The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions.Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissue...The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions.Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues.Therefore,new options must be considered for the treatment of patients,with the use of stem cells(SCs)being attractive.Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use:Cell therapy and tissue therapy,mainly through tissue engineering.The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review,with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue.Indeed,the accessibility,high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic,immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients.Finally,an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material,the self-assembly approach,will be presented.Despite advances,more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology.For the 21st century,cell and tissue therapies based on SCs are certainly the future of genitourinary regenerative medicine.展开更多
The presentation of a foreign body in the lower urinary tract is a challenging urological emergency with highly variable management approaches.A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to identify the patients who p...The presentation of a foreign body in the lower urinary tract is a challenging urological emergency with highly variable management approaches.A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to identify the patients who presented with selfinserted genitourethral foreign body to adult tertiary centers within our local health network(Southern Adelaide Local Health Network,Adelaide,Australia)from October 2002 to October 2022.Patient demographics,type of foreign body,psychiatric comorbidities,retrieval techniques,complications,and readmission data were extracted.Twenty-seven cases were identified with a median age of 44 years.Twenty-three(85.2%)were male and 4(14.8%)were female.Ten patients(37.0%)had a concurrent psychiatric illness.The most commonly inserted foreign bodies were plastic tubes/wires(29.6%).Twenty cases(74.1%)were retrieved endoscopically.Three patients(11.1%)required open cystotomy and one underwent a transperineal urethrotomy.Four patients(14.8%)represented after discharge.Two patients had repeat presentations for genitourinary foreign body insertion.A significant monotonic positive trend of foreign body presentations was identified(Mann–Kendall tau=0.95,P=0.043).Presentations of genitourethral foreign body insertions have trended upward over the past two decades.However,most cases were successfully managed endoscopically.展开更多
Ig G4-related autoimmune pancreatitis is frequently accompanied by relevant lesions in the genitourinary tract and retroperitoneal organs, which cause various clinical problems, ranging from non-specific back pain or ...Ig G4-related autoimmune pancreatitis is frequently accompanied by relevant lesions in the genitourinary tract and retroperitoneal organs, which cause various clinical problems, ranging from non-specific back pain or bladder outlet obstruction to renal failure. The diagnosis of Ig G4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, including serological tests, histological examination, imaging analysis, and susceptibility to steroid therapy. Radiological examinations are helpful to diagnose this condition, but surgical resection is occasionally unavoidable to exclude malignancy, particularly for patients with isolated retroperitoneal involvement. Steroid therapy is the treatment of choice for this condition, the same as for other manifestationsof Ig G4-related disease.For patients with severe ureteral obstruction,additional ureteral stenting needs to be considered prior to steroid therapy to preserve the renal function.Some papers have suggested that Ig G4-related disease can affect male reproductive organs including the prostate and testis.Ig G4-related prostatitis usually causes lower urinary tract symptoms,such as dysuria and pollakisuria.Patients sometimes state that corticosteroids given for Ig G4-related disease at other sites relieve their lower urinary tract symptoms,which leads us to suspect prostatic involvement in this condition.Because of the limited number of publications available,further studies are warranted to better characterize Ig G4-related disease in male reproductive organs.展开更多
Altered bowel flora is currently thought to play a role in a variety of disease conditions, and the use of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics has been demonstrated to be health-promoting, even i...Altered bowel flora is currently thought to play a role in a variety of disease conditions, and the use of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics has been demonstrated to be health-promoting, even if the success of their administration depends on the applied bacterial strain（s） and the targeted disease. In the last few decades, specific probiotics have been shown to be effective in the treatment or the prevention of acute viral gastroenteritis, pediatric post-antibiotic-associated diarrhea, some pediatric allergic disorders, necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, inflammatory bowel diseases and postsurgical pouchitis. The potential application of probiotics is continuously widening, with new evidence accumulating to support their effect on the prevention and treatment of other disease conditions, including several oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral malodor, as well as genitourinary and wound infections. Considering the increasingly widespread ability of pathogens to generate persistent biofilm-related infections, an even more attractive proposal is to administer probiotics to prevent or counteract biofilm development.The response of biofilm-based oral, intestinal, vaginal and wound infections to probiotics treatment will be reviewed here in light of the most recent results obtained in this field.展开更多
Engineered functional organs or tissues,created with autologous somatic cells and seeded on biodegradable or hydrogel scaffolds,have been developed for use in individualswith tissue damage suffered fromcongenital diso...Engineered functional organs or tissues,created with autologous somatic cells and seeded on biodegradable or hydrogel scaffolds,have been developed for use in individualswith tissue damage suffered fromcongenital disorders,infection,irradiation,or cancer.However,in those patients,abnormal cells obtained by biopsy fromthe compromised tissue could potentially contaminate the engineered tissues.Thus,an alternative cell source for construction of the neo-organ or functional recovery of the injured or diseased tissues would be useful.Recently,we have found stem cells existing in the urine.These cells are highly expandable,and have self-renewal capacity,paracrine properties,and multi-differentiation potential.As a novel cell source,urine-derived stem cells(USCs)provide advantages for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications in regeneration of various tissues,particularly in the genitourinary tract,because they originate from the urinary tract system.Importantly,USCs can be obtained via a non-invasive,simple,and low-cost approach and induced with high efficiency to differentiate into three dermal cell lineages.展开更多
基金Supported by the‘Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé(FRQS)(C.C.)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(to S.B.as PI and J.F.as co-PI),No.258229the Quebec Cell,Tissue and Gene Therapy Network-ThéCell(a thematic network supported by the FRQS).
文摘The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions.Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues.Therefore,new options must be considered for the treatment of patients,with the use of stem cells(SCs)being attractive.Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use:Cell therapy and tissue therapy,mainly through tissue engineering.The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review,with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue.Indeed,the accessibility,high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic,immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients.Finally,an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material,the self-assembly approach,will be presented.Despite advances,more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology.For the 21st century,cell and tissue therapies based on SCs are certainly the future of genitourinary regenerative medicine.
文摘The presentation of a foreign body in the lower urinary tract is a challenging urological emergency with highly variable management approaches.A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to identify the patients who presented with selfinserted genitourethral foreign body to adult tertiary centers within our local health network(Southern Adelaide Local Health Network,Adelaide,Australia)from October 2002 to October 2022.Patient demographics,type of foreign body,psychiatric comorbidities,retrieval techniques,complications,and readmission data were extracted.Twenty-seven cases were identified with a median age of 44 years.Twenty-three(85.2%)were male and 4(14.8%)were female.Ten patients(37.0%)had a concurrent psychiatric illness.The most commonly inserted foreign bodies were plastic tubes/wires(29.6%).Twenty cases(74.1%)were retrieved endoscopically.Three patients(11.1%)required open cystotomy and one underwent a transperineal urethrotomy.Four patients(14.8%)represented after discharge.Two patients had repeat presentations for genitourinary foreign body insertion.A significant monotonic positive trend of foreign body presentations was identified(Mann–Kendall tau=0.95,P=0.043).Presentations of genitourethral foreign body insertions have trended upward over the past two decades.However,most cases were successfully managed endoscopically.
文摘Ig G4-related autoimmune pancreatitis is frequently accompanied by relevant lesions in the genitourinary tract and retroperitoneal organs, which cause various clinical problems, ranging from non-specific back pain or bladder outlet obstruction to renal failure. The diagnosis of Ig G4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, including serological tests, histological examination, imaging analysis, and susceptibility to steroid therapy. Radiological examinations are helpful to diagnose this condition, but surgical resection is occasionally unavoidable to exclude malignancy, particularly for patients with isolated retroperitoneal involvement. Steroid therapy is the treatment of choice for this condition, the same as for other manifestationsof Ig G4-related disease.For patients with severe ureteral obstruction,additional ureteral stenting needs to be considered prior to steroid therapy to preserve the renal function.Some papers have suggested that Ig G4-related disease can affect male reproductive organs including the prostate and testis.Ig G4-related prostatitis usually causes lower urinary tract symptoms,such as dysuria and pollakisuria.Patients sometimes state that corticosteroids given for Ig G4-related disease at other sites relieve their lower urinary tract symptoms,which leads us to suspect prostatic involvement in this condition.Because of the limited number of publications available,further studies are warranted to better characterize Ig G4-related disease in male reproductive organs.
文摘Altered bowel flora is currently thought to play a role in a variety of disease conditions, and the use of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics has been demonstrated to be health-promoting, even if the success of their administration depends on the applied bacterial strain（s） and the targeted disease. In the last few decades, specific probiotics have been shown to be effective in the treatment or the prevention of acute viral gastroenteritis, pediatric post-antibiotic-associated diarrhea, some pediatric allergic disorders, necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, inflammatory bowel diseases and postsurgical pouchitis. The potential application of probiotics is continuously widening, with new evidence accumulating to support their effect on the prevention and treatment of other disease conditions, including several oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral malodor, as well as genitourinary and wound infections. Considering the increasingly widespread ability of pathogens to generate persistent biofilm-related infections, an even more attractive proposal is to administer probiotics to prevent or counteract biofilm development.The response of biofilm-based oral, intestinal, vaginal and wound infections to probiotics treatment will be reviewed here in light of the most recent results obtained in this field.
基金The authors acknowledge funding support from NIH grant U01CA166886(X.Zhou)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81100415)and(No.81371704)+1 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of Committee of Science and Technology(No.CSTC,2010BB5377)Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education(No.20115503120009).
文摘Engineered functional organs or tissues,created with autologous somatic cells and seeded on biodegradable or hydrogel scaffolds,have been developed for use in individualswith tissue damage suffered fromcongenital disorders,infection,irradiation,or cancer.However,in those patients,abnormal cells obtained by biopsy fromthe compromised tissue could potentially contaminate the engineered tissues.Thus,an alternative cell source for construction of the neo-organ or functional recovery of the injured or diseased tissues would be useful.Recently,we have found stem cells existing in the urine.These cells are highly expandable,and have self-renewal capacity,paracrine properties,and multi-differentiation potential.As a novel cell source,urine-derived stem cells(USCs)provide advantages for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications in regeneration of various tissues,particularly in the genitourinary tract,because they originate from the urinary tract system.Importantly,USCs can be obtained via a non-invasive,simple,and low-cost approach and induced with high efficiency to differentiate into three dermal cell lineages.
