To expand knowledge on microbial communities of various metal-rich levels of mine drainage environments in Anhui province, China, the archaeal and bacterial diversities were examined using a PCR-based cloning approach...To expand knowledge on microbial communities of various metal-rich levels of mine drainage environments in Anhui province, China, the archaeal and bacterial diversities were examined using a PCR-based cloning approach. Eight acid mine water samples were collected from five areas in Tongling. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bacteria mainly fell into ten divisions, which were Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Nitrospira, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi. Archaea fell into three phylogenetic divisions, Thermoplasma, Ferroplasma and Thermogymnomonas. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean（UPGMA） cluster analysis based on the microbial communities’ compositions revealed that five samples shared similarity with the dominance of Meiothermus and Thermomonas. Two samples had the preponderant existence of Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum. The remaining sample owned higher microbial communities’ diversity with the Shannon-Weaver H up to 2.91. Canonical correlation analysis（CCA） suggested that microbial community structures had great association with p H and the concentration of Hg2＋, Pb2＋, Fe3＋, Cl-, SO2- 4in water.展开更多
Eleven acid mine drainage （AMD） samples were obtained from southeast of China for the analysis of the microbial communities diversity, and the relationship with geochemical variables and spatial distance by using a ...Eleven acid mine drainage （AMD） samples were obtained from southeast of China for the analysis of the microbial communities diversity, and the relationship with geochemical variables and spatial distance by using a culture-independent 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis approach and multivariate analysis respectively. The principle component analysis （PCA） of geochemical variables shows that eleven AMDs can be clustered into two groups, relative high and low metal rich （RHMR and RLMR） AMDs. Total 1691 clone sequences are obtained and the detrended correspondence analysis （DCA） of operational taxonomic units （OTUs） shows that, ~,-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae are dominant species in RHMR AMDs. In contrast, a-Proteobacteria, fl-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteriodetes are dominant species in RLMR AMD. Results also show that high-abundance putative iron-oxidizing and only putative sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms are found in RHMR AMD. Multivariate analysis shows that both geochemical variables （r=0.429 3, P=-0.037 7） and spatial distance （r=0.321 3, P=-0.018 1） are significantly positively correlated with microbial community and pH, Mg, Fe, S, Cu and Ca are key geochemistry factors in shaping microbial community. Variance partitioning analysis shows that geochemical variables and spatial distance can explain most （92%） of the variation.展开更多
Despite coastal mudflats serving as essential ecological zones interconnecting terrestrial/freshwater and marine systems,little is known about the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in this area.In this stud...Despite coastal mudflats serving as essential ecological zones interconnecting terrestrial/freshwater and marine systems,little is known about the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in this area.In this study,characteristics of typical ARGs,involving both intracellular(iARGs)and extracellular ARGs(eARGs)at different physical states,were explored in over 1000 km of coastal mudflats in Eastern China.Results indicated the presence of iARGs and eARGs at states of both freely present or attached by particles.The abundance of eARGs was significantly higher than that of iARGs(87.3%vs 12.7%),and their dominance was more significant than those in other habitats(52.7%-76.3%).ARG abundance,especially for eARGs,showed an increasing trend(p<0.05)from southern(Nantong)to northern(Lianyungang)coastalmudflats.Higher salinity facilitated the transformation from iARGs to eARGs,and smaller soil particle size was conducive to the persistence of eARGs in northern coastal mudflats.This study addresses the neglected function of coastal mudflats as eARGs reservoirs.展开更多
Granite,a key archive for formation and evolution of continental crust,has a classification scheme that serves as the cornerstone for understanding its source nature,petrogenetic mechanism,and tectonic setting.By revi...Granite,a key archive for formation and evolution of continental crust,has a classification scheme that serves as the cornerstone for understanding its source nature,petrogenetic mechanism,and tectonic setting.By reviewing classic papers for granite classification,this paper presents a systematic evaluation of core advances in granite classification research.In general,granite classification schemes can be outlined into two major categories.One is the descriptive classifications,based on mineral assemblages,geochemical parameters,or stoichiometry;representative schemes include the felsic mineral paragenesis classification,the petrochemical triple-parameter classification,and the cation-parameter classification.The other is the interpretative classifications,aimed at revealing source nature,magma genesis,or tectonic environment;representative schemes include the Itype and S-type source classification as well as the tectonic classification.Each of these schemes has varying degrees of advantages and disadvantages,and a long-standing consensus remains challenging,primarily due to the following two problems:(1)the typically continuous compositional variation of granites,lacking clear boundaries.This is closely related to the complexity of magma source compositions and magmatic processes.Petrogenetic processes such as partial melting,fractional crystallization,restite entrainment,magma mixing,and assimilation can all lead to continuous compositional changes;(2)granites represent the minimum melt composition in silicate systems.Whether granites were derived from the fractional crystallization of mafic magmas or the partial melting of crustal sources,their compositions converge highly in the silica-rich end-member(SiO_(2)>70 wt.%).This makes it difficult to distinguish granites from different sources in this range,independent of tectonic setting.Although the“endless quest”for a unified granite classification scheme continues,this research journey has profoundly deepened our understanding of the source-genesis-tectonic linkages in granite petrogenesis,promoting the transition of granite petrology from“field nomenclature”through“tracing the source”to“decoding the process”.Therefore,future studies of granite classification require the integration of multi-scale parameters to weigh the variables between descriptive and interpretative aspects from the two key elements of source and process,providing sophisticated constraints on the causal relationships between granite petrogenesis and continental crust formation.It must be emphasized that the classification of granites is only the preliminary stage of their research,whereas understanding their petrogenesis is the ultimate goal.This necessitates the rational identification of source rocks with diverse properties and the comprehensive characterization of magma production and differentiation processes—specifically,the partial melting of source rocks and the fractional crystallization of felsic magmas,as well as the enrichment of melt-mobile incompatible elements during these processes.展开更多
基金Project(41171418)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To expand knowledge on microbial communities of various metal-rich levels of mine drainage environments in Anhui province, China, the archaeal and bacterial diversities were examined using a PCR-based cloning approach. Eight acid mine water samples were collected from five areas in Tongling. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bacteria mainly fell into ten divisions, which were Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Nitrospira, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi. Archaea fell into three phylogenetic divisions, Thermoplasma, Ferroplasma and Thermogymnomonas. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean（UPGMA） cluster analysis based on the microbial communities’ compositions revealed that five samples shared similarity with the dominance of Meiothermus and Thermomonas. Two samples had the preponderant existence of Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum. The remaining sample owned higher microbial communities’ diversity with the Shannon-Weaver H up to 2.91. Canonical correlation analysis（CCA） suggested that microbial community structures had great association with p H and the concentration of Hg2＋, Pb2＋, Fe3＋, Cl-, SO2- 4in water.
基金Project(2010CB630901) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50621063) supported by Creative Research Group of China+2 种基金Projects(51104189, 50321402, 50774102) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (1343-77341) supported by the Graduate Education Innovative Program of Central South University, ChinaProject(DOE-ER64125) supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science under the Environmental Remediation Science Program of USA
文摘Eleven acid mine drainage （AMD） samples were obtained from southeast of China for the analysis of the microbial communities diversity, and the relationship with geochemical variables and spatial distance by using a culture-independent 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis approach and multivariate analysis respectively. The principle component analysis （PCA） of geochemical variables shows that eleven AMDs can be clustered into two groups, relative high and low metal rich （RHMR and RLMR） AMDs. Total 1691 clone sequences are obtained and the detrended correspondence analysis （DCA） of operational taxonomic units （OTUs） shows that, ~,-Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae are dominant species in RHMR AMDs. In contrast, a-Proteobacteria, fl-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteriodetes are dominant species in RLMR AMD. Results also show that high-abundance putative iron-oxidizing and only putative sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms are found in RHMR AMD. Multivariate analysis shows that both geochemical variables （r=0.429 3, P=-0.037 7） and spatial distance （r=0.321 3, P=-0.018 1） are significantly positively correlated with microbial community and pH, Mg, Fe, S, Cu and Ca are key geochemistry factors in shaping microbial community. Variance partitioning analysis shows that geochemical variables and spatial distance can explain most （92%） of the variation.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177348)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201367)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701663).
文摘Despite coastal mudflats serving as essential ecological zones interconnecting terrestrial/freshwater and marine systems,little is known about the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in this area.In this study,characteristics of typical ARGs,involving both intracellular(iARGs)and extracellular ARGs(eARGs)at different physical states,were explored in over 1000 km of coastal mudflats in Eastern China.Results indicated the presence of iARGs and eARGs at states of both freely present or attached by particles.The abundance of eARGs was significantly higher than that of iARGs(87.3%vs 12.7%),and their dominance was more significant than those in other habitats(52.7%-76.3%).ARG abundance,especially for eARGs,showed an increasing trend(p<0.05)from southern(Nantong)to northern(Lianyungang)coastalmudflats.Higher salinity facilitated the transformation from iARGs to eARGs,and smaller soil particle size was conducive to the persistence of eARGs in northern coastal mudflats.This study addresses the neglected function of coastal mudflats as eARGs reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92155306,42373043)“100 Talents Project”of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Granite,a key archive for formation and evolution of continental crust,has a classification scheme that serves as the cornerstone for understanding its source nature,petrogenetic mechanism,and tectonic setting.By reviewing classic papers for granite classification,this paper presents a systematic evaluation of core advances in granite classification research.In general,granite classification schemes can be outlined into two major categories.One is the descriptive classifications,based on mineral assemblages,geochemical parameters,or stoichiometry;representative schemes include the felsic mineral paragenesis classification,the petrochemical triple-parameter classification,and the cation-parameter classification.The other is the interpretative classifications,aimed at revealing source nature,magma genesis,or tectonic environment;representative schemes include the Itype and S-type source classification as well as the tectonic classification.Each of these schemes has varying degrees of advantages and disadvantages,and a long-standing consensus remains challenging,primarily due to the following two problems:(1)the typically continuous compositional variation of granites,lacking clear boundaries.This is closely related to the complexity of magma source compositions and magmatic processes.Petrogenetic processes such as partial melting,fractional crystallization,restite entrainment,magma mixing,and assimilation can all lead to continuous compositional changes;(2)granites represent the minimum melt composition in silicate systems.Whether granites were derived from the fractional crystallization of mafic magmas or the partial melting of crustal sources,their compositions converge highly in the silica-rich end-member(SiO_(2)>70 wt.%).This makes it difficult to distinguish granites from different sources in this range,independent of tectonic setting.Although the“endless quest”for a unified granite classification scheme continues,this research journey has profoundly deepened our understanding of the source-genesis-tectonic linkages in granite petrogenesis,promoting the transition of granite petrology from“field nomenclature”through“tracing the source”to“decoding the process”.Therefore,future studies of granite classification require the integration of multi-scale parameters to weigh the variables between descriptive and interpretative aspects from the two key elements of source and process,providing sophisticated constraints on the causal relationships between granite petrogenesis and continental crust formation.It must be emphasized that the classification of granites is only the preliminary stage of their research,whereas understanding their petrogenesis is the ultimate goal.This necessitates the rational identification of source rocks with diverse properties and the comprehensive characterization of magma production and differentiation processes—specifically,the partial melting of source rocks and the fractional crystallization of felsic magmas,as well as the enrichment of melt-mobile incompatible elements during these processes.
