Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion...Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.展开更多
The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are imm...The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.展开更多
Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters...Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters for species with range-wide genetic structure.To investigate the extent of spatially biased sampling in living collections and the coverage of wild genetic clusters in plant populations under ex situ conservation worldwide,we combined a global synthesis of ex situ conservation efforts with a case study of an endangered riparian plant species,Myricaria laxiflora.Our analysis of ex situ conservation worldwide revealed that the majority(82.6%)of ex situ populations fail to cover all wild genetic clusters,largely due to spatially biased sampling with low geographic coverage.Our case study of M.laxiflora showed that genetic diversity differed between the ex situ and upstream populations,while it was comparable between ex situ populations and other wild populations.However,current ex situ populations did not cover all wild genetic clusters,as the upstream genetic cluster was previously uncollected.Our study suggests that the failure to cover all wild genetic clusters in ex situ populations is a widespread issue,and ex situ populations with high genetic diversity can also fail to cover all wild genetic clusters.In future ex situ conservation programs,both the importance of high genetic diversity and the high coverage of wild genetic clusters should be prioritized.展开更多
In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces t...In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces to single-genotype varieties led to immediate gains in yield and quality,and over the past century,single-genotype crops have been highly successful.Nonetheless,several studies suggest that variety mixtures(i.e.,two or more consciously selected genotypes of the same crop grown together)may offer advantages over single-genotype varieties(Borg et al.,2018;Kopp et al.,2023).展开更多
When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can off...When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can offer crucial diagnostic evidence, aiding in prognosis assessment and the adoption of appropriate treatment strategies.展开更多
Varicocele(VC)is widely recognized as a prevalent and clinically significant cause of male infertility.However,the comprehensive pathogenic mechanisms underlying VC development and progression remain incompletely unde...Varicocele(VC)is widely recognized as a prevalent and clinically significant cause of male infertility.However,the comprehensive pathogenic mechanisms underlying VC development and progression remain incompletely understood,creating an important knowledge gap in the field of andrology.This review establishes that VC pathogenesis centers on abnormal vascular remodeling and integrates multiple contributing elements,including anatomical abnormalities,biochemical disturbances,genetic factors,low body mass index(BMI),age,and specific sports habits,while secondary varicoceles are primarily induced by compressive pathologies.Through a systematic synthesis of current evidence and recent advances,this review aims to elucidate the complex pathogenic network of VC and provide valuable insights to guide future research directions and inform the development of targeted clinical applications.展开更多
Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we develop...Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we developed a bacterial type-II toxin-antitoxin-mediated method to manipulate genomic integration of tandem gene repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and further visualised the evolutionary trajectories of gene repeats.We designed a tri-vector system to introduce toxin-antitoxin-driven gene amplification modules.Results:This system delivered multi-copy gene integration in the form of tandem gene repeats spontaneously and independently from toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Inducing the toxin(RelE)expressing via a copper(II)-inducible CUP1 promoter successfully drove the in-situ gene amplification of the antitoxin(RelB)module,resulting in~40 copies of a green fluorescence reporter gene per copy of genome.Copy-number changes,copy-number increase and copy-number decrease,and stable maintenance were visualised using the green fluorescence protein and blue chromoprotein AeBlue as reporters.Copy-number increases happened spontaneously and independent on a selection pressure.Increased copy number was quickly enriched through toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Conclusion:In summary,the bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems provide a flexible mechanism to manipulate gene copy number in eukaryotic cells and can be exploited for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.展开更多
Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due t...Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.展开更多
Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequ...Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of 707 individuals from a full-sib family to develop comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and constructed a high-density genetic linkage map of 19 linkage groups.The total genetic length of the map reached 3623.65 cM with an average marker interval of 0.34 cM.By integrating multidimensional phenotypic data,89 quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with growth,wood physical and chemical properties,disease resistance,and leaf morphology traits were identified,with logarithm of odds(LOD)scores ranging from 3.13 to 21.72 Notably,pleiotropic analysis revealed significant colocaliza and phenotypic variance explained between 1.7% and 11.6%.-tion hotspots on chromosomes LG1,LG5,LG6,LG8,and LG14,with epistatic interaction network analysis confirming genetic basis of coordinated regulation across multiple traits.Functional annotation of 207 candidate genes showed that R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors and pyruvate kinase-encoding genes were significantly enriched,suggesting crucial roles in lignin biosynthesis and carbon metabolic pathways.Allelic effect analysis indicated that the frequency of favorable alleles associated with target traits ranged from 0.20 to 0.55.Incorporation of QTL-derived favorable alleles as random effects into Bayesian-based genomic selection models led to an increase in prediction accuracy ranging from 1% to 21%,with Bayesian ridge regression as the best predictive model.This study provides valuable genomic resources and genetic insights for deciphering complex trait architecture and advancing molecular breeding in poplar.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to th...BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.展开更多
As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a ...As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.展开更多
Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodg...Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodging-resistant semi-dwarf varieties,but required more nitrogen fertilizers,posing an environmental threat.Genes that can improve nitrogen use efficiency need to be integrated into semi-dwarf varieties to avoid the overuse of fertilizers without the loss of dwarfism.Unlike cereal crops,soybean can assimilate atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria.Here,we created new alleles of Gm GID1-2(Glycine max GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1-2)using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)editing,which improved soybean architecture,yield,seed oil content,and nitrogen fixation,by regulation of important pathways and known genes related to branching,lipid metabolism,and nodule symbiosis.Gm GID1-2 knockout reduced plant height,and increased stem diameter and strength,number of branches,nodes on the primary stem,pods,and seeds per plant,leading to an increase in seed weight per plant and yield in soybean.The nodule number,nodule weight,nitrogenase activity,and nitrogen content were also improved in Gm GID1-2knockout soybean lines,which is novel compared with the semi-dwarf genes in cereal crops.No loss-of-function allele for Gm GID1-2 was identified in soybean germplasm and the edited Gm GID1-2s are superior to the natural alleles,suggesting the Gm GID1-2 knockout mutants generated in this study are valuable genetic resources to further improve soybean yield and seed oil content in future breeding programs.This study illustrates the pleiotropic functions of the GID1 knockout alleles with positive effects on plant architecture,yield,and nitrogen fixation in soybean,which provides a promising strategy toward sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Dissecting quantitative traits into Mendelian factors is a great challenge in genetics.Apple fruit storability is a complex trait controlled by multi-genes with unequal effects.We previously identified62 quantitative ...Dissecting quantitative traits into Mendelian factors is a great challenge in genetics.Apple fruit storability is a complex trait controlled by multi-genes with unequal effects.We previously identified62 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with apple fruit storability and genomics-assisted prediction(GAP)models were trained using 56 QTLbased markers.Here,three candidate genes,Md NAC83,Md BPM2,and Md RGLG3,were screened from the regions of QTLs with large G'value and large genetic effects.Both a 216-bp deletion and an SNP934 T/C at the promoter of Md NAC83 were associated with higher Md NAC83expression but an SNP388 G/A at the coding region significantly reduced the activity to activate the expression of the target genes Md ACO1,Md MANA3,and Md XTH28.Md BPM2 and Md RGLG3 participated in the ubiquitination of Md NAC83.SNP657 T/A of Md BPM2 and SNP167C/G of Md RGLG3 caused a reduction in the activity to ubiquitinate Md NAC83.By the addition of functional markers to the Geno Baits SNP array,the prediction accuracy of the updated GAP models increased to 0.7723/0.6231 and 0.5639/0.5345 for flesh firmness/crispness at harvest and flesh firmness/crispness retainability,respectively.The variation network involving eight simple Mendelian variations in six genes helps to gain insight into the molecular quantitative genetics,to improve breeding strategy,and to provide targets for future genome editing.展开更多
Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identificati...Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.展开更多
Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focu...Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.展开更多
The Intrusion Detection System(IDS)is a security mechanism developed to observe network traffic and recognize suspicious or malicious activities.Clustering algorithms are often incorporated into IDS;however,convention...The Intrusion Detection System(IDS)is a security mechanism developed to observe network traffic and recognize suspicious or malicious activities.Clustering algorithms are often incorporated into IDS;however,conventional clustering-based methods face notable drawbacks,including poor scalability in handling high-dimensional datasets and a strong dependence of outcomes on initial conditions.To overcome the performance limitations of existing methods,this study proposes a novel quantum-inspired clustering algorithm that relies on a similarity coefficient-based quantum genetic algorithm(SC-QGA)and an improved quantum artificial bee colony algorithm hybrid K-means(IQABC-K).First,the SC-QGA algorithmis constructed based on quantum computing and integrates similarity coefficient theory to strengthen genetic diversity and feature extraction capabilities.For the subsequent clustering phase,the process based on the IQABC-K algorithm is enhanced with the core improvement of adaptive rotation gate and movement exploitation strategies to balance the exploration capabilities of global search and the exploitation capabilities of local search.Simultaneously,the acceleration of convergence toward the global optimum and a reduction in computational complexity are facilitated by means of the global optimum bootstrap strategy and a linear population reduction strategy.Through experimental evaluation with multiple algorithms and diverse performance metrics,the proposed algorithm confirms reliable accuracy on three datasets:KDD CUP99,NSL_KDD,and UNSW_NB15,achieving accuracy of 98.57%,98.81%,and 98.32%,respectively.These results affirm its potential as an effective solution for practical clustering applications.展开更多
Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that se...Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.展开更多
Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)is a heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorder of B-cell origin and represents one of the most common malignancies in children and young adults.In addition to well-known underlying factors-such as ...Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)is a heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorder of B-cell origin and represents one of the most common malignancies in children and young adults.In addition to well-known underlying factors-such as Epstein-Barr virus infection-the familial aggregation demonstrated in large population studies suggested a genetic predisposition.First-degree relatives of patients with HL have an approximately threefold increased risk of developing the disease compared to the general population.These observations have recently prompted several whole-genome studies in affected families,identifying variants possibly implicated in lymphomagenesis,including alterations in DICER1(a member of the ribonuclease III family),POT1(protection of telomeres 1),KDR(kinase insert domain receptor),KLHDC8B(kelch domain-containing protein 8B),PAX5(paired box protein 5),GATA3(GATA binding protein 3),IRF7(interferon regulatory factor 7),EEF2KMT(eukaryotic elongation factor 2 lysine methyltransferase),and POLR1E(RNA polymerase I subunit E).In this article,we review current insights into the etiopathogenesis and risks of familial HL,and present case reports involving two sisters diagnosed with HL nearly 17 years apart.Recognizing the risk for first-degree relatives may potentially increase awareness of early symptoms among family members of HL patients,leading to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.Conversely,understanding that the hereditary risk,though higher than in the general population,remains relatively low may provide reassurance for affected families.展开更多
The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of famil...The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an Asian population.This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinic-based cohort of patients from the Chinese mainland.Enrollment of 302 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families from 28 provinces was undertaken from January 2008 to September 2023.A group-based trajectory model for disease progression based on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)scores was validated using bootstrap internal validation in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(matched at a 1:4 ratio,with replacement).DNA samples from 244 index patients were screened for variants in the pathogenic genes SOD1,FUS,TDP43,and C9ORF72,of which 146 were also subjected to genome-wide next-generation sequencing.Gene-level burden analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of rare variants in the cohort.We found that rapid dynamic disease progression was associated with an older age at onset,shorter diagnostic delay,lower body mass index,bulbar onset,and≥1 affected first-degree relative.Certain attributes,such as age at onset and time from onset to diagnosis,had comparable impacts on the clinical progression trajectories of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Harboring pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causative genes reduced the age of onset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Among the patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,17.8%possessed≥2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants.Sequencing kernel association test analysis showed that the SOD1 rare variant burden(P=1.3e-15)was associated with a significant risk of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Our findings conclusively confirmed the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinical cohort from China,contributing to a deeper understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This comprehensive evaluation of specific clinical characteristics,clinical prognosis,and genetic variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on detailed clinical and genetic information may lead to the development of genotype-specific treatment approaches.展开更多
文摘Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.
文摘The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1307400)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Three Gorges Innovation Development Joint Fund(Grant No.2023AFD195)China Three Gorges Corporation(NBZZ202300130).
文摘Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters for species with range-wide genetic structure.To investigate the extent of spatially biased sampling in living collections and the coverage of wild genetic clusters in plant populations under ex situ conservation worldwide,we combined a global synthesis of ex situ conservation efforts with a case study of an endangered riparian plant species,Myricaria laxiflora.Our analysis of ex situ conservation worldwide revealed that the majority(82.6%)of ex situ populations fail to cover all wild genetic clusters,largely due to spatially biased sampling with low geographic coverage.Our case study of M.laxiflora showed that genetic diversity differed between the ex situ and upstream populations,while it was comparable between ex situ populations and other wild populations.However,current ex situ populations did not cover all wild genetic clusters,as the upstream genetic cluster was previously uncollected.Our study suggests that the failure to cover all wild genetic clusters in ex situ populations is a widespread issue,and ex situ populations with high genetic diversity can also fail to cover all wild genetic clusters.In future ex situ conservation programs,both the importance of high genetic diversity and the high coverage of wild genetic clusters should be prioritized.
基金supported by the FACCE-JPI SusCrop project RECOBAR,funded by MASAF(D.M.no.142548)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the Emmy Noether Programme(project no.442020478).
文摘In self-pollinating cereals such as rice,wheat,and barley,growing undefined mixtures of genotypes in genetic equilibrium was once standard practice when local populations(landraces)were used.The shift from landraces to single-genotype varieties led to immediate gains in yield and quality,and over the past century,single-genotype crops have been highly successful.Nonetheless,several studies suggest that variety mixtures(i.e.,two or more consciously selected genotypes of the same crop grown together)may offer advantages over single-genotype varieties(Borg et al.,2018;Kopp et al.,2023).
基金Military Healthcare Special Scientific Research Project(25BJZ31, awarded to SHI XM)。
文摘When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can offer crucial diagnostic evidence, aiding in prognosis assessment and the adoption of appropriate treatment strategies.
基金funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Number:2025M773939)NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:82205131)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant Number:2025ZNSFSC1798).
文摘Varicocele(VC)is widely recognized as a prevalent and clinically significant cause of male infertility.However,the comprehensive pathogenic mechanisms underlying VC development and progression remain incompletely understood,creating an important knowledge gap in the field of andrology.This review establishes that VC pathogenesis centers on abnormal vascular remodeling and integrates multiple contributing elements,including anatomical abnormalities,biochemical disturbances,genetic factors,low body mass index(BMI),age,and specific sports habits,while secondary varicoceles are primarily induced by compressive pathologies.Through a systematic synthesis of current evidence and recent advances,this review aims to elucidate the complex pathogenic network of VC and provide valuable insights to guide future research directions and inform the development of targeted clinical applications.
基金supported partially by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence funding scheme(project CE200100029)。
文摘Background:Tandem gene repeats naturally occur as important genomic features and determine many traits in living organisms,like human diseases and microbial productivities of target bioproducts.Methods:Here,we developed a bacterial type-II toxin-antitoxin-mediated method to manipulate genomic integration of tandem gene repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and further visualised the evolutionary trajectories of gene repeats.We designed a tri-vector system to introduce toxin-antitoxin-driven gene amplification modules.Results:This system delivered multi-copy gene integration in the form of tandem gene repeats spontaneously and independently from toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Inducing the toxin(RelE)expressing via a copper(II)-inducible CUP1 promoter successfully drove the in-situ gene amplification of the antitoxin(RelB)module,resulting in~40 copies of a green fluorescence reporter gene per copy of genome.Copy-number changes,copy-number increase and copy-number decrease,and stable maintenance were visualised using the green fluorescence protein and blue chromoprotein AeBlue as reporters.Copy-number increases happened spontaneously and independent on a selection pressure.Increased copy number was quickly enriched through toxin-antitoxin-mediated selection.Conclusion:In summary,the bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems provide a flexible mechanism to manipulate gene copy number in eukaryotic cells and can be exploited for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272111)+4 种基金Special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities(SWU-XJPY202306)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2024NSCQLZX0012)Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-12)Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(COMAITS202504)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008).We sincerely appreciate the Plant Editors team for English language editing of the manuscript,which significantly improved its clarity and overall quality.
文摘Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFD2200202)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2021366).
文摘Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of 707 individuals from a full-sib family to develop comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and constructed a high-density genetic linkage map of 19 linkage groups.The total genetic length of the map reached 3623.65 cM with an average marker interval of 0.34 cM.By integrating multidimensional phenotypic data,89 quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with growth,wood physical and chemical properties,disease resistance,and leaf morphology traits were identified,with logarithm of odds(LOD)scores ranging from 3.13 to 21.72 Notably,pleiotropic analysis revealed significant colocaliza and phenotypic variance explained between 1.7% and 11.6%.-tion hotspots on chromosomes LG1,LG5,LG6,LG8,and LG14,with epistatic interaction network analysis confirming genetic basis of coordinated regulation across multiple traits.Functional annotation of 207 candidate genes showed that R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors and pyruvate kinase-encoding genes were significantly enriched,suggesting crucial roles in lignin biosynthesis and carbon metabolic pathways.Allelic effect analysis indicated that the frequency of favorable alleles associated with target traits ranged from 0.20 to 0.55.Incorporation of QTL-derived favorable alleles as random effects into Bayesian-based genomic selection models led to an increase in prediction accuracy ranging from 1% to 21%,with Bayesian ridge regression as the best predictive model.This study provides valuable genomic resources and genetic insights for deciphering complex trait architecture and advancing molecular breeding in poplar.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000600)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272084,32372089,and 31971887).
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
基金Supported by the Research Grants of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office,No.K125377,No.K134863 and No.K143549New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities,No.UNKP-20-5-SZTE-161,No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-233,No.UNKP-23-5-SZTE-719,No.UNKP-22-4-SZTE-296 and No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-278+1 种基金Janos Bolyai Research Grant,No.BO/00723/22the Géza Hetényi Research Grant by Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School,University of Szeged.
文摘BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2024AFB917).
文摘As sessile organisms,plants must adapt various stresses.Accordingly,they have evolved several plant-specific growth and developmental processes.WRKY53 is a member of the WRKY transcription factor family,which plays a crucial role in rice growth and development,stress response,and hormone signal transduction.This review discusses the role of WRKY53 in stress response,focusing on its functions in cold tolerance,salt tolerance,disease resistance,and pest defense,and explores its role in regulating rice leaf senescence and seed germination.This article also proposes future research directions,including functional genomics studies,protein interaction network analyses,hormone signal transduction pathways,genetic improvement strategies,applications of gene editing technologies,molecular basis of stress responses,cross-species functional conservation,and bioinformatics and comparative genomics research.This review highlights the importance of WRKY53 in rice biology and provides new perspectives and strategies for future research and genetic improvement of rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372192)the Core Technology Development for Breeding Program of Jiangsu Province(JBGS-2021-014)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Soybean Biotechnology and Intelligent Breeding(BM2024005)。
文摘Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodging-resistant semi-dwarf varieties,but required more nitrogen fertilizers,posing an environmental threat.Genes that can improve nitrogen use efficiency need to be integrated into semi-dwarf varieties to avoid the overuse of fertilizers without the loss of dwarfism.Unlike cereal crops,soybean can assimilate atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria.Here,we created new alleles of Gm GID1-2(Glycine max GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1-2)using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)editing,which improved soybean architecture,yield,seed oil content,and nitrogen fixation,by regulation of important pathways and known genes related to branching,lipid metabolism,and nodule symbiosis.Gm GID1-2 knockout reduced plant height,and increased stem diameter and strength,number of branches,nodes on the primary stem,pods,and seeds per plant,leading to an increase in seed weight per plant and yield in soybean.The nodule number,nodule weight,nitrogenase activity,and nitrogen content were also improved in Gm GID1-2knockout soybean lines,which is novel compared with the semi-dwarf genes in cereal crops.No loss-of-function allele for Gm GID1-2 was identified in soybean germplasm and the edited Gm GID1-2s are superior to the natural alleles,suggesting the Gm GID1-2 knockout mutants generated in this study are valuable genetic resources to further improve soybean yield and seed oil content in future breeding programs.This study illustrates the pleiotropic functions of the GID1 knockout alleles with positive effects on plant architecture,yield,and nitrogen fixation in soybean,which provides a promising strategy toward sustainable agriculture.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202431)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200503)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713408)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-27the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei(21326308D)。
文摘Dissecting quantitative traits into Mendelian factors is a great challenge in genetics.Apple fruit storability is a complex trait controlled by multi-genes with unequal effects.We previously identified62 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with apple fruit storability and genomics-assisted prediction(GAP)models were trained using 56 QTLbased markers.Here,three candidate genes,Md NAC83,Md BPM2,and Md RGLG3,were screened from the regions of QTLs with large G'value and large genetic effects.Both a 216-bp deletion and an SNP934 T/C at the promoter of Md NAC83 were associated with higher Md NAC83expression but an SNP388 G/A at the coding region significantly reduced the activity to activate the expression of the target genes Md ACO1,Md MANA3,and Md XTH28.Md BPM2 and Md RGLG3 participated in the ubiquitination of Md NAC83.SNP657 T/A of Md BPM2 and SNP167C/G of Md RGLG3 caused a reduction in the activity to ubiquitinate Md NAC83.By the addition of functional markers to the Geno Baits SNP array,the prediction accuracy of the updated GAP models increased to 0.7723/0.6231 and 0.5639/0.5345 for flesh firmness/crispness at harvest and flesh firmness/crispness retainability,respectively.The variation network involving eight simple Mendelian variations in six genes helps to gain insight into the molecular quantitative genetics,to improve breeding strategy,and to provide targets for future genome editing.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project PDCPN-2015-266,México.
文摘Acalypha gaumeri(Euphorbiaceae)is the only endemic species of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula.It is dioecious and has antifungal properties against various phytopathogens.In the present study,molecular identification of A.gaumeri was performed using the rbcL region,confirming its belonging to the Acalypha genus.Its genetic diversity was evaluated using 10 SPAR markers(ISSR and DAMD)from 60 individuals collected from female and male plants of the Kiuic,Tinum and Yaxcaba ex-situ populations.The results showed a high level of genetic polymorphism(PIC=0.980)and significant differences among the populations.Ethanol and aqueous extracts from leaves,stems,and roots of both genders and three populations were evaluated against three phytopathogenic fungi.Only the ethanol extracts of the roots showed inhibitory antifungal activity,whereas Kiuic and Tinum,both male and female individuals,showed inhibitory effects at 1000μg/mL against the three pathogens.The ethanol extract of the female flowering plant of Kiuic showed activity at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 250μg/mL against Alternaria chrysanthemi CICY004 and 500μg/mL against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides CICY002 and Penicillium oxalicum ITC25.Chromatographic profile of the ethanol extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloidal components in the ex-situ cultivated plants,which were analyzed by HPLC.The results revealed that the peaks at T_(R) of 7.60,7.88,and 8.49 min were the most abundant components(9.95%-21.93%),with differences between female and male plants of the three populations.This research confirms that A.gaumeri cultivated and genetically characterized is a potential raw material to develop an eco-friendly product for the control of fungal diseases in crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271584 and 31600445)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072,GK202103073)the National College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(202310718085)Special Research Project in Philosophy and Social Sciences of Shaanxi Province(2022HZ1795).
文摘Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.
基金supported by the NSFC(Grant Nos.62176273,62271070,62441212)The Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)under Grant SKLNST-2024-1-062025Major Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025ZD008).
文摘The Intrusion Detection System(IDS)is a security mechanism developed to observe network traffic and recognize suspicious or malicious activities.Clustering algorithms are often incorporated into IDS;however,conventional clustering-based methods face notable drawbacks,including poor scalability in handling high-dimensional datasets and a strong dependence of outcomes on initial conditions.To overcome the performance limitations of existing methods,this study proposes a novel quantum-inspired clustering algorithm that relies on a similarity coefficient-based quantum genetic algorithm(SC-QGA)and an improved quantum artificial bee colony algorithm hybrid K-means(IQABC-K).First,the SC-QGA algorithmis constructed based on quantum computing and integrates similarity coefficient theory to strengthen genetic diversity and feature extraction capabilities.For the subsequent clustering phase,the process based on the IQABC-K algorithm is enhanced with the core improvement of adaptive rotation gate and movement exploitation strategies to balance the exploration capabilities of global search and the exploitation capabilities of local search.Simultaneously,the acceleration of convergence toward the global optimum and a reduction in computational complexity are facilitated by means of the global optimum bootstrap strategy and a linear population reduction strategy.Through experimental evaluation with multiple algorithms and diverse performance metrics,the proposed algorithm confirms reliable accuracy on three datasets:KDD CUP99,NSL_KDD,and UNSW_NB15,achieving accuracy of 98.57%,98.81%,and 98.32%,respectively.These results affirm its potential as an effective solution for practical clustering applications.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2024LZGC035)the Start-up Foundation for High Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University,China (665/1120012)。
文摘Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.
文摘Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)is a heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorder of B-cell origin and represents one of the most common malignancies in children and young adults.In addition to well-known underlying factors-such as Epstein-Barr virus infection-the familial aggregation demonstrated in large population studies suggested a genetic predisposition.First-degree relatives of patients with HL have an approximately threefold increased risk of developing the disease compared to the general population.These observations have recently prompted several whole-genome studies in affected families,identifying variants possibly implicated in lymphomagenesis,including alterations in DICER1(a member of the ribonuclease III family),POT1(protection of telomeres 1),KDR(kinase insert domain receptor),KLHDC8B(kelch domain-containing protein 8B),PAX5(paired box protein 5),GATA3(GATA binding protein 3),IRF7(interferon regulatory factor 7),EEF2KMT(eukaryotic elongation factor 2 lysine methyltransferase),and POLR1E(RNA polymerase I subunit E).In this article,we review current insights into the etiopathogenesis and risks of familial HL,and present case reports involving two sisters diagnosed with HL nearly 17 years apart.Recognizing the risk for first-degree relatives may potentially increase awareness of early symptoms among family members of HL patients,leading to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.Conversely,understanding that the hereditary risk,though higher than in the general population,remains relatively low may provide reassurance for affected families.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,Nos.7244428(to WZ)and 7222215(to JH)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program forYoung Scholars’Scientific and Technological Innovation,No.BMU2023YFJHPY034(to WZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81873784,82071426(to DF),and81974197(to JH)the Clinical Cohort Construction Program of Peking University Third Hospital,No.BYSYDL2019002(to DF)Beijing Physician-Scientist TrainingProgram,No.BJPSTP-2024-03(to JH)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2022TQ0014(to LX),2022M720284(to LX)the E-Town Cooperation&Development Foundation,No.YCXJ-JZ-2023-017(to LX).
文摘The growing recognition of the role of genetics in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is evident.However,there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and genetics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in an Asian population.This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinic-based cohort of patients from the Chinese mainland.Enrollment of 302 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis families from 28 provinces was undertaken from January 2008 to September 2023.A group-based trajectory model for disease progression based on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R)scores was validated using bootstrap internal validation in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(matched at a 1:4 ratio,with replacement).DNA samples from 244 index patients were screened for variants in the pathogenic genes SOD1,FUS,TDP43,and C9ORF72,of which 146 were also subjected to genome-wide next-generation sequencing.Gene-level burden analysis was used to evaluate the distribution of rare variants in the cohort.We found that rapid dynamic disease progression was associated with an older age at onset,shorter diagnostic delay,lower body mass index,bulbar onset,and≥1 affected first-degree relative.Certain attributes,such as age at onset and time from onset to diagnosis,had comparable impacts on the clinical progression trajectories of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Harboring pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causative genes reduced the age of onset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Among the patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,17.8%possessed≥2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants.Sequencing kernel association test analysis showed that the SOD1 rare variant burden(P=1.3e-15)was associated with a significant risk of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Our findings conclusively confirmed the clinical features and genetic spectrum of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 15 years in a clinical cohort from China,contributing to a deeper understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This comprehensive evaluation of specific clinical characteristics,clinical prognosis,and genetic variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on detailed clinical and genetic information may lead to the development of genotype-specific treatment approaches.
