Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general contr...Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.展开更多
Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativ...Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.展开更多
Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with env...Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.展开更多
In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial...In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.展开更多
In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although ...In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often fa...In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.展开更多
With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comp...With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.展开更多
Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can p...Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can provide higher energy density.FeHCF has a poor charge/discharge platform stability at high voltages(FeC_(6)moiety),which is mainly affected by its coordination environment.In this research,Cu^(+)(six-coordinated),which is close to the ionic radius of Fe^(2+),was used for substitution,the FeC_(6)vacancies of FeHCF were reduced,and the coordination environment was optimized.The low Cu^(+)-substituted FeHCF(Cu^(+)0.625)has an optimal electrochemical performance at 8.5 mA/g with a reversible specific capacity of 142 mA h/g and FeC_(6)moiety contribution of more than 68 mA h/g,which is superior to that of unmodified and other Cu^(2+)-substituted FeHCFs.In situ tests demonstrate the reversible structural stability of the Cu^(+)0.625,supporting the stability of their high-voltage platform capacity.This Cu^(+)substitution strategy further enriches the approach to optimize the coordination environment of sodium-rich FeHCF.展开更多
Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available....Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their un...Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.展开更多
In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to...In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.展开更多
Cyclocarya paliurus, an economically valuable tree species, has traditionally been used as a nutraceutical food or medicine in China. However, limited information is available on its genotype selection and cultivation...Cyclocarya paliurus, an economically valuable tree species, has traditionally been used as a nutraceutical food or medicine in China. However, limited information is available on its genotype selection and cultivation under a wide range of environmental conditions for growth and targeted health-promoting substances. We studied the effects of genotype and environment, and their interaction on leaf triterpenoid content and tree growth for 12 genotypes of C. paliurus grown at four sites. We quantified the correlation between leaf triterpenoid accumulation and tree growth. The contents of cyclocaric acid B, cyclocarioside I, and arjunolic acid ranged from 0.06 to 3.89, 0 to 3.71, and 0.65 to 8.86 mg g^-1, respectively. Three individual triterpenoids were primarily influenced by genotype (variation ranged from 53.7 to 68.0%), while environment accounted for most of the variation in total triterpenoid content and tree growth (71.3–89.5%). Most tested environmental parameters were significantly correlated to total triterpenoid content, but not to the contents of the individual triterpenoids measured. Growth in tree height and diameter at breast height were significantly negatively correlated with total triterpenoid content but were non-significantly correlated with individual triterpenoid contents. We conclude that genotypic selection, manipulation of environmental conditions, and implementation of appropriate silvicultural operations would be important strategies for increasing the accumulation of health-promoting phytochemicals.展开更多
This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in ...This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, respectively.Bagani and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.展开更多
Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, communi...Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.展开更多
The tea crop provides income and employment to rural populations in many countries. In Kenya, tea, which is the leading export commodity crop, is grown in highlands east and west of the Rift Valley at altitudes rangin...The tea crop provides income and employment to rural populations in many countries. In Kenya, tea, which is the leading export commodity crop, is grown in highlands east and west of the Rift Valley at altitudes ranging from 1300 m to 2700 m above mean sea level. Variable responses of tea genotypes to different environments have been demonstrated. This affects the growth, productivity, and quality of tea. However, most tea husbandry practices are uniform across tea growing regions leading to variations in yields and quality in the different environments. Understanding causes of variations in tea growth parameters and yields to varying environments is vital to optimizing husbandry practices for maximization of productivity. The responses in growth and yield parameters of clonal tea to locations of production and their contribution to yields were compared. A genotype × environment trial was conducted in three sites (Kangaita, Timbilil and Kipkebe). At each site, a trial comprising 20 cultivars was laid in a randomized complete design replicated 3 times. Yields, yield components and climatic data were collected then subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) yield variations between clones and locations. Yields ranged from 5162 kg mt/ha on clone TRFK 303/577 at Kipkebe to 935 kg mt/ha/year on clone TRFK 7/3 in Kangaita, surpassing the maximum variation possible postulated in earlier studies. The responses of the tea yield components to weather parameters varied with genotypes and environments. Shoot growth rates in Timbilil (r = 0.476)) and shoot density (Kangaita (r = 0.652) significantly (p ≤ 0.05)) correlated with yields. Yield components and weather parameters contribution to the total yield also varied with locations. The variations demonstrated that not all yield components can be used universally as yield indicators for clonal selection in different locations. For optimal production, selected tea clones should therefore be tested before adoption for commercial planting in other locations.展开更多
Potato is one of the important crops grown in mid and high altitude areas of Ethiopia. Several potato genotypes have been introduced in different parts of this region. However, the stability and performance of these g...Potato is one of the important crops grown in mid and high altitude areas of Ethiopia. Several potato genotypes have been introduced in different parts of this region. However, the stability and performance of these genotypes are not yet assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction for tuber yield and identify stable potato genotypes. The study was conducted using eight potato genotypes in rainfed production season of years 2010 and 2011 at five potato growing locations in the region. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the experiment. Among the testing locations, the superior mean tuber yield (25.43 t/ha) was obtained at Adet while the inferior (13.89 t/ha) was at Injibara. Similarly, among the genotypes, CIP-396004.337 gave the highest mean tuber yield (25.66 t/ha), while CIP-395011.2 gave the lowest (17.78 t/ha). Combined ANOVA indicated that the main effects due to environments, genotypes and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant. The contribution of E, G and GEI to the total variation in tuber yield was about 47.11%, 8.83% and 44.07%, respectively. The GEI was further partitioned using GGE biplot model. The first two principal components obtained by singular value decomposition of the centered data of tuber yield explained 71.26% of the total variability caused by (G + GE). Out of these variations, PC1 and PC2 accounted 51.24% and 20.02% variability, respectively. GGE biplot view of this study identified Serinka as ideal testing location and CIP-396004.337 as ideal genotype for Amhara region in Ethiopia.展开更多
As one of the secondary metabolites,the isoflavones formed during the development of soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]seeds.The total and individual isoflavone contents,a typical quantitative trait,were affected by signif...As one of the secondary metabolites,the isoflavones formed during the development of soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]seeds.The total and individual isoflavone contents,a typical quantitative trait,were affected by significant genotypes of environments(GE)interaction and controlled by many genes with main or minor effects.In the present study,99 soybean cultivars,collected from northeastern China,were used to analyze the isoflavone performances.Genotype-genotype×environment(GGE)biplot software demonstrated an ability to provide information on genetic main effects than solely on phenotypic perform.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)system was used to extract and determine the isoflavone contents.The results indicated that most genotypes significantly varied among six tested environments.P40(Xiaolimoshidou)was the best-performed genotype with mean performance and stability for glycitein content across six different environments.P88(L-59Peking)was the super genotype with mean performance and stability on each tested environment for daidzein,genistein and the total isoflavone.E5(Gongzhuling in 2016)was the best environment for optimal environmental factor mining.P70(Charleston),P67(Baichengmoshidou)and P50(Jiunong 20)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for genistein.P70(Charleston),P67(Baichengmoshidou)and P14(Hefeng 25)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for daidzein.P40(Xiaolimoshidou),P45(Jinshanchamodou),P33(Dongnong 48)and P56(L-5)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for glycitein.P70(Charleston)and P67(Baichengmoshidou)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for the total isoflavone.GGE biplot was a rational method for stability and adaptation evaluation of soybean isoflavones,and could assist soybean breeder to select a good culture and a suitable tested site.It provided a scientific basis for the establishment of a breeding site and a selection site of soybean isoflavones.This study was valuable to identify genotypes with stable performances of isoflavones of these 99 cultivars for developing new cultivars.展开更多
A study of combining ability for improving rice cooking quality was carried out via genotype plus genotype x environment （GGE） biplot. Four restorer lines and three male sterile lines were used to obtain F1 in a lin...A study of combining ability for improving rice cooking quality was carried out via genotype plus genotype x environment （GGE） biplot. Four restorer lines and three male sterile lines were used to obtain F1 in a line x tester trial at the Rice Research Institute, Amol, Iran in 2009. GGE biplot analysis showed that Neda and IR56 were the best general combiners for amylose content （AC）, whereas Nemat and IR28 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） effects for gelatinization temperature （GT）, and IR58 and IR59 showed the highest GCA effects in terms of gel consistency （GC）. Meanwhile IR58 and IR59 showed large specific combining ability （SCA） effects for AC, while Neda and SA13 had high SCA effects for GT. Nemat and IR28 had large SCA effects for GC. Because intermediate levels ofAC, GT and GC are ideal, Nemat × IR59 was considered as the best possible cross. Based on these results, the GGE biplot showed good potential for identifying suitable parents, heterotic crosses and the best hybrids in line x tester data.展开更多
Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development ...Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development of cotton cultivars with higher N use efficiencies suitable for low-N conditions is therefore important for sustainable production. In this study, we evaluated 100 cotton genotypes in 2016 for N use efficiency and related traits at the seedling stage. Methods： Sand culture experiment was conducted with low N levels （0.01 g.kg i） or normal N levels （0.1 g.kg i）. We investigated plant height, SPAD value （soil plant analysis development chlorophyll meter）, dry weight, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency, and N uptake efficiency. Through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and heatmap clustering analysis, we confirmed the evaluation index system of N-efficient genotypes and the classification of N-efficient genotypes. Results： Significant differences were observed among N levels and genotypes for all agronomic traits and N levels. Coefficients of variation varied greatly and ranged from 6.7N28.8 and 7.4N20.8 under low-N and normal-N treatment, respectively. All traits showed highly significant positive correlations with each other, except SPAD value. The principal components under both N levels were similar, showing that total dry weight, aboveground dry weight, total N accumulation, and N uptake efficiency were important components. We confirmed these four traits as suitable screening indexes for low N tolerance. Based on the results of heatmap clustering and scatter diagram analysis of N efficiency value, 10 genotypes were found low-N tolerant, in which five varieties were inefficient under both low and normal N conditions, while four varieties were found efficient under low-N conditions but inefficient under normal-N conditions. Only one variety was efficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Meanwhile, 20 genotypes were identified as low-N sensitive ones, in which 19 genotypes were inefficient under low-N conditions but efficient under normal-N conditions, one variety was inefficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Conclusion： We preliminarily identified Kashi as a low-N tolerant and N-efficient cotton genotype, and CCRI 64 as a low- N sensitive and N-inefficient cotton genotype. Further studies should be carried out to verify the yield and heritability effect of specific genotypes in the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42171085)and the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1307801,2024YFF1307804).
文摘Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.
基金financial y supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University,China。
文摘Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.
基金Supported by Changsha Tobacco Company Science and Technology Project(2020-2024A04).
文摘Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.
基金National Social Science Fund of China(18KXS009)the Sichuan Provincial Soft Science Program(22JDR0261)the Sichuan University“From 0 to 1”Innovation Research Program(2021CXC10)。
文摘In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62306128the Leading Innovation Project of Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau underGrant CQ20230072+2 种基金the Basic Science Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education under Grant 23KJD520003the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provinceunder Grant 20240101382JCthe National KeyR esearch and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFF1105102.
文摘In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00235509Development of security monitoring technology based network behavior against encrypted cyber threats in ICT convergence environment).
文摘With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.
基金supported by the Key Talent Project of Gansu Province(2025RCXM017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261040)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Innovation Star Program of Gansu Province(2025CXZX-476)the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(22ZD6GA008)the Innovation Driven Assistance Engineering Project of Gansu Association for Science and Technology(GXH20250325-5).
文摘Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can provide higher energy density.FeHCF has a poor charge/discharge platform stability at high voltages(FeC_(6)moiety),which is mainly affected by its coordination environment.In this research,Cu^(+)(six-coordinated),which is close to the ionic radius of Fe^(2+),was used for substitution,the FeC_(6)vacancies of FeHCF were reduced,and the coordination environment was optimized.The low Cu^(+)-substituted FeHCF(Cu^(+)0.625)has an optimal electrochemical performance at 8.5 mA/g with a reversible specific capacity of 142 mA h/g and FeC_(6)moiety contribution of more than 68 mA h/g,which is superior to that of unmodified and other Cu^(2+)-substituted FeHCFs.In situ tests demonstrate the reversible structural stability of the Cu^(+)0.625,supporting the stability of their high-voltage platform capacity.This Cu^(+)substitution strategy further enriches the approach to optimize the coordination environment of sodium-rich FeHCF.
文摘Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No.2022TS13)the key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2019YFC0408503)the Key Research Program of Wuhan (No.2022022202015015)。
文摘Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.
基金supported by Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2019-0-01842,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(GIST))supported by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)(RS-2025-25448249+1 种基金Automotive Industry Technology Development(R&D)Program)supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)programthrough the(Gwangju RISE Center),funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gwangju Metropolitan City,Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-05-001).
文摘In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31470637)the Collaborative Innovation Plan of Jiangsu Higher Educationthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Cyclocarya paliurus, an economically valuable tree species, has traditionally been used as a nutraceutical food or medicine in China. However, limited information is available on its genotype selection and cultivation under a wide range of environmental conditions for growth and targeted health-promoting substances. We studied the effects of genotype and environment, and their interaction on leaf triterpenoid content and tree growth for 12 genotypes of C. paliurus grown at four sites. We quantified the correlation between leaf triterpenoid accumulation and tree growth. The contents of cyclocaric acid B, cyclocarioside I, and arjunolic acid ranged from 0.06 to 3.89, 0 to 3.71, and 0.65 to 8.86 mg g^-1, respectively. Three individual triterpenoids were primarily influenced by genotype (variation ranged from 53.7 to 68.0%), while environment accounted for most of the variation in total triterpenoid content and tree growth (71.3–89.5%). Most tested environmental parameters were significantly correlated to total triterpenoid content, but not to the contents of the individual triterpenoids measured. Growth in tree height and diameter at breast height were significantly negatively correlated with total triterpenoid content but were non-significantly correlated with individual triterpenoid contents. We conclude that genotypic selection, manipulation of environmental conditions, and implementation of appropriate silvicultural operations would be important strategies for increasing the accumulation of health-promoting phytochemicals.
基金supported by funds from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the TC Project (NAM5012): Developing High Yielding and Drought Tolerant Crops through Mutation Breeding) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry of Namibia
文摘This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, respectively.Bagani and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500706)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570427, 31770505)the China Scholarship Council (201606205032)
文摘Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.
文摘The tea crop provides income and employment to rural populations in many countries. In Kenya, tea, which is the leading export commodity crop, is grown in highlands east and west of the Rift Valley at altitudes ranging from 1300 m to 2700 m above mean sea level. Variable responses of tea genotypes to different environments have been demonstrated. This affects the growth, productivity, and quality of tea. However, most tea husbandry practices are uniform across tea growing regions leading to variations in yields and quality in the different environments. Understanding causes of variations in tea growth parameters and yields to varying environments is vital to optimizing husbandry practices for maximization of productivity. The responses in growth and yield parameters of clonal tea to locations of production and their contribution to yields were compared. A genotype × environment trial was conducted in three sites (Kangaita, Timbilil and Kipkebe). At each site, a trial comprising 20 cultivars was laid in a randomized complete design replicated 3 times. Yields, yield components and climatic data were collected then subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) yield variations between clones and locations. Yields ranged from 5162 kg mt/ha on clone TRFK 303/577 at Kipkebe to 935 kg mt/ha/year on clone TRFK 7/3 in Kangaita, surpassing the maximum variation possible postulated in earlier studies. The responses of the tea yield components to weather parameters varied with genotypes and environments. Shoot growth rates in Timbilil (r = 0.476)) and shoot density (Kangaita (r = 0.652) significantly (p ≤ 0.05)) correlated with yields. Yield components and weather parameters contribution to the total yield also varied with locations. The variations demonstrated that not all yield components can be used universally as yield indicators for clonal selection in different locations. For optimal production, selected tea clones should therefore be tested before adoption for commercial planting in other locations.
文摘Potato is one of the important crops grown in mid and high altitude areas of Ethiopia. Several potato genotypes have been introduced in different parts of this region. However, the stability and performance of these genotypes are not yet assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction for tuber yield and identify stable potato genotypes. The study was conducted using eight potato genotypes in rainfed production season of years 2010 and 2011 at five potato growing locations in the region. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used for the experiment. Among the testing locations, the superior mean tuber yield (25.43 t/ha) was obtained at Adet while the inferior (13.89 t/ha) was at Injibara. Similarly, among the genotypes, CIP-396004.337 gave the highest mean tuber yield (25.66 t/ha), while CIP-395011.2 gave the lowest (17.78 t/ha). Combined ANOVA indicated that the main effects due to environments, genotypes and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant. The contribution of E, G and GEI to the total variation in tuber yield was about 47.11%, 8.83% and 44.07%, respectively. The GEI was further partitioned using GGE biplot model. The first two principal components obtained by singular value decomposition of the centered data of tuber yield explained 71.26% of the total variability caused by (G + GE). Out of these variations, PC1 and PC2 accounted 51.24% and 20.02% variability, respectively. GGE biplot view of this study identified Serinka as ideal testing location and CIP-396004.337 as ideal genotype for Amhara region in Ethiopia.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Project(Topic JC2018007)
文摘As one of the secondary metabolites,the isoflavones formed during the development of soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]seeds.The total and individual isoflavone contents,a typical quantitative trait,were affected by significant genotypes of environments(GE)interaction and controlled by many genes with main or minor effects.In the present study,99 soybean cultivars,collected from northeastern China,were used to analyze the isoflavone performances.Genotype-genotype×environment(GGE)biplot software demonstrated an ability to provide information on genetic main effects than solely on phenotypic perform.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)system was used to extract and determine the isoflavone contents.The results indicated that most genotypes significantly varied among six tested environments.P40(Xiaolimoshidou)was the best-performed genotype with mean performance and stability for glycitein content across six different environments.P88(L-59Peking)was the super genotype with mean performance and stability on each tested environment for daidzein,genistein and the total isoflavone.E5(Gongzhuling in 2016)was the best environment for optimal environmental factor mining.P70(Charleston),P67(Baichengmoshidou)and P50(Jiunong 20)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for genistein.P70(Charleston),P67(Baichengmoshidou)and P14(Hefeng 25)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for daidzein.P40(Xiaolimoshidou),P45(Jinshanchamodou),P33(Dongnong 48)and P56(L-5)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for glycitein.P70(Charleston)and P67(Baichengmoshidou)were the optimal genotypes with the highest field among 99 cultivars on each tested environment for the total isoflavone.GGE biplot was a rational method for stability and adaptation evaluation of soybean isoflavones,and could assist soybean breeder to select a good culture and a suitable tested site.It provided a scientific basis for the establishment of a breeding site and a selection site of soybean isoflavones.This study was valuable to identify genotypes with stable performances of isoflavones of these 99 cultivars for developing new cultivars.
文摘A study of combining ability for improving rice cooking quality was carried out via genotype plus genotype x environment （GGE） biplot. Four restorer lines and three male sterile lines were used to obtain F1 in a line x tester trial at the Rice Research Institute, Amol, Iran in 2009. GGE biplot analysis showed that Neda and IR56 were the best general combiners for amylose content （AC）, whereas Nemat and IR28 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） effects for gelatinization temperature （GT）, and IR58 and IR59 showed the highest GCA effects in terms of gel consistency （GC）. Meanwhile IR58 and IR59 showed large specific combining ability （SCA） effects for AC, while Neda and SA13 had high SCA effects for GT. Nemat and IR28 had large SCA effects for GC. Because intermediate levels ofAC, GT and GC are ideal, Nemat × IR59 was considered as the best possible cross. Based on these results, the GGE biplot showed good potential for identifying suitable parents, heterotic crosses and the best hybrids in line x tester data.
基金National key R&D Plan(No.2017YFD0201900,2017YFD0101600)State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Fund(CB2016C14)
文摘Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development of cotton cultivars with higher N use efficiencies suitable for low-N conditions is therefore important for sustainable production. In this study, we evaluated 100 cotton genotypes in 2016 for N use efficiency and related traits at the seedling stage. Methods： Sand culture experiment was conducted with low N levels （0.01 g.kg i） or normal N levels （0.1 g.kg i）. We investigated plant height, SPAD value （soil plant analysis development chlorophyll meter）, dry weight, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency, and N uptake efficiency. Through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and heatmap clustering analysis, we confirmed the evaluation index system of N-efficient genotypes and the classification of N-efficient genotypes. Results： Significant differences were observed among N levels and genotypes for all agronomic traits and N levels. Coefficients of variation varied greatly and ranged from 6.7N28.8 and 7.4N20.8 under low-N and normal-N treatment, respectively. All traits showed highly significant positive correlations with each other, except SPAD value. The principal components under both N levels were similar, showing that total dry weight, aboveground dry weight, total N accumulation, and N uptake efficiency were important components. We confirmed these four traits as suitable screening indexes for low N tolerance. Based on the results of heatmap clustering and scatter diagram analysis of N efficiency value, 10 genotypes were found low-N tolerant, in which five varieties were inefficient under both low and normal N conditions, while four varieties were found efficient under low-N conditions but inefficient under normal-N conditions. Only one variety was efficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Meanwhile, 20 genotypes were identified as low-N sensitive ones, in which 19 genotypes were inefficient under low-N conditions but efficient under normal-N conditions, one variety was inefficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Conclusion： We preliminarily identified Kashi as a low-N tolerant and N-efficient cotton genotype, and CCRI 64 as a low- N sensitive and N-inefficient cotton genotype. Further studies should be carried out to verify the yield and heritability effect of specific genotypes in the field.
