In order to extract the boundary of rural habitation, based on geographic name data and basic geographic information data, an extraction method that use polygon aggregation is raised, it can extract the boundary of th...In order to extract the boundary of rural habitation, based on geographic name data and basic geographic information data, an extraction method that use polygon aggregation is raised, it can extract the boundary of three levels of rural habitation consists of town, administrative village and nature village. The method first extracts the boundary of nature village by aggregating the resident polygon, then extracts the boundary of administrative village by aggregating the boundary of nature village, and last extracts the boundary of town by aggregating the boundary of administrative village. The related methods of extracting the boundary of those three levels rural habitation has been given in detail during the experiment with basic geographic information data and geographic name data. Experimental results show the method can be a reference for boundary extraction of rural habitation.展开更多
The concept of geographical indication is similar to the idea of authentic medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. This paper examines the geographical indication (GI) resources of medicinal herbs in the Wuli...The concept of geographical indication is similar to the idea of authentic medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. This paper examines the geographical indication (GI) resources of medicinal herbs in the Wuling Mountain Area from various perspectives, including geographical indication products, geographical indication trademarks, China s geographical indication products mutually recognized and protected with the EU, geographical indication standards, and the exclusive geographical indication logo. It studies the regional public brand characteristics of Chinese authentic medicinal herbs, based on hometown of authentic Chinese medicinal herbs, advantageous regions of characteristic agricultural products, important agricultural cultural heritage, national famous and excellent new agricultural products, national characteristic agricultural products, geographical indication Chinese well-known trademarks, advantageous regions of characteristic agricultural products, and regional public brands of agricultural products. It analyzes the main problems in the protection of geographical indications and the creation of regional public brands, and proposes suggestions for building high-quality authentic medicinal herb bases, developing new quality productivity in the authentic medicinal herb industry, implementing regional brand strategies for authentic medicinal herbs, constructing a new development pattern of dual circulation authentic medicinal herbs, etc.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phyl...Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis across the entire complex has been lacking,we thus conducted phylogenomic analyses and explored biogeographic patterns using 680 single-copy nuclear genes(SCNs)obtained from whole-genome sequencing data of 58 globally sourced B.tabaci specimens.We constructed both concatenation and coalescent trees using 680 SCNs,which produced highly supported bootstrap values and nearly identical topologies for all major clades.When comparing these concatenation trees with those constructed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI)and mitochondrial genome,we found conflicting phylogenetic relationships,with the later trees recovering fewer major clades.In a separate comparison between concatenation and coalescent trees,particularly those generated using IQ-TREE,they were found to delineate population relationships more effectively than RaxML.In contrast,coalescent phylogenies were proficient in elucidating geographical dispersal patterns and the reorganization of biological species.Furthermore,we provided a strict consensus tree that clearly defines relationships within most clades,laying a solid foundation for future research on the evolution and taxonomy of B.tabaci.Ancestral range estimates suggested that the ancestral region of the complex is likely situated in equatorial Africa,the Middle East,and Mediterranean regions.Subsequently,the expansion occurred into part of the Palearctic and further into the Nearctic,Neotropical,Indomalayan,and Australasian regions.These findings challenge both previous classifications and origin hypotheses,offering a notably more comprehensive understanding of the global distribution,evolutionary history,diversification,and biogeography of B.tabaci.展开更多
Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermine...Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermined.We present an analytical framework that reveals the spatial matching between global water scarcity risk and virtual water trade inequality.This framework integrates a three-dimensional water scarcity risk assessment,hybrid input-output analysis,pollution trade term construction,and geographic convergence identification.The framework is applied to 123 countries for long-term validation from 1991 to 2021.We show that despite global improvements in water efficiency and security,countries exceeding the maximum water vulnerability threshold have increased by 50%.South Asia is the largest net exporter of virtual water.Central Asia exhibits the most pronounced virtual water trade inequality.To achieve the same economic growth,Central Asia needs to pay several times the local water consumption costs of developed regions(15.9−83.6 times,2021).In the past 30 years,the average geographic convergence index exceeded 0.8.Countries facing severe water scarcity also exhibit pronounced inequalities in virtual water trade,indicating that a significant geographic convergence relationship exists.Effectively responding to this unsustainable relationship necessitates balancing both domestic resource risk management and global virtual water trade regulation.展开更多
The accessibility of urban public transit directly influences residents’quality of life,travel behavior,and social equity.Its correlation with housing prices has garnered significant attention across disciplines such...The accessibility of urban public transit directly influences residents’quality of life,travel behavior,and social equity.Its correlation with housing prices has garnered significant attention across disciplines such as geography,economics,and urban planning.Although much existing research focuses on the impact of individual transportation facilities on housing prices,there is a notable gap in comprehensive analyses that assess the influence of overall urban transit accessibility on housing market dynamics.This study selected the main urban area of Hefei,China,as a case to investigate the spatial distribution of housing prices and evaluate public transit accessibility in 2022.Employing techniques such as the optimized parameter geographical detector and local spatial regression models,the study aimed to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of urban transit accessibility on housing prices.The findings revealed that:1)housing prices in Hefei exhibited a clustered spatial pattern,with high prices concentrated in the city center and lower prices in peripheral areas,forming three distinct high-price hotspots with a‘belt-like’distribution;2)public transit accessibility showed a‘coreperiphery’structure,with accessibility declining in a‘circumferential’pattern around the city center.Based on the‘housing price-accessibility’dimension,four categories were identified:high price-high accessibility(37.25%),high price-low accessibility(19.07%),low price-high accessibility(21.95%),and low price-low accessibility(21.73%);3)the impact of transit accessibility on housing prices was spatially heterogeneous,with bus travel showing the strongest explanatory power(0.692),followed by automobile,subway,and bicycle travel.The interaction of these transportation modes generated a synergistic effect on housing price differentiation,with most influencing factors contributing more than 25%.These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the spatial distribution of public transit infrastructure and improving both urban housing quality and residents’living standards.展开更多
Recently,the China National Intellectual Property Administration released the"List of Enterprises Approved to Use the Geographical Indication Logo."The"Wujiang Silk"geographical indication logo has...Recently,the China National Intellectual Property Administration released the"List of Enterprises Approved to Use the Geographical Indication Logo."The"Wujiang Silk"geographical indication logo has been renewed and launched.This official approval serves to distinguish and celebrate the quality and cultural heritage of Shengze silk,and the use of this symbol is a testament to that distinction.Three enterprises from Shengze have been approved to use the logo:Saint Joy,Huajia Silk,and Xinmin Silk.展开更多
To elucidate the geographical differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms of Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM)in typical rivers,this study conducted a multi-spectral investigation on three representative river ...To elucidate the geographical differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms of Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM)in typical rivers,this study conducted a multi-spectral investigation on three representative river types within Shandong Province:The mountainous Dawen River,the plain Tuhai River,and the artificial East Grand Canal.The DOM composition was analyzed using Ultraviolet-Visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,Excitation-Emission Matrix(EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy,and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC),while Principal Component Analysis(PCA)was employed to quantify the synergistic effects of natural processes and anthropogenic activities.Results revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in DOM composition and sources.The plain river exhibited the highest aromaticity(humic-like components:43.3%)due to long-term agricultural non-point source inputs and urban wastewater discharge.The mountain stream,shaped by complex terrain and relatively intact ecosystems,was dominated by autochthonous DOM derived from microbial metabolism,with higher Fluorescence Index(FI=2.12)and biological index(BIX=1.35)than other river types.The artificial canal retained protein-like components(64.2%),largely attributed to winter hydrological stagnation and disturbances from shipping activities.Further analysis demonstrated that geographical settings(e.g.,mountain terrain)and anthropogenic activities(e.g.,agriculture,shipping)jointly regulated DOM composition by altering the balance between input and transformation processes.Integrated fluorescence parameters and PCA results suggested differentiated management strategies:protecting ecological integrity in mountain streams to sustain selfpurification,enhancing non-point source interception in plain rivers,and mitigating shipping pollution in canals.This study systematically reveals the natural-anthropogenic coupling mechanisms driving DOM dynamics in northern China rivers,providing critical insights for precision water environment management at the watershed scale.展开更多
The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographi...The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical names(ITPGN) from three aspects: numerical features, spatial variance and spatial agglomeration. The influencing factors of the distribution of ITPGN and the implications for the regional management were further discussed. GIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of ITPGN, analyze the spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of ITPGN. A total of 11,325 ITPGN, including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN, were extracted from the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014–2018)", and the mountain geographical names were the largest type in ITPGN. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names in China, and Shanghai had the smallest number of the names. The spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. In addition, the relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the ITPGN. The largest number of the geographical names occurred in the regions where the relative elevation was between 1000–2000 meters, and where the population was between 40–50 million. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that the government should take the ITPGN as management units, optimize management strategies based on the characteristics of different types of ITPGN, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities and balance the interests in the controversial ITPGN. This study demonstrated that GIS and spatial analysis techniques were useful for the research of ITPGN and the results could provide targeted management suggestions to realize coordinated development in the interprovincial regions.展开更多
Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research ofToponymy,some foundational problems of the Geographical Name Information System(GINS)are discussed in this paper.The present situatio...Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research ofToponymy,some foundational problems of the Geographical Name Information System(GINS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation of Toponymical research is anal-ysed and the necessity of introducing the GIS tools to the research of Toponymy is demon-strated.The conceptual model of the GNIS and the structure of Geographical name Database(GND)are discussed.The basic functions of the GNIS software for management and re-search of geographical name are suggested.Some issues are stated such as the applicationand potential of the combination of GIS with CAD in the management and research of To-ponymy,the combination of GNIS with other spatial information system and sharing the in-formation with each other,the research and development of GNIS, etc.展开更多
Suffering from fragile environment, poor accessibility and infrastructure, as well as social,political and economic marginality, the interprovincial mountain geographical entities are difficult areas for the regional ...Suffering from fragile environment, poor accessibility and infrastructure, as well as social,political and economic marginality, the interprovincial mountain geographical entities are difficult areas for the regional governance in China.By analyzing the spatial patterns and the influencing factors of the interprovincial mountain geographical names(IMGNs), the goal of this research is to clarify the geographical features of IMGNs and offer alternatives for the management of interprovincial mountain regions in China. The spatial visualization,the analysis of spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of IMGNs were all implemented under a geographical information system. Results showed that there were 6869 IMGNs in China according to the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014-2018)",including 4209 mountain geographical names, 1684 mountain peak geographical names and 976 the other mountain geographical names. Hunan Province had the largest number of names while Shanghai had the smallest number of names. In addition, the spatial variance of the mountain peak names and the mountain names were larger than that of the other mountain geographical names, and the IMGNs showed a significant clustering phenomenon in the southern part of China. The relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the IMGNs. The largest number of the names occurred where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 m and where the population was between 40-50 million. Density of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities declined from west to east in China. The analysis of generic names of different types of IMGNs implied that the naming of IMGNs is inconsistent. Based on these analyses, it is suggested that the government should take the IMGNs as management units, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities, standardize the generic names of IMGNs and identify areas of poverty based on the survey of IMGNs.展开更多
Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizin...Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizing outdoor activities as it offers a means to determine the locational information and names of places.To evaluate the quality of VGI,geospatial data generated by land survey agencies and other VGI are often utilized as reference data.However,since these reference data may not be available,other methods are necessary to assure the quality of VGI.In this study,we examined five trust indicators based on the inherent characteristics of VGI through an empirical case study.We used mountain names extracted from OpenStreetMap in Japan as data because there were almost no other VGI in the vicinity.As a result,we isolated three trust indicators,namely versions,users,and tag corrections,to examine the thematic accuracy of VGI because these were the only statistically significant indicators.However,we found that the prediction rate of thematic accuracy was very low.To improve thematic accuracy,this study recommends using the most accurate versions,applying correctly given tags,and considering the motivations and characteristics of the VGI contributors.展开更多
Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orien...Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.展开更多
This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)syste...This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and la...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and latitude in alpine grasslands of the QTP.We then identified the environmental factors that drive these observed patterns of plant productivity and species diversity.We found that although plant productivity and species diversity varied greatly across large-scale longitudinal and latitudinal gradients,these changes were strongest across the longitudinal gradient.This finding indicates that moisture rather than temperature has the greatest impact on plant productivity and species diversity of the alpine grasslands in the QTP.We also found that besides soil and climate factors,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))also has significant effects on plant productivity,and barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen(pO_(2))also have significant effects on species diversity.Furthermore,the relationship between the biomass of grassland-dominant species and species diversity was affected by the spatial scale at which these factors were studied.Our study provides new insights into the interconnections between plant productivity and species diversity and the major factors that influence alpine grasslands.It also provides a scientific basis for the maintenance of plant diversity and ecosystem functions in hypoxic(low-oxygen)regions.展开更多
Cropland abandonment has been a widespread phenomenon in mountainous areas due to the increasing number of natural disasters and the massive migration of rural labor in the process of rapid urbanization.Land transfer ...Cropland abandonment has been a widespread phenomenon in mountainous areas due to the increasing number of natural disasters and the massive migration of rural labor in the process of rapid urbanization.Land transfer is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring food security and fostering rural revitalization.How to promote land transfer in mountainous areas remains a challenging but important task.Nevertheless,there is a dearth of research examining land transfers among farm households that specifically address mountainous regions,and the influence of grassroots governance and geographic location has not been thoroughly elucidated within this particular context.Based on 895household samples collected in Dabie Mountainous Area in China,this study employs binary and ordinal logistic regression models to provide a more comprehensive analysis on land transfers among rural households and the determinants,including the decision to transfer land,the existence of land transfer rents,the channel of land transfer,the duration of the transfer,the pre-transfer cultivation situation,and the level of satisfaction with the land transfer rent.The findings reveal that grassroots governance,geographic location,livelihood capital,and demographic factors significantly influence land transfers among rural households.Specifically,villagers'public participation positively affects land transfer participation(β=0.235,p<0.05),while the operation of village rules and regulations negatively impacts it(β=-0.296,p<0.05).Village cadre satisfaction positively influences both land transfer rent(β=0.274,p<0.05)and rent satisfaction(β=0.303,p<0.05).Improved civil relations in the village correlate with lower land transfer rent(β=-0.511,p<0.05),while a better social atmosphere is associated with higher satisfaction with transfer rent(β=0.575,p<0.01).Households at higher elevations tend to prefer government-mediated land transfers with longer durations.The distances to the township and county centers have contrasting effects on land transfer rent,but their impacts on participation in land transfer,choice of transfer channel,and duration are consistent.The study also found that different types of livelihood capital,as well as the demographic characteristics of households,significantly affect various aspects of land transfer.These empirical findings can inform policymaking to promote more efficient land transfers in mountainous region.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.How...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.However,the highly dynamic nature of UAVs,frequently changing network topologies and security issues,poses significant challenges to packet forwarding in UAV networks.The existing topology-based routing protocols are not well suited in UAV network due to their high controlling overhead or excessive end-to-end delay.Geographic routing is regarded as a promising solution,as it only requires local information.In order to enhance the accuracy and security of geographic routing in highly dynamic UAV network,in this paper,we propose a new predictive geographic(PGeo)routing strategy with location verification.First,a detection mechanism is adopted to recognize malicious UAVs falsifying their location.Then,an accurate average service time of a packet in the medium access control(MAC)layer is derived to assist location prediction.The proposed delay model can provide a theoretical basis for future work,and our simulation results reveal that PGeo outstrips the existing geographic routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio in the presence of location spoofing behavior.展开更多
AIM:To determine the differences in levels of systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)in patients with geographic atrophy(GA)and sex-based differences in CRP levels.METHODS:Blood samples from patients with GA and controls wer...AIM:To determine the differences in levels of systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)in patients with geographic atrophy(GA)and sex-based differences in CRP levels.METHODS:Blood samples from patients with GA and controls were collected in a prospective age-related macular degeneration(AMD)registry from August 2014 to June 2021.AMD was confirmed using multimodal imaging and the Beckman and Consensus of Atrophy Meeting criteria for GA.High-sensitivity serum CRP levels were measured using an automated nephelometer.A non-parametric(rank-based)linear regression model was fit with an interaction between sex and GA.RESULTS:There were 97 GA patients and 139 controls,with females comprising 55%and 66%of each cohort,respectively.There is no difference in CRP between cases and controls,with a median(interquartile range)of 1.2(0.6-2.6)mg/L in GA patients versus 1.3(0.8–2.9)mg/L in controls(P=0.52).Although females had higher CRP levels compared to males in both the GA and control groups,this difference did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons.CONCLUSION:There is no significant difference in systemic CRP levels between GA cases and controls.展开更多
Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ...Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.展开更多
The effects of geographic factors on information dissemination among investors have been extensively studied;however,the relationship between the geographical distance and stock price synchronization remains unclear.G...The effects of geographic factors on information dissemination among investors have been extensively studied;however,the relationship between the geographical distance and stock price synchronization remains unclear.Grounded in information asymmetry theory,this study investigates the impact of geographical distance on stock price synchronization in the Chinese stock market.Using the data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges,we find that a greater geographical distance between mutual funds and firms considerably increases stock price synchronization,highlighting a strong positive relationship.Additional analysis show that firms in the regions with better external and internal governance,benefit more from reduced information asymmetry,than those in less regulated or transparent regions.These results have key implications for institutional investors and policymakers aiming to enhance information dissemination and market integration in China.展开更多
文摘In order to extract the boundary of rural habitation, based on geographic name data and basic geographic information data, an extraction method that use polygon aggregation is raised, it can extract the boundary of three levels of rural habitation consists of town, administrative village and nature village. The method first extracts the boundary of nature village by aggregating the resident polygon, then extracts the boundary of administrative village by aggregating the boundary of nature village, and last extracts the boundary of town by aggregating the boundary of administrative village. The related methods of extracting the boundary of those three levels rural habitation has been given in detail during the experiment with basic geographic information data and geographic name data. Experimental results show the method can be a reference for boundary extraction of rural habitation.
基金Supported by the Project of National Social Science Fund of China (22CMZ015).
文摘The concept of geographical indication is similar to the idea of authentic medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. This paper examines the geographical indication (GI) resources of medicinal herbs in the Wuling Mountain Area from various perspectives, including geographical indication products, geographical indication trademarks, China s geographical indication products mutually recognized and protected with the EU, geographical indication standards, and the exclusive geographical indication logo. It studies the regional public brand characteristics of Chinese authentic medicinal herbs, based on hometown of authentic Chinese medicinal herbs, advantageous regions of characteristic agricultural products, important agricultural cultural heritage, national famous and excellent new agricultural products, national characteristic agricultural products, geographical indication Chinese well-known trademarks, advantageous regions of characteristic agricultural products, and regional public brands of agricultural products. It analyzes the main problems in the protection of geographical indications and the creation of regional public brands, and proposes suggestions for building high-quality authentic medicinal herb bases, developing new quality productivity in the authentic medicinal herb industry, implementing regional brand strategies for authentic medicinal herbs, constructing a new development pattern of dual circulation authentic medicinal herbs, etc.
基金supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(African cassava whitefly project,OPP1058938)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 31501878).
文摘Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis across the entire complex has been lacking,we thus conducted phylogenomic analyses and explored biogeographic patterns using 680 single-copy nuclear genes(SCNs)obtained from whole-genome sequencing data of 58 globally sourced B.tabaci specimens.We constructed both concatenation and coalescent trees using 680 SCNs,which produced highly supported bootstrap values and nearly identical topologies for all major clades.When comparing these concatenation trees with those constructed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI)and mitochondrial genome,we found conflicting phylogenetic relationships,with the later trees recovering fewer major clades.In a separate comparison between concatenation and coalescent trees,particularly those generated using IQ-TREE,they were found to delineate population relationships more effectively than RaxML.In contrast,coalescent phylogenies were proficient in elucidating geographical dispersal patterns and the reorganization of biological species.Furthermore,we provided a strict consensus tree that clearly defines relationships within most clades,laying a solid foundation for future research on the evolution and taxonomy of B.tabaci.Ancestral range estimates suggested that the ancestral region of the complex is likely situated in equatorial Africa,the Middle East,and Mediterranean regions.Subsequently,the expansion occurred into part of the Palearctic and further into the Nearctic,Neotropical,Indomalayan,and Australasian regions.These findings challenge both previous classifications and origin hypotheses,offering a notably more comprehensive understanding of the global distribution,evolutionary history,diversification,and biogeography of B.tabaci.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52279027)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC3200201)+1 种基金Key Research Project on Decision Consultation of the Strategic Development Department of China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2023070615CG111504)China Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy Henan Research Institute Strategic Consulting Research Project(Grant No.2024HENYB01).
文摘Unequal virtual water transfer may aggravate local water scarcity risk.However,the quantitative confirmation of a clear geographic convergence between virtual water transfer and water scarcity risk remains undetermined.We present an analytical framework that reveals the spatial matching between global water scarcity risk and virtual water trade inequality.This framework integrates a three-dimensional water scarcity risk assessment,hybrid input-output analysis,pollution trade term construction,and geographic convergence identification.The framework is applied to 123 countries for long-term validation from 1991 to 2021.We show that despite global improvements in water efficiency and security,countries exceeding the maximum water vulnerability threshold have increased by 50%.South Asia is the largest net exporter of virtual water.Central Asia exhibits the most pronounced virtual water trade inequality.To achieve the same economic growth,Central Asia needs to pay several times the local water consumption costs of developed regions(15.9−83.6 times,2021).In the past 30 years,the average geographic convergence index exceeded 0.8.Countries facing severe water scarcity also exhibit pronounced inequalities in virtual water trade,indicating that a significant geographic convergence relationship exists.Effectively responding to this unsustainable relationship necessitates balancing both domestic resource risk management and global virtual water trade regulation.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271224,41901193)Ministry of Edu cation Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund Project of China(No.24YJAZH190)+1 种基金Anhui Province Excellent Youth Research Project in Universities(No.2022AH030019)Anhui Social Sciences Innovation Development Research Project(No.2024CXQ503)。
文摘The accessibility of urban public transit directly influences residents’quality of life,travel behavior,and social equity.Its correlation with housing prices has garnered significant attention across disciplines such as geography,economics,and urban planning.Although much existing research focuses on the impact of individual transportation facilities on housing prices,there is a notable gap in comprehensive analyses that assess the influence of overall urban transit accessibility on housing market dynamics.This study selected the main urban area of Hefei,China,as a case to investigate the spatial distribution of housing prices and evaluate public transit accessibility in 2022.Employing techniques such as the optimized parameter geographical detector and local spatial regression models,the study aimed to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of urban transit accessibility on housing prices.The findings revealed that:1)housing prices in Hefei exhibited a clustered spatial pattern,with high prices concentrated in the city center and lower prices in peripheral areas,forming three distinct high-price hotspots with a‘belt-like’distribution;2)public transit accessibility showed a‘coreperiphery’structure,with accessibility declining in a‘circumferential’pattern around the city center.Based on the‘housing price-accessibility’dimension,four categories were identified:high price-high accessibility(37.25%),high price-low accessibility(19.07%),low price-high accessibility(21.95%),and low price-low accessibility(21.73%);3)the impact of transit accessibility on housing prices was spatially heterogeneous,with bus travel showing the strongest explanatory power(0.692),followed by automobile,subway,and bicycle travel.The interaction of these transportation modes generated a synergistic effect on housing price differentiation,with most influencing factors contributing more than 25%.These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the spatial distribution of public transit infrastructure and improving both urban housing quality and residents’living standards.
文摘Recently,the China National Intellectual Property Administration released the"List of Enterprises Approved to Use the Geographical Indication Logo."The"Wujiang Silk"geographical indication logo has been renewed and launched.This official approval serves to distinguish and celebrate the quality and cultural heritage of Shengze silk,and the use of this symbol is a testament to that distinction.Three enterprises from Shengze have been approved to use the logo:Saint Joy,Huajia Silk,and Xinmin Silk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(42472325)the Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Geological Science(SK202103).
文摘To elucidate the geographical differentiation characteristics and driving mechanisms of Dissolved Organic Matter(DOM)in typical rivers,this study conducted a multi-spectral investigation on three representative river types within Shandong Province:The mountainous Dawen River,the plain Tuhai River,and the artificial East Grand Canal.The DOM composition was analyzed using Ultraviolet-Visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,Excitation-Emission Matrix(EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy,and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC),while Principal Component Analysis(PCA)was employed to quantify the synergistic effects of natural processes and anthropogenic activities.Results revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in DOM composition and sources.The plain river exhibited the highest aromaticity(humic-like components:43.3%)due to long-term agricultural non-point source inputs and urban wastewater discharge.The mountain stream,shaped by complex terrain and relatively intact ecosystems,was dominated by autochthonous DOM derived from microbial metabolism,with higher Fluorescence Index(FI=2.12)and biological index(BIX=1.35)than other river types.The artificial canal retained protein-like components(64.2%),largely attributed to winter hydrological stagnation and disturbances from shipping activities.Further analysis demonstrated that geographical settings(e.g.,mountain terrain)and anthropogenic activities(e.g.,agriculture,shipping)jointly regulated DOM composition by altering the balance between input and transformation processes.Integrated fluorescence parameters and PCA results suggested differentiated management strategies:protecting ecological integrity in mountain streams to sustain selfpurification,enhancing non-point source interception in plain rivers,and mitigating shipping pollution in canals.This study systematically reveals the natural-anthropogenic coupling mechanisms driving DOM dynamics in northern China rivers,providing critical insights for precision water environment management at the watershed scale.
基金Atlas of the People’s Republic of China(New Century Edition)Research,No.2013FY112800
文摘The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical names(ITPGN) from three aspects: numerical features, spatial variance and spatial agglomeration. The influencing factors of the distribution of ITPGN and the implications for the regional management were further discussed. GIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of ITPGN, analyze the spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of ITPGN. A total of 11,325 ITPGN, including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN, were extracted from the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014–2018)", and the mountain geographical names were the largest type in ITPGN. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names in China, and Shanghai had the smallest number of the names. The spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. In addition, the relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the ITPGN. The largest number of the geographical names occurred in the regions where the relative elevation was between 1000–2000 meters, and where the population was between 40–50 million. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that the government should take the ITPGN as management units, optimize management strategies based on the characteristics of different types of ITPGN, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities and balance the interests in the controversial ITPGN. This study demonstrated that GIS and spatial analysis techniques were useful for the research of ITPGN and the results could provide targeted management suggestions to realize coordinated development in the interprovincial regions.
文摘Based on the combination of Geographical information system(GIS)with the research ofToponymy,some foundational problems of the Geographical Name Information System(GINS)are discussed in this paper.The present situation of Toponymical research is anal-ysed and the necessity of introducing the GIS tools to the research of Toponymy is demon-strated.The conceptual model of the GNIS and the structure of Geographical name Database(GND)are discussed.The basic functions of the GNIS software for management and re-search of geographical name are suggested.Some issues are stated such as the applicationand potential of the combination of GIS with CAD in the management and research of To-ponymy,the combination of GNIS with other spatial information system and sharing the in-formation with each other,the research and development of GNIS, etc.
基金supported by the Project of "Atlas of the People's Republic of China (New Century Edition)”funded by Ministry of Science and Technology, China (No. 2013FY112800)
文摘Suffering from fragile environment, poor accessibility and infrastructure, as well as social,political and economic marginality, the interprovincial mountain geographical entities are difficult areas for the regional governance in China.By analyzing the spatial patterns and the influencing factors of the interprovincial mountain geographical names(IMGNs), the goal of this research is to clarify the geographical features of IMGNs and offer alternatives for the management of interprovincial mountain regions in China. The spatial visualization,the analysis of spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of IMGNs were all implemented under a geographical information system. Results showed that there were 6869 IMGNs in China according to the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014-2018)",including 4209 mountain geographical names, 1684 mountain peak geographical names and 976 the other mountain geographical names. Hunan Province had the largest number of names while Shanghai had the smallest number of names. In addition, the spatial variance of the mountain peak names and the mountain names were larger than that of the other mountain geographical names, and the IMGNs showed a significant clustering phenomenon in the southern part of China. The relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the IMGNs. The largest number of the names occurred where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 m and where the population was between 40-50 million. Density of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities declined from west to east in China. The analysis of generic names of different types of IMGNs implied that the naming of IMGNs is inconsistent. Based on these analyses, it is suggested that the government should take the IMGNs as management units, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial mountain geographical entities, standardize the generic names of IMGNs and identify areas of poverty based on the survey of IMGNs.
文摘Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide,including in Japan.Volunteered geographic information(VGI)is a key tool for organizing outdoor activities as it offers a means to determine the locational information and names of places.To evaluate the quality of VGI,geospatial data generated by land survey agencies and other VGI are often utilized as reference data.However,since these reference data may not be available,other methods are necessary to assure the quality of VGI.In this study,we examined five trust indicators based on the inherent characteristics of VGI through an empirical case study.We used mountain names extracted from OpenStreetMap in Japan as data because there were almost no other VGI in the vicinity.As a result,we isolated three trust indicators,namely versions,users,and tag corrections,to examine the thematic accuracy of VGI because these were the only statistically significant indicators.However,we found that the prediction rate of thematic accuracy was very low.To improve thematic accuracy,this study recommends using the most accurate versions,applying correctly given tags,and considering the motivations and characteristics of the VGI contributors.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42293270)。
文摘Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.
文摘This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),Grant No.2019QZKK0606.
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)has three main grassland types:alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and alpine desert steppe.In this study,we asked how plant productivity and species diversity vary with altitude,longitude and latitude in alpine grasslands of the QTP.We then identified the environmental factors that drive these observed patterns of plant productivity and species diversity.We found that although plant productivity and species diversity varied greatly across large-scale longitudinal and latitudinal gradients,these changes were strongest across the longitudinal gradient.This finding indicates that moisture rather than temperature has the greatest impact on plant productivity and species diversity of the alpine grasslands in the QTP.We also found that besides soil and climate factors,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO_(2))also has significant effects on plant productivity,and barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen(pO_(2))also have significant effects on species diversity.Furthermore,the relationship between the biomass of grassland-dominant species and species diversity was affected by the spatial scale at which these factors were studied.Our study provides new insights into the interconnections between plant productivity and species diversity and the major factors that influence alpine grasslands.It also provides a scientific basis for the maintenance of plant diversity and ecosystem functions in hypoxic(low-oxygen)regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42371315,41901213)the Humanities and Social Sciences General Research Program of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.23YJC790141)。
文摘Cropland abandonment has been a widespread phenomenon in mountainous areas due to the increasing number of natural disasters and the massive migration of rural labor in the process of rapid urbanization.Land transfer is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring food security and fostering rural revitalization.How to promote land transfer in mountainous areas remains a challenging but important task.Nevertheless,there is a dearth of research examining land transfers among farm households that specifically address mountainous regions,and the influence of grassroots governance and geographic location has not been thoroughly elucidated within this particular context.Based on 895household samples collected in Dabie Mountainous Area in China,this study employs binary and ordinal logistic regression models to provide a more comprehensive analysis on land transfers among rural households and the determinants,including the decision to transfer land,the existence of land transfer rents,the channel of land transfer,the duration of the transfer,the pre-transfer cultivation situation,and the level of satisfaction with the land transfer rent.The findings reveal that grassroots governance,geographic location,livelihood capital,and demographic factors significantly influence land transfers among rural households.Specifically,villagers'public participation positively affects land transfer participation(β=0.235,p<0.05),while the operation of village rules and regulations negatively impacts it(β=-0.296,p<0.05).Village cadre satisfaction positively influences both land transfer rent(β=0.274,p<0.05)and rent satisfaction(β=0.303,p<0.05).Improved civil relations in the village correlate with lower land transfer rent(β=-0.511,p<0.05),while a better social atmosphere is associated with higher satisfaction with transfer rent(β=0.575,p<0.01).Households at higher elevations tend to prefer government-mediated land transfers with longer durations.The distances to the township and county centers have contrasting effects on land transfer rent,but their impacts on participation in land transfer,choice of transfer channel,and duration are consistent.The study also found that different types of livelihood capital,as well as the demographic characteristics of households,significantly affect various aspects of land transfer.These empirical findings can inform policymaking to promote more efficient land transfers in mountainous region.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0107900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62222105)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2024A1515010235)the 2024 China Unicom Guangdong low-altitude communication and sensing key technology research and digital twin platform research and development project(No.20241890).
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm network consisting of a collection of micro UAVs can be used for many applications.It is well established that packet routing is a fundamental problem to achieve UAV collaboration.However,the highly dynamic nature of UAVs,frequently changing network topologies and security issues,poses significant challenges to packet forwarding in UAV networks.The existing topology-based routing protocols are not well suited in UAV network due to their high controlling overhead or excessive end-to-end delay.Geographic routing is regarded as a promising solution,as it only requires local information.In order to enhance the accuracy and security of geographic routing in highly dynamic UAV network,in this paper,we propose a new predictive geographic(PGeo)routing strategy with location verification.First,a detection mechanism is adopted to recognize malicious UAVs falsifying their location.Then,an accurate average service time of a packet in the medium access control(MAC)layer is derived to assist location prediction.The proposed delay model can provide a theoretical basis for future work,and our simulation results reveal that PGeo outstrips the existing geographic routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio in the presence of location spoofing behavior.
基金Supported by the Greenwald Family Research Fund,a Research to Prevent Blindness grant to the Department of Ophthalmology,University of Colorado,the Frederic C.Hamilton Macular Degeneration Center,Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center Research Fund,NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA(No.UL1 TR002535)in part by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health[No.R01EY032456(AML)].
文摘AIM:To determine the differences in levels of systemic C-reactive protein(CRP)in patients with geographic atrophy(GA)and sex-based differences in CRP levels.METHODS:Blood samples from patients with GA and controls were collected in a prospective age-related macular degeneration(AMD)registry from August 2014 to June 2021.AMD was confirmed using multimodal imaging and the Beckman and Consensus of Atrophy Meeting criteria for GA.High-sensitivity serum CRP levels were measured using an automated nephelometer.A non-parametric(rank-based)linear regression model was fit with an interaction between sex and GA.RESULTS:There were 97 GA patients and 139 controls,with females comprising 55%and 66%of each cohort,respectively.There is no difference in CRP between cases and controls,with a median(interquartile range)of 1.2(0.6-2.6)mg/L in GA patients versus 1.3(0.8–2.9)mg/L in controls(P=0.52).Although females had higher CRP levels compared to males in both the GA and control groups,this difference did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons.CONCLUSION:There is no significant difference in systemic CRP levels between GA cases and controls.
文摘Geography is a discipline that touches multiple sciences and has been key to bridging numerous fields of knowl edge.This gives geography the advantage of connecting natural(e.g.,biology,ecology,climatology,geomorphol ogy)with social and human(e.g.,education,demography,sociology)sciences.The spatialisation of information from different sciences allows us to understand distribution patterns and connections between different realities.Thus,geographical knowledge is essential for an integrated and consistent understanding of our world.The Sus tainable Development Goals(SDGs)established by the United Nations(UN)in 2015 were essential to unifying the world towards a common goal.To achieve these,17 goals and 169 targets were created,and knowledge from multiple sciences is needed to support them.It is a huge challenge,and different knowledge branches are needed to connect.Geography and geographical knowledge have this capacity and support all 17 goals and 169 targets.Although this is a reality,as it will be explained in this editorial,SDG’s achievement for some is becoming utopic and unrealistic due to our world’s differences.It is time to think about the post-2030 SDGs,in which geography and geographic knowledge will be essential unequivocally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72141304,72201190).
文摘The effects of geographic factors on information dissemination among investors have been extensively studied;however,the relationship between the geographical distance and stock price synchronization remains unclear.Grounded in information asymmetry theory,this study investigates the impact of geographical distance on stock price synchronization in the Chinese stock market.Using the data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges,we find that a greater geographical distance between mutual funds and firms considerably increases stock price synchronization,highlighting a strong positive relationship.Additional analysis show that firms in the regions with better external and internal governance,benefit more from reduced information asymmetry,than those in less regulated or transparent regions.These results have key implications for institutional investors and policymakers aiming to enhance information dissemination and market integration in China.
