更多
The historical path of human progress followed a more or less uniform pattern,but the speed of that progress varied by geographical region.As one of the four oldest civilizations in the world,China has a cultural heri...The historical path of human progress followed a more or less uniform pattern,but the speed of that progress varied by geographical region.As one of the four oldest civilizations in the world,China has a cultural heritage lasting thousands of years without suspension which,owing to its profundity and magnanimity,has become a predominant part of Eastern civilization vying in brilliance with Western civilization.展开更多
Objective To clarify the distribution of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype in geographical regions of China Methods Seventeen representative HAV strains were isolated from the stool or serum of hepatitis A patients...Objective To clarify the distribution of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype in geographical regions of China Methods Seventeen representative HAV strains were isolated from the stool or serum of hepatitis A patients in different geographical regions Viral RNA was recovered from stool or serum by proteinase K digestion and phenol chloroform extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation prior to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) amplification The nucleotide sequences of VP1/2A junction region were tested by using a direct sequencing technique Results A pairwise comparison of sequences within 168 bases at the VP1/2A junction revealed that all the sequences clustered within genotype Ⅰ About 53% of strains clustered in genotype ⅠB, with less than 6% variability; while the others clustered in genotype ⅠA, with less than 5 3% variability Sequence homology between genotype ⅠA and ⅠB varied from 88 7% to 92 3% Conclusion Epidemic or sporadic HAV strains in China may belong to HAV genotype ⅠA or ⅠB Epidemiologically related strains may be identical or closely related in sequence展开更多
基金Financial support for the study was provided by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2015M570431)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. BK20150579)the State High Technology Funds of China (Grant No. 2009AA122001)
文摘Ecological geographic regions, also called eco-regions, can be used to divide a remotely sensed image, which is helpful for reducing the complexity of land cover types within eco-regions and for improving the classification accuracy of land cover. In this case study in China, we improved a method of ecological geographic regionalization that is more suitable for remote sensing mapping of regional land cover, and we obtained new eco-regions. The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and k-means clustering were adopted in the ecological geographic regionalization using both seasonal remotely-sensed vegetation information and environmental data including climate, elevation and soil features. Our results show that the combination of seasonal vegetation information and the CCA performed well in the selection of the dominant environmental factor of the biogeographic pattern, and it can be used as regionalization indicators of eco-regions. We found that thermal factors are the most important driving forces of the biogeographic pattern in China, which followed by moisture factors. Two global land cover products(MODIS MCD12C1 and Glob Cover) were used to assess our eco-regions. The results show that our eco-regions performed better than that of a previous study regarding the complexity of land cover types, such as in the number of types and the proportional area of the major/secondary type. These results indicate that the method of ecological geographic regionalization, which is based on environmental factors associated with seasonal vegetation features, is effective for reducing the regional complexity of land cover.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China, No.AHA120008
文摘AS geographic literacy training is an education, national geographical education is essential content for Chinese citizens＇ literacy one of the indispensable key aspects of that training. Because of China＇s vast land area and the significance of the regional differences, it is difficult for students to receive a solid education regarding China＇s geography. In 1902, the government established the geography curriculum and began to incorporate the concept of geographical regionalization to facilitate the teaching of China＇s geography by publishing the first syllabi, which was modified later and put into use in 1904. Since 1904, numerous geog raphy textbooks have attempted to find an appropriate way to present China＇s geographical regionalization, as it is important for secondary students to have a clear understanding and appreciation for the different regional characteristics. Accordingly, the geographical region alization content is divided into four main phases： 1902 to 1927; 1928 to 1948; 1949 to 1986; and 1986 to the present. During these phases, the content related to China＇s geographical regionalization in secondary middle school geography textbooks has been gradually simplified and has adopted a more scientific foundation, thus leading to the present time where there are now four geographical regional areas. From this historical study, we find that while China＇s geographical regionalization has gradually matured, there are still some problems. For example, dividing the study into four regions to describe the panorama of China is too simplified, and the learning therefore becomes too scattered and haphazard, particularly qiven the new curriculum reform.
文摘According to literary data,there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus that inhabit the territory of Kyrgyzstan.The distribution of species of the genus Astragalus(Fabaceae)was studied by taking into account their occurrence in soil-climatic and relief types of plant habitats in the mountainous territories of Kyrgyzstan.The materials were collected during organized research expeditions to natural areas of plant habitats.The occurrence of species was studied by well-known methods.As a result of such analysis we have made the following conclusions for the first time:in the flora of Kyrgyzstan there are 189 species of the genus Astragalus,they are representatives of 7 subgenera of this genus;species occur in 24 types of plant habitats with soil and relief features,taking into account the altitudinal regularity of taxa distribution in mountain phytocenoses;subgenuses and specific species characterized by broad,smallest and intermediate sizes of habitats were identified;groupings of plant habitat types on the territory of Kyrgyzstan characterized by the largest,smallest and intermediate indicators on the number of subgenuses and species of the genus Astragalus were identified.The botanical description of each species has been supplemented with new information about the species as a taxonomic unit.The materials of our work can be successfully used in the field of systematics,evolution and ecology of plants.
文摘With an average elevation of over 4,500 meters and spanning 2.5 million square km,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the highest and largest plateau on Earth,earning it the title the"roof of the world".Un surprisingly,the plateau is home to exceptional biodiversity,making it one of the most biologically rich geographical regions in the world.
基金the auspices of the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of sciences (KZCXI - Y - 02)the Key Ninth Five-Year P
文摘Land use changes are regarded as landscape pattern change driven by many interactive natural and social-economic factors. Different combination of physical geographical elements induced the difference of spatio-temporal pattern of land use change. There are four physical geographical regions in Mongolian Autonomou County of Qian Gorlos of Jilin Province. Based on spatial analysis and statistical analysis, we conclude that the primary pattern of land use and the tendency of land use changes are all different in four physical geographical regions. During 1987 – 1996, the dominant land use change processes were from grassland or forest to arableland, from unused land to paddy and grassland to unused land. Though land use change is mainly affected by social and economic condition in short period, the composite characters of physical geographical elements controls land use dynamic process. The relationship between land use dynamic process and the character of physical geographical units differ in different regions. Possible human impacts on land use change are explored with application of buffer areas of series distance along main roads and radius around main settlements. A few models are built to describe the relationship between land use spatial change rates and distance to road and settlements. According to our result, the relationship with the proximity to roads was a negative liner function, with the change rate decreasing rapidly when moving away from roads. Within a distance of less 7.5km from main traffic lines, land use changes occur red more. The bulk of grassland was apt to be opened up for cultivation around the settlements and the transformation from dryland to paddy occurred within the distance of 1km away from settlements.
文摘The world animal geographical regionalization scheme and the plant geographical regionalization scheme have been formulated by zoologists and botanists respectively since the biogeography has been established.This research team initially confirmed the homogeneity of Chinese animal and plant geography.To explore the relationship between the distribution pattern of global animals,plants,and microorganisms,global 141,814 genera of terrestrial animals,17,526 genera of plants,21,321 genera of microorganisms,and their major taxa were analyzed using their proposed SGF(Similarity General Formula)and a new multivariate similarity clustering analysis method.Almost identical analytical results were obtained,meeting the requirements of statistics,geography,ecology and biology respectively.The expected consistency of their distribution pattern was achieved for the first time.We prove that the earth’s ecological conditions affect the homogeneity and accumulation of the distribution of animals,plants and microorganisms.Homogeneity determines the distribution pattern of global kinds of biological consistency,accumulation determines the impact of the evolutionary period on the breadth of distribution,microorganisms appear earliest,plants second,animals later,and their average distribution domain decreases in turn,reflecting these differences.Therefore,this study not only provides a theoretical basis and quantitative basis for the establishment of geographical regionalization scheme but also advances the development of biogeography to a new stage and raises the theory of biogeographic analysis to a new height.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant number 42071382,61972365].
文摘Personalized recommender systems have been widely deployed in various scenarios to enhance user experience in response to the challenge of information explosion.Especially,personalized recommendation models based on graph structure have advanced greatly in predicting user preferences.However,geographical region entities that reflect the geographical context of the items is not being utilized in previous works,leaving room for the improvement of personalized recommendation.This study proposes a region-aware neural graph collaborative filtering(RA-NGCF)model,which introduces the geographical regions for improving the prediction of user preference.The approach first characterizes the relationships between items and users with a user-item-region graph.And,a neural network model for the region-aware graph is derived to capture the higher-order interaction among users,items,and regions.Finally,the model fuses region and item vectors to infer user preferences.Experiments on real-world dataset results show that introducing region entities improves the accuracy of personalized recommendations.This study provides a new approach for optimizing personalized recommendation as well as a methodological reference for facilitating geographical regions for optimizing spatial applications.
基金supported by European Cooperation in Science&Technology(EUCOST)grant(OC-2021-1-25116)awarded for Blastocystis under One Health'from the European Union(2022-2026)as well as by the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore,through grant numbers A-8000685-00-00 and A-8000629-00-00 awarded to L.D.and K.S.-W.T.
文摘In a recent study published in Cel^(l),Piperni and colleagues revealed that Blastocystis prevalence varies significantly across geographic regions and lifestyles,with higher carriage linked to healthier plant-based diets and favorable cardiometabolic profiles.These findings position Blastocystis as a potential biomarker for gut health and metabolic well-being,challenging its traditional perception as a pathogen(Fig.1).
文摘The historical path of human progress followed a more or less uniform pattern,but the speed of that progress varied by geographical region.As one of the four oldest civilizations in the world,China has a cultural heritage lasting thousands of years without suspension which,owing to its profundity and magnanimity,has become a predominant part of Eastern civilization vying in brilliance with Western civilization.
文摘Objective To clarify the distribution of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype in geographical regions of China Methods Seventeen representative HAV strains were isolated from the stool or serum of hepatitis A patients in different geographical regions Viral RNA was recovered from stool or serum by proteinase K digestion and phenol chloroform extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation prior to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) amplification The nucleotide sequences of VP1/2A junction region were tested by using a direct sequencing technique Results A pairwise comparison of sequences within 168 bases at the VP1/2A junction revealed that all the sequences clustered within genotype Ⅰ About 53% of strains clustered in genotype ⅠB, with less than 6% variability; while the others clustered in genotype ⅠA, with less than 5 3% variability Sequence homology between genotype ⅠA and ⅠB varied from 88 7% to 92 3% Conclusion Epidemic or sporadic HAV strains in China may belong to HAV genotype ⅠA or ⅠB Epidemiologically related strains may be identical or closely related in sequence
